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'''Ishal''' is the melodic framework within which [[Mappila Songs]] are composed.<ref name="ReferenceA">"Mappila Muslims: A Study on Society and Anti Colonial Struggles" <br />
By Husain Raṇṭattāṇi.</ref> Though identical to [[Tala (music)|tala]]([[metre (music)]]) and [[raga]] of Indian music, it has influences from the ancient folk songs of Kerala and Arabian musical traditions.<ref>Abdurahiman.K.P "Mappila heritage: A study in their social and cultural life"<br />
Thesis. Department of History, University of Calicut, 2004.</ref><br />
<br />
Ishals with its distinct tunes convey the emotion and mood of the lyrics being rendered. As mappila songs are also used in mappila performing arts like [[Oppana]], Kolkali, Duffmuttu, etc.; the change in ishals changes the dance moves. <br />
<ref name="Thesis 2004">Abdurahiman.K.P "Mappila heritage: A study in their social and cultural life"<br />
Thesis. Department of History, University of Calicut, 2004. Chapter~7 'Mappila Tradition In Folk Arts'.</ref> Ishals like Kuthirabaravu / Kuthirathalam meaning 'horse rhythm' gives the audience the feel of a galloping horse, with its distinctive rhythmic rendering.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://keralaculture.org/mappilapaattu/644|title=Mappilapaattu or Mappila songs &#124; Muslim songs of Kerala}}</ref><br />
<ref name="ReferenceA"/><br />
<br />
Much of the recorded sources of ishals are Mappila literary works written in [[Arabi-Malayalam]]. Moyinkutty Vaidyar's work alone has used numerous different Ishals in composition. <br />
Oral transmission is another source of information on various ishals. Researches on Ishals are still underway.<ref name="Ishal Thanima Audio CD">Ishal Thanima Audio CD, Mahakavi Moyinkutty Vaidyar Mappila Kala Academy, Kondotty, Kerala.</ref><ref>"Mappila Muslims: A Study on Society and Anti Colonial Struggles"<br />
By Husain Raṇṭattāṇi.</ref><br />
<br />
==List of known Ishals==<br />
<br />
*Kombu, with its various sub categories.<br />
*Thongal<br />
*Bambu<br />
*Akanthar / Chayppu Virutham<br />
*Oppana Chayal & Oppana Murukkam<br />
*Hakkana<br />
*Mihraaj<br />
*Munajaat<br />
*Kavi<br />
*Maanitham Kwala & Maanitham Kwala Murukkam<br />
*Aadi Antham<br />
*Pukayinaar<br />
*Aaramba<br />
*Thalelam<br />
*Oosha Birutham<br />
*Makkanabi<br />
*Changu Kalangi / Chattamaettam<br />
*Mariyum Kinnaram<br />
*Kalithaalam<br />
*Akabhalippu<br />
*Ondan<br />
*Ketti Imaam<br />
*Virutham<br />
*Veerasha<br />
*Param Enikathil <ref>"Mappilapattu version of Ramayana soon"<br />
Times of India, 23 July 2017.</ref><br />
*Veeraar<br />
*Naeshamaasha<br />
*Aashayul<br />
*Koolamammayil<br />
*Madanamani / Veervirutham<br />
*Kuthirabaravu<br />
<ref>"Islamika Vinjanakosham", Islamic Publishing House, vol. 7 & 8</ref><br />
<ref name="Thesis 2004"/><br />
<ref name="Ishal Thanima Audio CD"/><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --><br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Mappilas]]<br />
[[Category:Indian classical music]]<br />
[[Category:Indian folk music]]<br />
[[Category:Islamic music]]</div>>Citation bot