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{{short description|Rajput clan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}

{{Infobox family
|name = Jadeja
|other_names =
|alt =
|coat_of_arms_caption =
|image = Jadeja Chief.JPG
|type =
|coat_of_arms =
|coat_of_arms_size =
|image_size =
|alt2 =
|image_caption = sketch of Jadeja Chief Bharvaji Jadeja, 1838, by Mrs Postans.
|parent_family =
|country = India and Pakistan
|founded = 1540
|founder = Jadaji
|current_head =
|dissolution =
|estate = [[Kutch State]] [[Nawanagar State]] [[Morvi State]] [[Dhrol State]] [[Gondal State]] [[Rajkot State]]
|region = [[Kutch]] [[Sindh]] [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]]
|members =
|connected_members =
|other_families = Rajput
|distinctions =
|traditions =
}}
The '''Jadeja''' (also spelled '''Jarejo''') ([[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]: {{Lang|gu|Jāḍejā}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shah|first=A. M.|last2=Shroff|first2=R. G.|date=1958|title=The Vahīvancā Bāroṭs of Gujarat: A Caste of Genealogists and Mythographers|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/538561|journal=The Journal of American Folklore|volume=71|pages=258|via=JSTOR}}</ref>) is a [[Rajput]] clan who claim to be descended from the legendary [[Jamshid|Jamshed]] of [[Iran]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Mario |last=Rodrigues |title=Batting for the Empire: A Political Biography of Ranjitsinhji |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d0puAAAAMAAJ |year=2003 |publisher=Penguin Books, 2003 |isbn=9780143029519 |page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=B. N. |last=Goswamy |title=A Place Apart: Painting in Kutch, 1720-1820 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FSUNAQAAIAAJ |year=1983 |publisher=Oxford University Press, 1983 |isbn=9780195613117 |page=7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=M. H. |last=Syed |title=History Of The Delhi Sultanate (Set Of 2 Vols.) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2zpIswEACAAJ |year=2004 |publisher=Anmol Publications Pvt. Limited, 2004 |isbn=9788126118304 |page=240}}</ref> They originated from [[pastoral]] communities and laid a claim on the Rajput identity after marriages with Sodha Rajput women.<ref name="Ibrahim2020">{{cite book|author=Farhana Ibrahim|title=Settlers, Saints and Sovereigns: An Ethnography of State Formation in Western India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rOYJEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT127|date=29 November 2020|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-00-008397-2|pages=127–|quote=The Jadejas entered the rank of Rajput society slowly from pastoralist pasts, as was frequently the norm in this region. Steady intermarriage between Jadeja men and Sodha Rajput women in Sindh enabled the former to lay claim to a Rajput identity.}}</ref>

==History==
The Jadejas originated from [[pastoral]] communities and laid a claim on the Rajput identity after marriages with Sodha Rajput women.<ref name="Ibrahim2020">{{cite book|author=Farhana Ibrahim|title=Settlers, Saints and Sovereigns: An Ethnography of State Formation in Western India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rOYJEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT127|date=29 November 2020|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-00-008397-2|pages=127–|quote=The Jadejas entered the rank of Rajput society slowly from pastoralist pasts, as was frequently the norm in this region. Steady intermarriage between Jadeja men and Sodha Rajput women in Sindh enabled the former to lay claim to a Rajput identity.}}</ref>
According to the sociologist Lyla Mehta, the Jadeja were Hindu descendants of a [[Muslims|Muslim]] [[Tribe|tribe]] that had migrated from [[Sindh]] to [[Cutch State|Kutch]].<ref name="Mehta2005">{{cite book|author=Lyla Mehta|title=The Politics and Poetics of Water: The Naturalisation of Scarcity in Western India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G-wgujkjzZkC&pg=PA113|year=2005|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-250-2869-7|pages=113–|quote=As stated in Chapter 3, the Jadeja Rajputs were the former rulers of Kutch and the Hindu descendants of a Muslim tribe that migrated to Kutch from Sind.}}</ref> The Jadejas emerged as a clan in the [[14th century]].{{Sfn|Shah|Shroff|1958|p=265}}

Mujahid Khan II, the ruler of [[Palanpur]] was married to a Jadeja lady Manbai. This mixture of Muslim and Rajput blood among the rulers of Palanpur was the reason behind the popularity enjoyed by them. He then constructed a Mansarovar tank, named after her.<ref>{{cite book |title=Gujarat State Gazetteers: Banaskantha District |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eCMbAAAAIAAJ |year=1981 |publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State, 1981 |page=104}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Manekshah Sorabshah |last=Commissariat |title=A History of Gujarat: Mughal period, from 1573 to 1758 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BFZuAAAAMAAJ |year=1957 |publisher=Longmans, Green & Company, Limited, 1957 |page=132}}</ref>

