>Graeme Bartlett at 04:37, 25 January 2021

2021-01-25T04:37:10Z

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{{use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{use Indian English|date=March 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Itkhori
| other_name = Itkhoee
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24|17|49|N|85|9|18|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[districts of Jharkhand|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chatra, Jharkhand|Chatra]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Community development block in India|CD block]]
| subdivision_name3 = Itkhori
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 160.60
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 386
| population_total = 72,929
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 825408 (Itkhori)
| area_code_type = Telephone/STD code
| area_code = 06547
| registration_plate =[[List of RTO districts in India#JH.E2.80.94Jharkhand|JH]]-13
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 62.90%
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Chatra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chatra]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Chatra (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chatra]]
| website = {{URL|chatra.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Itkhori''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] that forms an administrative division in the [[Chatra subdivision]] of the [[Chatra district]], [[Jharkhand]] [[States and territories of India|state]], India.

==Overview==
Chatra district forms a part of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau#Hazaribagh plateau|Upper Hazaribagh Plateau]], [[Chota Nagpur Plateau#Koderma plateau|Lower Hazaribagh Plateau]] and northern [[Escarpment|scarp]]. Located at an elevation of about {{convert|450|m|ft|0}}, the general slope of the district is from north to south. Red [[laterite]] acidic soil predominates in an area that is primarily dependent upon rain-fed agriculture. Around 60% of the district is covered with forests. The district has a population density of 275 persons per km2. Around two-thirds of the families in the district live [[Below Poverty Line (India)|below poverty line]].<ref name="blocks">{{cite web | url = http://chatra.nic.in/blocks.html | title = Chatra - the official website | work = Blocks, Circles & Panchayats – List of villages under Panchayats | publisher = Chatra district authority | access-date = 9 August 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160627231221/http://chatra.nic.in/blocks.html | archive-date = 27 June 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref> In the extreme south of the district some portions of Tandwa CD Block are part of [[North Karanpura Coalfield]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sinclairenvironmental.com/karanpura/coalfields.htm |archive-url=https://archive.is/20150516093809/http://sinclairenvironmental.com/karanpura/coalfields.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 May 2015 |title=The North Karanpura Coalfields |work=Jharkhand |publisher=sinclair-environmental |access-date=10 August 2016 }}</ref>

==Maoist activities==
Jharkhand is one of the states affected by [[Naxalite|Maoist]] activities. {{As of|2012}}, Chatra was one of the 14 highly affected districts in the state. 5 persons were killed in Chatra district in 2012, but Maoist activities, such as arms training camps and organisation of ‘Jan Adalats’ ([[kangaroo court]]s) were on the decline.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/maoist/Assessment/2013/Jharkhand.htm |title = Jharkhand Assessment 2013 | publisher= Satp | access-date = 10 August 2016}}</ref>
{{As of|2016}}, Chatra was identified as one of the 13 focus areas by the state police to check Maoist activities.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.eenaduindia.com/states/east/jharkhand/ranchi/2016/06/14073809/13-focus-areas-identified-in-Jharkhand-to-check-Maoist.vpf | title = 13 focus areas identified in Jharkhand to check Maoist activities | publisher = Eenadu Jndia, 14 June 2016 | access-date = 10 August 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170927113900/http://www.eenaduindia.com/states/east/jharkhand/ranchi/2016/06/14073809/13-focus-areas-identified-in-Jharkhand-to-check-Maoist.vpf | archive-date = 27 September 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Geography==
Itkhori is located at {{coord|24|17|49|N|85|9|18|E}}

Itkhori CD block is bounded by [[Chauparan (community development block)|Chauparan]] CD block, in [[Hazaribagh district]], in the north, [[Mayurhand Block|Mayurhand]] CD block in the east, [[Gidhour Block|Gidhour]] CD block in the south and [[Kanhachatti]] CD block in the west.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://chatra.nic.in/images/chatra-tehsil-map.jpg | title = Chatra | work = CD Block/Tehsil Map | publisher = Chatra district administration | access-date = 9 August 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161220103928/http://chatra.nic.in/images/chatra-tehsil-map.jpg | archive-date = 20 December 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

The [[Mohana River|Mohana]] flows through Itkhori CD block.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.itkhorimahotsav.com/abut/about.htm |title = Itkhori Mahotsav | work=About Itkhori | publisher= Maa Bhadrkali Mandir Parisar | access-date = 22 November 2015}}</ref>

Itkhori CD block has an area of 160.60 km2.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2002_PART_B_DCHB_CHATRA.pdf |title = Chatra District Census Handbook, |work = Census of India 2011, Page 26 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | access-date = 17 August 2016}}</ref>[[Itkhori#Police station|Itkhori]] police station serves this block.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/chatra | title= District Police Profile – Chatra | work= Contact Number |publisher= Jharkhand Police| access-date = 8 January 2021}}</ref> The headquarters of Itkhori CD block is at [[Itkhori]] village.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s3ff4d5fbbafdf976cfdc032e3bde78de5/uploads/2017/06/2018030936.jpg | title= Administrative Boundary Map, Chatra District, Jharkhand|publisher= Chatra district administration| access-date = 8 January 2021}}</ref>

