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{{Short description|Political coalition in Pakistan}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = Islami Jamhoori Ittehad<br/>{{small|Islamic Democratic Alliance}}
| native_name = {{Nastaliq|اسلامی جمہوری اتحاد}}
| native_name_lang = ur
| abbreviation = IJI
| logo =
| logo_size =
| colorcode = {{party color|Islami Jamhoori Ittehad}}
| leader = [[Nawaz Sharif]]
| deputy_leader =
| spokesperson =
| leader1_title =
| leader1_name =
| founder = [[Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi]]
| foundation = 1988
| dissolution = 1990
| ideology = [[Conservatism]]<br>[[Neoliberalism]]
| predecessor =
| successor = [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)]]
| headquarters = [[Islamabad]]
| position = [[Right-wing politics|Right-wing]]
| religion =
| international =
| newspaper =
| colors =
| slogan = No Sitaray Bhai Bhai
Benazir ki Shamat Aai
| seats1_title = Seats in the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]] (before dissolution)
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|111|207|{{party color|Islami Jamhoori Ittehad}}}}
| flag = [[File:Flag of IJI.svg|200px]]
| website =
| country = Pakistan
}}

The '''Islami Jamhoori Ittehad''' ({{Small|lit.}} '''Islamic Democratic Alliance'''; [[Acronym and initialism|acronym]]: '''IJI'''; {{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|اسلامی جمہوری اتحاد}}}}) was a [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] conservative alliance formed in September 1988 to oppose the democratic socialist [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] in elections that year.<ref name="Chakma2014">{{cite book|author=B. Chakma|title=South Asia in Transition: Democracy, Political Economy and Security|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8WioBAAAQBAJ&q=pakistan+recruited+chakmas&pg=PT53|date=25 June 2014|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|isbn=978-1-137-35664-2|pages=}}</ref> The alliance comprised nine parties, of which the major components were the [[Pakistan Muslim League]] (PML), [[National Peoples Party (Pakistan)|National Peoples Party]] (NPP), [[Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan|Jamaat-e-Islami]] (JI), with PML accounting for 80% of the IJI's electoral candidates. The [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] (ISI) agency, under director [[Hamid Gul]], had a major role in forming the right-of-centre political alliance.<ref>[http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24196 Hameed Gul admits he formed IJI], [[The News (Pakistan)]], August 30, 2009</ref><ref>[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008\02\01\story_1-2-2008_pg3_1 Editorial: What the generals must apologise for] ''Daily Times'', February 01, 2008</ref> Care had been taken to ensure that the alliance comprised nine parties to generate comparison with the nine-party [[Pakistan National Alliance]] (PNA) that had campaigned against PPP in 1977.<ref>''Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military'' by [[Husain Haqqani]], Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2005, p 207.</ref>

The head of the party was [[Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi]], but its most resourceful leader was [[Nawaz Sharif]], a young industrialist whom Zia ul-Haq had appointed [[Chief Minister of Punjab (Pakistan)|chief minister of Punjab]]. Sharif was vying for control of the Pakistan Muslim League, which was headed at that time by former Prime Minister [[Muhammad Khan Junejo]].<ref>''Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military'' by [[Husain Haqqani]], Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2005, pp. 202–203.</ref>

It won only fifty-three seats in the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]], compared with ninety-two won by the PPP. Most IJI seats were won in [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]]. [[Nawaz Sharif]] emerged from the 1988 elections as the most powerful politician outside the PPP. In December 1988, he succeeded in forming an IJI administration in Punjab and became the province's chief minister. It was from this power base that he waged the political battles that eventually led to his becoming [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|prime minister]] in 1990. In the supercharged atmosphere of the 1990 elections, the electorate surprised observers. Neither the IJI nor the PPP was expected to come up with a firm mandate to rule. Yet the IJI received a strong mandate to govern, winning 105 seats versus forty-five seats for the Pakistan Democratic Alliance (PDA), of which the PPP was the main component in the National Assembly.<ref>[http://countrystudies.us/pakistan/67.htm Profile: Islami Jamhoori Ittehad] ''U.S. Library of Congress''</ref> Opposition groups alleged large scale selective rigging of seats to not just ensure an IJI victory but also prevent those opposed to Military influence from being elected.<ref>How an election was stolen: the PDA white paper on the Pakistan elections (1990) Peoples Democratic Alliance</ref>

In the 1993 national elections, the IJI coalition no longer existed to bring together all the anti-PPP forces. The religious parties expended most of their energies trying to form a workable electoral alliance rather than bolstering the candidacy of Nawaz Sharif, the only person capable of challenging [[Benazir Bhutto]].

==Controversies==
Islami Jamhori Ittehad was allegedly an establishment-backed political alliance against the Benazir Bhuto-led PPP, formed after doling out money to the politicians, which caused the PPP's defeat in the said general elections.
In 1993, former Air Chief Asghar Khan had moved SC against foul play in the 1990 general elections. The case is also known as [[Mehran Bank scandal|Mehrangate scandal]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* [[Husain Haqqani]]. ''Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military'', Washington D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2005.

==See also==
* [[Pakistan National Alliance]]
* [[Politics of Pakistan]]
* [[History of Pakistan]]
* [[List of political parties in Pakistan]]

[[Category:Conservative parties in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Defunct political party alliances in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Pakistan Muslim League (N)]]
[[Category:Political history of Pakistan]]

Islami Jamhoori Ittehad - Revision history

->Citation bot at 20:19, 20 December 2021