ErnestGuzzi186 at 00:54, 28 April 2026

2026-04-28T00:54:38Z

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{{Short description|Muslim community of Iraqi origin}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{distinguish|Baradari (brotherhood)}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Iraqi Birdari
| image =
| caption = a Muslim community of Iraqi origin from eastern [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| population=
| populace = India, Pakistan
| langs = [[Urdu language|Urdu]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[English language|English]]
| rels = [[Islam]], [[Sunni]]
| related-c = [[Shaikhs in North India]], [[Sayyid]]
|
}}

'''Iraqi Biradri''' is a Sunni Muslim caste found chiefly in [[Ghazipur]], [[Azamgarh]], [[Ballia]], [[Deoria, Uttar Pradesh|Deoria]] and [[Gorakhpur]] districts of the eastern [[Uttar Pradesh]] in India. Iraqi Biradri is also referred to as Iraqi Shaikh.

==History and origin==
Iraqi Biradri is a descendant population of immigrants from Iraq. Recent facts argue that their ancestors were the immediate descendants of Sayyid Masud Al Hussaini and his poorly defined [[retinue]], all recent immigrants from Iraq. Sayyid Masud Al Hussaini successfully extended the Ghazipur area under the [[Delhi Sultanate]], settling with his family in the newly conquered city during the reign of Mamluk Sultan [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq]] circa 1330.<ref>about district-history"[https://ghazipur.nic.in/tehsil Tehsil | District Ghazipur, Government of Uttar Pradesh | India],"</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Nevill |editor1-first=H. R. |title=Ghazipur: A Gazetteer, Being Volume XXIX of the District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh |date=1909 |publisher=Government Press |location=Allahabad |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.2954 |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|157, 158}}

As a result, Iraqi Biradri are known have to settled in Ghazipur in the 14th century, with an origin roughly 700 years ago.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alhaj|first=Mohammad Hanif|title=Mardam Shumari.pdf-3.7.2022|url=https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1Dl5q9nluGUWuc8BVjZY1BvljlYN2j2lZ|access-date=20 Oct 2023|archive-date=20 Oct 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020211414/https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1Dl5q9nluGUWuc8BVjZY1BvljlYN2j2lZ}}p.46-Nonahra, Ghazipur</ref><ref>Nohahra, Ghazipur{{cite web|title=Sadat of Subcontinent India and Pakistan|url=https://www.mynasab.com/2021/03/23/sadat-of-subcontinent-india-and-pakistan/|access-date =7 January 2024|archive-date=7 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107070100/https://mynasab.com/2021/03/23/sadat-of-subcontinent-india-and-pakistan/}}</ref> The ancestors as old as 300 years or more are now very well-identified in many towns/villages of the districts as mentioned above including Ghazipur in the form of distinct family trees.<ref name="our publication">{{cite book |author1=Jalil Ahmad Lari|author2=Javed Ahmad Gauri|author3=Tabrez Akhtar Lari|title= APNO KI TALASH FINAL Book Urdu|url= https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1Dl5q9nluGUWuc8BVjZY1BvljlYN2j2lZ |access-date=18 March 2023|pages=1–239}}</ref>

The above-mentioned Iraqi Biradri and a separate Muslim caste, the converted [[Kalal]]s as Araquis, Rakis, or simply 'Kalal Iraqi' were characterized to be in one group in United Provinces (or U.P.) based on the work of British colonial civil administrators and others.<ref name="our publication1">{{cite web|title=The Tribes and Castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh|author=Crooke, W.|url= https://indianculture.gov.in/rarebooks/tribes-and-castes-north-western-provinces-and-oudh-vol-iii-0}}</ref><ref name="our publication2">{{cite web|title=Muslim castes in Uttar Pradesh|author=Zarina Ahmad|journal=TheEconomicWeekly|year=1962|url=https://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1962_14/7/muslim_caste_in_uttar_pradesh.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Ghaus Ansari |title=Muslim Caste in Uttar Pradesh: A Study of Culture Contact |publisher=Ethnographic and Folk Culture Society |year=1960 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i0HRAAAAMAAJ |oclc=1104993 }}</ref><ref> {{cite web|title=Fieldnotes on Caste Practices among Muslims of Nohsa Panchayat|author=Khursheed AKbar|url=https://tiss.ac.in/uploads/files/Working_Paper_5_Khursheed_Akbar.pdf}} TATA INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, PATNA CENTRE</ref> These mistaken reports attributed a fallacy toward the Iraqi Biradri for more than a century in the past.