There are 12 panchayats and 159 villages in Itkhori.<ref name="blocks"/>

[[Gram panchayat]]s of Itkhori CD block/ panchayat samiti are: Koni, Dhuna, Itkhori, Tonatanr, Dhankheri, Pitij, Halmata, Saharjam, Malakpur, Parsuni, Nawada and Karni.<ref name="blocks"/>

==Demographics==
===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]] Itkhori CD block had a total population of 74,929, all of which were rural. There were 37,869 (51%) males and 37,060 (49%) females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 13,516. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 17,882 (22.37%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 338 (0.42%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-JK.html |title = 2011 Census C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= Jharkhand – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 20 November 2015}}</ref>

Itkhori village had a total population of 7,121 as per 2011 census.<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
{{As of|2011}} census the total number of literate persons in Itkhori CD block was 41,775 (62.90% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 24,276 (78.43% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 17,499 (47.24% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 31.20%.<ref name=census2011/>

{{As of|2011}} census, literacy in Chatra district was 60.18% <ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.census2011.co.in/search.php?cx=partner-pub-0612465356921996%3A9964620645&cof=FORID%3A10&ie=UTF-8&q=Chatra&sa=Search&siteurl=www.census2011.co.in%2Fdistrict.php&ref=&ss=1966j851948j7 |title = District Census 2011 |publisher= Population Census 2011 | access-date = 8 July 2016}}</ref> Literacy in Jharkhand (for population over 7 years) was 66.41% in 2011.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/stock/profiles/en/IND020_Jharkhand.pdf | title= Jharkhand Profile| work= Census Info India 2011 – Final population totals |publisher= Census Commissioner, Government of India | access-date = 8 July 2016}}</ref> Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.census2011.co.in/literacy.php | title= Literacy in India| work= Census 2011 |publisher= Census population 2015 data | access-date = 8 July 2016}}</ref>

See also – [[List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Chatra district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===
According to the ''District Census Handbook, Chatra, 2011 census,'' as of 2001, among the different mother tongues (languages mentioned under 8th Schedule of Constitution of India), [[Hindi]] was spoken by 703,337 persons forming 88.87% of the population of Chatra district, followed by [[Urdu]] 68,301 persons (8.63%), [[Kurukh language|Oraon]] 11,115 persons (1.40%) and other languages (with no details) 8,681 (1.10%). The population of the Scheduled Tribes in the district of Chatra during 2011 Census was 45,563 constituting 4.36 percent of the total population of the district.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2002_PART_A_DCHB_CHATRA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Chatra, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 22: Note on mother tongue of earlier census| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref>

[[Hindi]] is the official language in Jharkhand and [[Urdu language|Urdu]] has been declared as an additional official language.<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |pages= 35 |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date=3 October 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archive-date= 8 July 2016 }}</ref>

According to the ''District Census Handbook, Chatra, 2011 census,'' Hindus numbered 903,179 and formed 86.60% of the population of Chatra district, followed by Muslims 116,710 (11.19%).<ref>{{cite web| url= https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2002_PART_A_DCHB_CHATRA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Chatra, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 23: Note on religion | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref>

==Rural poverty==
Total number of [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] households in Itkhori CD block in 2002-2007 was 12,899.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://chatra.nic.in/food_and_supply/ | title= Departments: Food and Supply | work= Blockwise Statistics BPL List 2002-2007 |publisher= Chatra district administration| access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref> According to 2011 census, number of households in Itkhori CD block was 12,373.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2002_PART_A_DCHB_CHATRA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Chatra, Series 20, Part XII B, 2011 census|work = page 26: District Primary Census Abstract | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref> Rural poverty in Jharkhand declined from 66% in 1993–94 to 46% in 2004–05. In 2011, it has come down to 39.1%.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Jharkhand%20presentation.pdf | title = Eliminating poverty | publisher = Jharkhand government | access-date = 10 January 2011}}</ref>

Note: BPL data possibly includes that of Mayurhand CD block

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood in Itkhori CD block'''
|value1 = 32.44
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 41.69
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 3.06
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 22.81
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In Itkhori CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 8,615 and formed 32.44%, agricultural labourers numbered 11,071 and formed 41.69%, household industry workers numbered 812 and formed 3.06% and other workers numbered 6,657 and formed 22.81%. Total workers numbered 26,555 and formed 35.44% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 48,374 and formed 64.56% of the population.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2002_PART_A_DCHB_CHATRA.pdf| title = District Census Handbook 2011 Chatra, Series 21, Part XII A| work = Tables 30 and 33, pages 48 and 51 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref>

