>AnomieBOT at 07:36, 13 October 2021

2021-10-13T07:36:02Z

New page

{{Short description|Species of butterfly}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = White orange tip
| image = White Orange Tip Ixias marianne Male by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN2082 (9).jpg
| image_caption = Male
| image2 = White Orange Tip Ixias marianne Female UP by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN2451 (1).jpg
| image2_caption = Female
| taxon = Ixias marianne
| authority = ([[Pieter Cramer|Cramer]], 1779)
}}

'''''Ixias marianne''''', the '''white orange tip''',<ref name=Smetacek/><ref name=funet/> is a small [[butterfly]] of the family [[Pieridae]], (the yellows and whites) found in [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]].<ref name=Smetacek>{{Cite book|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287980260|title=A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India |last1=Varshney |first1=R.K. |last2=Smetacek|first2=Peter|publisher=Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal & Indinov Publishing, New Delhi|year=2015|isbn=978-81-929826-4-9|location=New Delhi|pages=75|doi=10.13140/RG.2.1.3966.2164}}</ref><ref name=funet>{{cite web |last=Savela |first=Markku |url=http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/pieridae/pierinae/ixias/#marianne |title=''Ixias marianne'' (Cramer, [1779]) |website=Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms |access-date=July 2, 2018}}</ref>

==Description==
The characteristics of this species vary according to the season in which the [[Egg (biology)|eggs]] are laid.

=== Wet-season brood ===

The male has chalky-white [[Insect wing|wings]] with the apical half of the forewing and terminal margin of the hindwing broadly black. There is a broad, rich, orange patch obliquely across the black area extended to the upper apex of the forewing. At the lower apex this orange patch is very broad and leaves only the tip of the wing black along with a comparatively narrow band along the edge. The base of the wing is covered with black scales.<ref name="bingham"/>

The underside of the wing is a rich sulphur-yellow as in other species of the genus, and is covered with reddish brown, short, transverse striations and minute dots. The forewing has an orange patch on the upperside which can be plainly seen because of the transparency on the wing, a broadly triangular area below this cell white, large and prominent discocellular spots with a white centre. Both forewings and hindwings have a discal transverse series of reddish-brown spots, more or less conspicuous, the spots always centred with white. In other species in the genus these is characteristic of the dry-season broods. On the forewing the patch above the tornus is prominent and in some specimens very large. The [[Antenna (biology)|antennae]] are reddish brown and the head and thorax anteriorly are covered with reddish-brown hairs. The upperside of the thorax is grey with white hairs and the abdomen is black. The underside of the [[head]], [[thorax]] and [[abdomen]] are white.<ref name="bingham">{{Source-attribution|sentence=yes|{{cite book |last1=Bingham |first1=C.T. |author-link=Charles Thomas Bingham |title=The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma |url=https://archive.org/stream/butterflies02bingiala#page/196/mode/2up/ |volume=II |edition=1st |publisher= [[Taylor & Francis|Taylor and Francis, Ltd.]] |location=London |year=1907|pages=196–197}}}}</ref><ref name=SwinhoeIndica>{{Cite book|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103631#page/129/mode/1up|title=Lepidoptera Indica. Vol. VII |last=Swinhoe|first=Charles|author-link=Charles Swinhoe|publisher=Lovell Reeve and Co.|year=1905–1910|location=London|pages=115–117}}</ref>

[[File:White Orange Tip (Ixias marianne)- Male at Hodal I IMG 1204.jpg|190px|thumb|left|Dry-season brood, male at Hodal in Faridabad district of Haryana, India]]
The female is similar with the upper forewing having the orange patch on the black apical area narrower, posteriorly truncate and not extending so far down. There is also an outer transverse series of four black spots on the orange parch in interspaces 2 to 5. The underside is similar to that of the male but the markings are slightly larger. The antennae, head, thorax and abdomen are also similar.<ref name="bingham"/>

=== Dry-season brood ===
In both sexes this differs less from the wet-season form than it does in ''[[Ixias pyrene]]'' and ''[[Ixias verna]]''. The characteristic dry-season markings on the underside are more visible, on some occasions very much more pronounced.<ref name="bingham"/>

The wingspan in both sexes is 54–56 mm.

==Distribution==
The white orange tip is found from the north-west [[Himalayas]] to [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Bengal]], central, western and southern [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]].<ref name=Smetacek/><ref name=funet/>

==Food plants==
The food plant for the [[larva]]e is ''[[Capparis grandis]]'', a caper shrub in the family [[Capparaceae]].<ref>Kunte, K. 2006. Additions to known larval host plants of Indian butterflies. ''Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society'' 103(1):119-120</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of butterflies of India (Pieridae)]]

==References==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikispecies}}
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite book |last1=Evans |first1=W.H. |author-link=William Harry Evans |title=The Identification of Indian Butterflies |edition=2nd |location=Mumbai, India |publisher=[[Bombay Natural History Society]] |year=1932}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2911305}}

[[Category:Butterflies of Asia]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Pieter Cramer]]
[[Category:Butterflies described in 1779]]
[[Category:Teracolini]]

Ixias marianne - Revision history

>AnomieBOT at 07:36, 13 October 2021