A Jadeja dynasty ruled the [[Cutch State|princely state of Kutch]] between 1540 and 1948, at which time India became a [[Independence of India|republic]]. This state had been formed by king [[Khengarji I]], who gathered under him twelve Jadeja noble landowning families, who were also related to him, as well as two noble families of the [[Waghela]] community. Khengarji and his successors retained the allegiance of these ''Bhayat'' (chieftains) until the mid-18th century.<ref>{{cite conference |url=http://www.sasnet.lu.se/EASASpapers/23McLeod.pdf |first=John |last=Mcleod |title=The Rise and Fall of the Kutch Bhayati |publisher=Eighteenth European Conference on Modern South Asian Studies, University of Lund |date=6–9 July 2004 |pages=1–5 |access-date=13 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307204736/http://www.sasnet.lu.se/EASASpapers/23McLeod.pdf |archive-date=7 March 2012}}</ref> They claimed legendary descent from [[Krishna]].<ref>{{cite conference |url=http://www.sasnet.lu.se/EASASpapers/23McLeod.pdf |first=John |last=Mcleod |title=The Rise and Fall of the Kutch Bhayati |publisher=Eighteenth European Conference on Modern South Asian Studies, University of Lund |date=6–9 July 2004 |pages=5 |access-date=13 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307204736/http://www.sasnet.lu.se/EASASpapers/23McLeod.pdf |archive-date=7 March 2012 }}</ref> However, historians state that such claims of illustrious descent though common among Rajput clans have no historical basis.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=47, I |year=1986 |pages=536–542 |publisher=[[Indian History Congress]] |title=Emergence of Kingship, Rajputization and a New Economic Arrangement in Mundaland |first=Sivaji |last=Koyal |jstor=44141600}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=André Wink |title=Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7Th-11th Centuries |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g2m7_R5P2oAC&pg=PA282 |year=2002 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=0-391-04173-8 |pages=282 |quote=In short, a process of development occurred which after several centuries culminated in the formation of new groups with the identity of 'Rajputs'. The predecessors of the Rajputs, from about the eighth century, rose to politico-military prominence as an open status group or estate of largely illiterate warriors who wished to consider themselves as the reincarnates of the ancient Indian Kshatriyas. The claim of Kshatriyas was, of course, historically completely unfounded. The Rajputs as well as other autochthonous Indian gentry groups who claimed Kshatriya status by way of putative Rajput descent, differed widely from the classical varna of Kshatriyas which, as depicted in literature, was made of aristocratic, urbanite and educated clans...}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=History in Africa (vol.3) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RPIEAQAAIAAJ |year=1976 |publisher=African Studies Association |editor=David Henige |editor-link=David Henige |author=Norman Ziegler|page=150| quote=: Rajputs were, with some exceptions, almost totally illiterate as a caste group}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Reinhard Bendix|title=Max Weber: An Intellectual Portrait|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C_j_2nOUIpcC&pg=PA180|year=1998|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-17453-4|pages=180–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Brajadulal Chattopadhyaya |title=The Making of Early Medieval India |chapter=Origin of the Rajputs: The Political, Economic and Social Processes in Early Medieval Rajasthan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AmVuAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1994 |isbn=9780195634150 |page=59}}</ref>

Among other territories or [[princely state]]s ruled by Jadeja before independence of India, were [[Dhrol]],<ref>Gazetteers: Jamnagar District, Gujarat (India) - 1970 - Page 614 Before the integration of States, Dhrol was a Class II State founded by Jam Hardholji, the brother of Jam Raval, who hailed from the ruling Jadeja Darbar family of Kutch.</ref> [[Morvi]],<ref>{{cite book|title=Rajkot|year=1964|publisher=India. Superintendent of Census Operations, Gujarat|pages=45–46|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s6oWAQAAMAAJ}}</ref> [[Rajkot State|Rajkot]], [[Nawanagar State|Nawanagar]],<ref name="mcclenaghan">{{cite book|title=Indian Princely Medals: A Record of the Orders, Decorations, and Medals of ... By Tony McClenaghan|year=1996|page=207|isbn=9781897829196|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YQdZlHJ2WTAC&pg=PA207|last1=McClenaghan|first1=Tony}}</ref> and [[Virpur State|Virpur]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Gazetteers: Rajkot District|year=1965|publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications|page=36|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZkRuAAAAMAAJ}}</ref>