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2002_PART_A_DCHB_CHATRA.pdf| title= District Census Handbook 2011 Chatra, Series 21 Part XII A | work= Census Concepts, Pages 10-21 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 137 inhabited villages in Itkhori CD block. In 2011, 87 villages had power supply. 9 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 133 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 135 villages had hand pumps, and all villages had drinking water facility. 23 villages had post offices, 25 villages had sub post offices, 8 villages had telephones (land lines), 63 villages had mobile phone coverage. 132 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 25 villages had bus service (public/ private), 6 villages had [[Auto rickshaw|autos]]/ modified autos, 15 villages had taxi/vans and 47 villages had tractors. 1 village had bank branch, 17 villages had agricultural credit societies, 1 village had cinema/ vieo hall, 1 village had public library and public reading room. 56 villages had [[public distribution system]], 9 villages had weekly haat (market) and 42 villages had [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] [[Polling place|polling stations]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2002_PART_A_DCHB_CHATRA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Chatra, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Page 673-675, Appendix I: Village Directory | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
Chatra is a predominanty forest district with 65% of the land area being covered with forests. The balance 35% of the area has both rocky and [[Alluvium|alluvial]] soil. Aluvial soil is found mostly near river valleys. Rice is the main crop of the district. Other important crops grown are bazra, maize and pulses (mainly arhar and gramme).<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2002_PART_A_DCHB_CHATRA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Chatra, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Pages 9-10 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref>

===Backward Regions Grant Fund===
Chatra district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund created by the Government of India is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 10 January 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref>

==Education==
According to the ''District Census Handbook, Chatra, 2011 census,'' Itkhori CD block had 40 villages with pre-primary schools, 105 villages with primary schools, 59 villages with middle schools, 3 villages with secondary schools, 1 village with senior secondary school, 31 villages with no educational facility.<ref name=directory>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2002_PART_A_DCHB_CHATRA.pdf| title= District Census Handbook Chatra, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Pages 671-673 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| access-date = 10 January 2021}}</ref>
 .*Note: Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand

Bhadrakali College was established at [[Itkhori]] in 1979. It is affiliated with [[Vinoba Bhave University]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.boardunivresult.in/2013/09/bhadrakali-college-itkhori-results.html | title= Bhadrakali College, Itkhori |publisher= Board Univ Result| access-date = 20 January 2021}}</ref>

Krishnaballabh Sahay High School is famous there. Land for this school was donated by Parmeshwar Dayal who was lanlord of Dhuna Village. Approx 1,000 students study in this school. There is land measuring 601 katha which is used as a play ground. It was donated by a Dhuna resident.

==Culture==
[[Gautam Buddha|Lord Buddha]] is said to have sat for meditation at Itkhori. There are various Buddhist relics at Itkhori dating from 200 BC to 1200 AD. The [[Bhadrakali]] temple was built in the 9th century AD. The remnants of the past reflect a superior quality of workmanship.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.jharkhandtourism.in/history/hazaribag.htm |title = Historic Jharkhand - Hazaribag|work= Itkhori |publisher=Jharkhand Tourism | access-date = 23 November 2015}}</ref>

There are some links to the [[Jainism|Jain]] [[Tirthankara|Teerthankar]], [[Shitalanatha|Sheetalnath]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.incrediblejharkhand.com/?p=340|title = Bhadra Kali Mandir, Itkhori, Chatra| publisher= Incredible Jharkhand | access-date = 23 November 2015}}</ref> In 2012, the [[Archaeological Survey of India|Archeological Survey of India]] has excavated an ancient Jain idol from beneath of the [[Bhadrakali]] temple compound.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pilgrimaide.com/bhadrakali-temple,-itkhori-(chatra).html|title=Pilgrimaide|last=India|first=Pilgrimage Tourism in|website=www.pilgrimaide.com|access-date=2019-05-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/three-faiths-one-temple-asi-to-excavate-itkhori-edifice-built-in-7th-century-ad/cid/462129|title=Three faiths, one temple - ASI to excavate Itkhori edifice built in 7th Century AD|website=www.telegraphindia.com|language=en|access-date=2019-05-29}}</ref>

==Itkhori picture gallery==
<gallery widths="230px" heights="200px">
File:BhadraKali Temple.jpg|This is the Sahastrakoot Jinaya (1008 the Temple of [[Jainism|Jain]] statues) at Bhadrakali in Itury (10th Tirthankar the birthplace of [[Shitalanatha|Shitalnath]]). It is worshipped by assuming the Sahasrara [[Lingam|shivling]]
File:Bhadrakali Itkhori.jpg|Idols of Bhadrakali temple
</gallery>

==Healthcare==
According to the ''District Census Handbook, Chatra, 2011 census,'' Itkhori CD block had 13 villages with [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]], 21 villages with primary health subcentres, 18 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 6 villages with allopathic hospitals, 7 villages with dispensaries, 5 villages with veterinary hospitals, 2 villages with family welfare centres, 16 villages with medicine shops.<ref name=directory/>
 .*Note: Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{North Chotanagpur Division topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Chatra district]]

Itkhori block - Revision history

>Graeme Bartlett at 04:37, 25 January 2021