==Ethnic Iraqis==
*India: Iraqi Biradri from the native places in eastern U.P. are settled in many cities among others,[[Ethnic communities in Kanpur]], and [[Ethnic communities in Kolkata]] are noticeable. For the last few centuries, [[Lar, Uttar Pradesh|Lar]] town in [[Deoria, Uttar Pradesh|Deoria]] or prior to 1958 [[Gorakhpur]] district has continued a predominant population of historic Iraqis.
*Pakistan: After independence in 1947, many Iraqi Families migrated mainly to [[Karachi]] Pakistan, names of the most migrants with details of the places of origin in eastern [[Uttar Pradesh]] are recorded.<ref>{{cite web|title=iraqibiradripakistan|url=http://iraqibiradripakistan.info/|access-date=22 October 2023|archive-date=10 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110102329/http://iraqibiradripakistan.info/|url-status=dead}}retrieved 20 Oct 2023</ref>

==Genetics==
A variety of [[Y-DNA haplogroups]] are found among certain random samples that represent distinct Iraqi families as outlined above.<ref name="our publication"/> The Y-DNA haplogroups included: M198([[R1a1a]]), branches R-Y6 >R-Y1, R-Y7 and R-Y37/M560 >R-M12232; Y-DNA haplogroup [[J2-M172]], branches J2a and J2b; Y-DNA [[Haplogroup J-M267|Haplogroup J1]] (J-CTS5368); Y-DNA [[Haplogroup L (Y-DNA)|haplogroup L]], L-M27. ''Maternal haplogroups'' found are: [[Haplogroup U|U]]- U2, U4a, U7; [[Haplogroup M (mtDNA)|M]]- M3c, M5a, M30, M33; [[Haplogroup R (mtDNA)|R]]- R0, R30b, R2 and R8; [[Haplogroup W (mtDNA)|W]]- W3a; [[Haplogroup H (mtDNA)|H]]- H11a2; [[Haplogroup A (mtDNA)|A]]- A4b (YSEQ, [[23andme]] and [[FamilyTreeDNA]]).

==Notable people==


*[[Iqbal Ahmad]], retired IAS officer of 1974 batch and Madhya Pradesh Cadre
*[[Lari Azad]], Indian historian and writer
*[[Nasreen Jalil]], Pakistani senator and daughter of [[Zafrul Ahsan Lari|Zafarul Ahsan Lari]], [[Indian Civil Service|ICS]]
*[[Nurul Ain Lari|Ahmar Lari]], Urdu Poet and scholar
*[[Ghazala Lari]], Indian politician, [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly]] member (2008-2017)
*[[Mushir Alam|Mushir-Riaz]], Indian businessmen (film producers)
*[[Maqbool Ahmed Lari]], Indian businessman, philanthropist, recipient of the [[Padma Shri]] (1971)
*[[Marghoob Ahmad Lari]], Indian politician
*[[Murad Lari]], politician from Uttar Pradesh
*[[Muzaffar Ahmad Lari]], Urdu writer
*[[Suhail Zaheer Lari]], historian and writer in Pakistan
*[[Yasmeen Lari]], the first female architect in Pakistan
*[[Zahirul Hasnain Lari]], known leader of [[All India Muslim League]] from [[United Provinces (1937–1950)|United Provinces]]
*[[Abd-al-Ghaffar Mauvi|Abdul Ghaffar Mauwi]], Deobandi Islamic scholar
*[[Alhaj Minnatullah|Haji Minnatullah]], Social Worker
*[[Noori Mian|Noor Mohammad]], popular as Noori Mian, founder of Bhatni sugar mill
*[[Muhibbullah Lari Nadwi]], Islamic scholar
*[[Abul Hasan Quraishi]], [[Indian Civil Service|ICS]], origin [[Rasra]], [[Uttar Pradesh|Ballia]]
*[[Manzoor Alam Quraishi]], [[Indian Civil Service]] officer, 1941 batch

==References==

{{Reflist}}

{{Indian Muslim}}

[[Category:Indian people of Iraqi descent|*]]
[[Category:Pakistani people of Iraqi descent|*]]
[[Category:Islamic honorifics]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Shaikh clans]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of India]]
[[Category:People from Azamgarh]]

Iraqi Biradari - Revision history

ErnestGuzzi186 at 00:54, 28 April 2026