>Y.ssk at 18:09, 23 August 2021

2021-08-23T18:09:20Z

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'''Intercaste marriage''' ('''ICM'''),<ref>{{Cite web|last=Trigunayat|first=Samarth|title=Inter-caste & Inter-Religious Marriages: Social And Legal Issues|url=https://www.lawctopus.com/academike/inter-caste-inter-religious-marriages-social-legal-issues/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-21|website=www.lawctopus.com|language=en-US}}</ref> also known as '''marrying out of caste''',<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-12-26|title=Why is Inter-Caste Marriage a Problem?|url=https://www.desiblitz.com/content/inter-caste-marriage-problem|access-date=2021-07-21|website=DESIblitz|language=en}}</ref> is a form of [[Exogamy|exogamous]] nuptial union that involve two individuals belonging to different [[Caste|castes]]. Intercaste marriages are particularly perceived as [[Acceptance|socially unacceptable]] and [[taboo]] in certain [[South Asia|South Asian]] societies.

== By region ==

=== India ===
{{Main|Inter-caste marriages in India}}

=== Nepal ===
{{Main|Inter-caste marriage in Nepal}}
Nepal has many castes and inter-caste marriage is generally considered taboo. However, this kind of marriage has been gradually gaining acceptance. In 1854, the Government of Nepal passed the "Muluki Ain" commissioned by [[Jung Bahadur Rana]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last1=Basnet|first1=Chudamani|last2=Jha|first2=Ratnakar|date=29 October 2019|title=Crossing the Caste and Ethnic Boundaries: Love and Intermarriage Between Madhesi Men and Pahadi Women in Southern Nepal|url=http://journals.openedition.org/samaj/5802|url-status=live|journal=South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal|language=fr|doi=10.4000/samaj.5802|issn=1960-6060|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624154515/https://journals.openedition.org/samaj/5802|archive-date=24 June 2020|access-date=24 June 2020|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nepali Politics And The Rise of Jang Bahudur Rana, 1830–1857|url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28837/1/10673006.pdf|access-date=25 June 2020|website=ProQuest}}</ref> This law outlawed marriage between people of a lower caste with those of a higher caste.<ref name=":4" /> In 1963, [[King Mahendra]] modified the law to abolish the "caste-based unequal citizenship".<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Abrogation of Some Criminal Cases and Remission of Punishment Act, 2020 (1963)|url=http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/archives/14022|access-date=2020-06-25|website=Nepal Law Commission|language=en-US}}</ref> Since then, inter-caste marriage has been gradually gaining acceptance throughout Nepal.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Bishwakarma|first=Mom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oEmMDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT68|title=Political Transformations in Nepal: Dalit Inequality and Social Justice|date=7 March 2019|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-75615-3|language=en|access-date=24 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624115236/https://books.google.com/books?id=oEmMDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT68|archive-date=24 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Yadav|first=Punam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YiURDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA167|title=Social Transformation in Post-conflict Nepal: A Gender Perspective|date=28 April 2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-35390-4|language=en|access-date=24 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624115326/https://books.google.com/books?id=YiURDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA167|archive-date=24 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nepal, an emerging rainbow nation|url=http://archive.nepalitimes.com/news.php?id=17503#.XvM_IGhKiUk|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311183438/http://archive.nepalitimes.com/news.php?id=17503#.XvM_IGhKiUk|archive-date=11 March 2018|access-date=24 June 2020|website=Nepali Times}}</ref>

In 2009, the Government of Nepal announced that it would give a sum of रू100,000 [[Nepalese rupee]]s (roughly US$1,350<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 August 2010|title=Inter-caste Newlyweds Face Eviction, Discrimination in Nepal|url=https://globalpressjournal.com/asia/nepal/inter-caste-newlyweds-face-eviction-discrimination-in-nepal/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624121838/https://globalpressjournal.com/asia/nepal/inter-caste-newlyweds-face-eviction-discrimination-in-nepal/|archive-date=24 June 2020|access-date=24 June 2020|website=Global Press Journal|language=en-US}}</ref>) away to couples who have an inter-caste marriage.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Sunar|first=Giri Bahadur|title=Rough road to inter-caste marriage|url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/53534/|access-date=24 June 2020|website=My Republica|language=en}}</ref> The recipients would have to claim the sum within 30 days of the marriage.<ref name=":0" /> [[Republica (newspaper)|Republica]], however, has reported that there was no "government assistance for [[Dalit|Dalit women]]" who were left jilted by their upper-caste husbands.<ref name=":0" />

=== Pakistan ===
Although “[[Love marriage|love marriages]]” not [[Arranged marriage|arranged by families]] may be allowed among the upper class Pakistanis, among other social classes intercaste marriages are socially not accepted. A 2011 study that examined [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjabi]] women reported that women in intercaste marriages are subjected to a greater risk of violence compared to other Pakistani women in general. [[Honor killing|Honor killings]] due to intercaste marriages have been extensively reported by Pakistani media agencies.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019|title=Pakistan: Domestic violence in intercaste marriages; state protection and support services for victims|url=https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/1130666/download|url-status=live|website=Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada}}</ref>

=== South Asian diaspora ===
Intercaste marriages in [[Desi|diaspora communities of people of South Asian descent]], such as those in [[United Kingdom]], are reported to be not prevalent.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-28|title=The Views of British Asians on Inter-Caste marriage|url=https://www.desiblitz.com/content/the-views-of-british-asians-on-inter-caste-marriage|access-date=2021-07-21|website=DESIblitz|language=en}}</ref> In 2011 an intercaste couple from UK claimed that their bosses had discriminated against them because of their relationship.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Aug 19|first1=Ashis Ray / TNN / Updated|last2=2011|last3=Ist|first3=06:56|title=Intercaste marriage costs UK couple job - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/uk/intercaste-marriage-costs-uk-couple-job/articleshow/9656369.cms|access-date=2021-07-21|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

== Religious views ==

=== Islam ===
[[Islam]] does not prevent marriages between individuals based on racial, ethnological, tribal or caste grounds, though every marriage still need to conform [[Marriage in Islam|Islamic martial laws]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Qureshi|first=Javed Ahmed|date=11 April 2020|title=Marriage in Islam|url=http://www.jiwaji.edu/pdf/ecourse/law/MARRIAGE%20IN%20ISLAM.pdf|url-status=live|publisher=[[Jiwaji University]]}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Homogamy (sociology)|Homogamy]]
* [[Hypergamy|Hypergamy and hypogamy]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Morganatic marriage]]
[[Category:Exogamy]]
[[Category:Caste]]

Inter-caste marriage - Revision history

>Y.ssk at 18:09, 23 August 2021