==Culture==
Although the [[British Raj|British rulers]] found the tradition distasteful, the Jadeja's high social status and the rigid caste system that forbade intermarriage with lower social groups contributed to the community's tradition of [[female infanticide]] because it was difficult and costly to arrange suitable marriages for female offspring, with substantial dowries often being required. The Jadejas believed that a Rajput man could only marry a woman from a Rajput caste below him, and a Rajput father could only give his daughter's hand in marriage to a Rajput caste above him. To intermarry within the caste was considered [[incest]].<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1973|title=Museum Bulletin|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Museum_Bulletin/uc0r5drrRqAC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Jadeja+caste&dq=Jadeja+caste&printsec=frontcover|journal=Museum and Picture Gallery, Baroda|volume=26|pages=47}}</ref> Since the Jadejas were the highest Rajput clan in [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] and [[Kutch district|Kutch]], they had no Rajput clans to give their daughters to and thus practiced female infanticide. When the British outlawed female infanticide, Jadeja chiefs began letting their daughters live and married them to other Rajput chiefs of equal status.{{sfn|Shah|Shroff|1958|p=265}} The practice continues to some degree today, although where modern facilities are available it may take the form of [[female foeticide]].<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Female Infanticide, Property and the Colonial State |first=L. S. |last=Vishwanath |title=Sex-Selective Abortion in India: Gender, Society and New Reproductive Technologies |editor-first=Tulsi |editor-last=Patel |year=2006 |pages=275, 278–282 |publisher=SAGE |isbn=9780761935391 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UegqZBISwBYC |access-date=13 September 2012}}</ref>

The principal deity of the Jadejas was [[Ashapura Mata]] (Hope-Giving Mother).<ref>{{Cite book|last1=De Neve|first1=Geert|title=The Meaning of the Local: Politics of Place in Urban India|last2=Donner|first2=Henrike|publisher=Taylor and Francis|year=2007|pages=221}}</ref>

Gujarat's Jadeja Rajputs who were called "[[Muslim|half-Muslim]]" would employ Muslim [[Africa|African]] [[Siddi]] slaves for cooking.<ref name="Visweswaran2011">{{cite book|editor=Kamala Visweswaran| author= Shail Mayaram|title=Perspectives on Modern South Asia: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m-EYXNnvMugC&pg=PA18|date=6 May 2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4051-0062-5|pages=18–|quote=Helena Basu points out that the Jadeja Rajputs of Gujarat who were described as 'half Muslim' employed African Sidi(Muslim) slaves as cooks}}</ref>

Layla Mehta, a sociologist, who made studies in Kutch in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, noticed a trend in Jadejas that was unusual for other communities. In gender-based labour such as fetching water, while other communities sent women and girls to fetch the water, the Jadeja men fetched the water from the well and exercised clout at the wells and intimidated many women and girls there. This exception of men fetching the water for the household was due to the custom of ''ojjal'', which barred Jadeja women from being in public.<ref name="Mehta2005-166">{{cite book|author=Lyla Mehta|title=The Politics and Poetics of Water: The Naturalisation of Scarcity in Western India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G-wgujkjzZkC&pg=PA166|year=2005|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-250-2869-7|pages=166|quote=One notable exception is the Jadeja community. As their women are barred from the public realm due to the ojjal system, Jadeja men fetch water for their households.[...]Jadeja men exercise the greatest clout and power at the wells and intimidate many women, especially young Harijan girls.}}</ref>

