Ajay Kumar at 14:47, 23 July 2023

2023-07-23T14:47:08Z

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The '''Istimrari''' estates were small feudal states (originally [[jagir]]s) in the 17th and 18th century [[Rajputana]], the pre-1949 name of the present-day [[India]]n state of [[Rājasthān]], the largest state of the [[Republic of India]]. The Istimrari chieftains paid tribute to their masters but were not compelled to participate in wars unless called upon by their respective chiefs.

In the Indian feudal system of 17th and 18th century, there were 66 Istimararis in the [[Rajputana]] (North west India). The Istimrari estates were originally only [[Jagirs]], held under obligation of military service. The [[Marathas]], however, who found it impolitic to encourage the warlike tendencies of their [[Rajput]] [[vassal]]s, commuted this obligation for a fixed tribute.<ref>Imperial gazetteer of India: provincial series, Volume 23, page 474</ref>

== Istimrari ==
The Istimrari chieftains,<ref>Reginald M.A. Branson, Digest of all the Cases relating to India, page 1317</ref> accordingly, acquired the habit of regarding themselves as holders at a fixed and permanent quit-rent; and although during the earlier period of British rule extra cesses were levied from time to time, in 1841 the government remitted all such collections for the future. In 1873 {{transl|hi|sanads}} were granted to the various {{transl|hi|istimdars}}, declaring their existing assessments to be fixed in perpetuity. There is, however, a special due ({{transl|hi|nazardna}}) on successions, its amount being separately stipulated in each {{transl|hi|sanad}}.

== List ==
There are altogether 66 istimrari estates in Ajmer District. The istimdars are divided into tazimi and non-tazimi, the former being the native aristocracy of the Province and the latter persons of less consideration.

=== The tazimi istimdars<ref>Imperial gazetteer of India: provincial series, Volume 23, page 474</ref> ===
* Kalera-Bogla
* Bhinai
* Sawar
* Masuda
* Pisangan
* Junia
* Deolia
* Kharwa
* Bandanwara
* Mehrun
* Para
* Deogaon - Baghera
* Gobindgarh
* Tantuti
* Barli
* Bagsuri
* Sadara

== Bhum ==
This term is peculiar to Rajputs. The word itself means 'land' and '''bhumid''' signifies the allodial proprietor. The tenure consists essentially in a hereditary, non-resumable, and inalienable property in the soil. The title of bhumid is so cherished that the greatest chiefs are solicitous to obtain it, even in villages entirely dependent on their authority as well as in those outside their territorial jurisdiction.<ref>Imperial gazetteer of India: provincial series, Volume 23, page 475</ref>

The Maharaja of [[Kishangarh]], the [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]] of [[Fatehgarh]] in Kishangarh, the Thakur of [[Junia (Ajmer District, India)|Junia]], the Thakur of [[Bandanwara]], and the Thakur of [[Tantuti]] are among the bhumids of Ajmer.

The duties of bhumids were originally threefold <ref>Baden Henry Baden-Powell, A manual of the land revenue systems and land tenures of British India, page 536</ref>
* To protect the village in which the bhum is, and the village cattle, from robbers;
* To protect the property of travelers within the village from theft and robbery; and
* To compensate sufferers from a crime which should have been prevented.

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian castes]]

Istimrari - Revision history

Ajay Kumar at 14:47, 23 July 2023