==Notable people==
*[[Jam Rawal]] - founder of [[Nawanagar State]].<ref name="mcclenaghan"/>
*[[Khengarji III]] - Ruler of [[Cutch State]] [[List of longest-reigning monarchs|one of the longest ruling monarchs of the world]] who represented India in year 1921 in [[League of Nations]] and [[Imperial Conference]].<ref>[https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/research/groups/conferencing-the-international/documents/india-office-guides/rtc2-biographical-notes.pdf]</ref>
*[[Madansinhji]] - last ruler of Cutch and Tennis player who represented India [[Davis Cup]] in 1936 and [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] in 1937.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.db4tennis.com/players/male/meghrajji-bahadur|title=Meghrajji Bahadur's GS Performance Timeline & Stats|publisher=db4tennis.com|access-date=16 November 2015}}</ref>
* [[Rajendrasinhji Jadeja]] - the first [[Chief of staff#Military|Chief of Army Staff]] of the Indian army and later [[Commander-in-Chief]] of the Indian armed forces and head the [[Indian Army]] - hailing from the ruling family of the [[Nawanagar State]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sBgPAQAAIAAJ&q=General+Maharaj+Rajendrasinhji+Nawanagar|title=Gazette of India|year=1953|page=1475|quote=Major General M. S. Pratapsinhji; 2. Major General M. S. Himatsinhji; 3. Maharaj Shri Duleepsinhji; and 4. Lieutenant General M. S. Rajendrasinhji; members of the family of the Ruler of Nawanagar for the purposes...}}</ref>
*[[Ranjitsinhji]] - former [[Indian cricketer]] and on whom [[Ranji Trophy]] is named.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sen|first=Satadru|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ER-SVOdIGXYC&q=Ranjitsinhji+rajput&pg=PA71|title=Disciplined Natives: Race, Freedom and Confinement in Colonial India|date=2012|publisher=Primus Books|isbn=978-93-80607-31-3|language=en}}</ref>
*[[Duleepsinhji]], nephew of K. S. Ranjitsinhji, noted cricketer, later served as High Commissioner of India in several countries.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kumar Shri Duleepsinhji|url=http://www.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/makingbritain/content/kumar-shri-duleepsinhji|publisher=The Open University Making Britain|access-date=20 June 2013}}</ref> after whom [[Duleep Trophy]] is named.<ref name="ICC">{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/691775 |title=Royalty on the cricket field |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref>
*[[Himmatsinhji M. K.]] - a noted ornithologist, politician hailing from ruling family of [[Cutch State|Cutch]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Kutch's royal family member passes away|url=http://m.oneindia.in/news/2008/02/22/kutchs-royal-family-member-passes-away-1203674740.html|access-date=20 June 2013|newspaper=One India News|date=22 February 2008}}</ref>
*[[Ajay Jadeja]] - noted cricketer hailing from ruling family of Nawanagar.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Journal of Indo-judaic Studies , Volumes 1-4|year=1998|publisher=Society for Indo-Judaic Studies|page=95|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a9wsAQAAIAAJ&q=ajay+jadeja+royal|quote=Four generations of the Jamnagar royal family have played test cricket: Ranji and Duleep for England and Indrajit and Ajay Jadeja for India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=I am suffering irreparably: Ajay Jadeja|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune-times/I-am-suffering-irreparably-Ajay-Jadeja/articleshow/33617885.cms|access-date=25 June 2013|newspaper=Times of India|date=7 January 2003}}</ref>
* [[Ravindra Jadeja]] - Indian international cricketer.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Yadav|first=Jyoti|date=15 April 2020|title=Ravindra Jadeja must stop being a 'Rajput boy' and grow up to be a cricketer|work=ThePrint|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/pov/ravindra-jadeja-must-stop-being-a-rajput-boy-and-grow-up-to-be-a-cricketer/402251/}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Rajputisation]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
{{Sister project links|display=Jadeja|wikt=no|c=Jadeja|commonscat=yes|n=no|q=no|s=no|author=no|b=no|voy=no|v=no|d=y|species=no|species_author=no|m=no|mw=no|position=right}}
*{{cite book |title=The Politics and Poetics of Water: The Naturalisation of Scarcity in Western India |first=Lyla |last=Mehta |publisher=Orient Blackswan |location=New Delhi |year=2005|isbn=9788125028697 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G-wgujkjzZkC}}
*{{cite book |title=International Law Reports |volume=50 |editor-first=E. |editor-last=Lauterpacht |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1976|isbn=9780521463959 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sM35IwUWriEC}}
*{{cite book |title=Kutch: In Festival And Custom |first=K. S. |last=Dilipsinh |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |location=New Delhi |year=2004 |isbn=9788124109984 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oPUFiGRH07IC}}
*{{cite book |title=Migrant Races: Empire, Identity and K.S. Ranjitsinhji |first=Satadru |last=Sen |publisher=Manchester University Press |year=2005 |isbn=9780719069260 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C8mcX1JigJ8C}}

{{Rajput Groups of India}}
{{Social groups of Gujarat}}{{Portal-inline|Society}}
[[Category:Hindu dynasties]]
[[Category:History of Gujarat]]
[[Category:History of Rajkot]]
[[Category:Rajput clans of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Tribes of Kutch]]

Jadeja - Revision history

CleanupBot at 12:28, 29 January 2022