Ayman at 08:37, 23 February 2026

2026-02-23T08:37:32Z

New page

{{Short description|Indian politician (1922–1974)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Babu Jagdeo Prasad Kushwaha
| image = File:Jagdev Prasad Statue.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Statue of Jagdeo Prasad near Jagdeo Path, Bir Chand Patel Path ([[Patna]])
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1922|02|02}}
| birth_place = Kurhari, [[Jahanabad district]], [[Bihar]], India
| death_date = {{nowrap|{{death date and given age|1974|09|05|52}}}}
| death_place = Kurtha, [[Jahanabad district]], [[Bihar]], India
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| other_names =
| movement = Bihar Movement
| education =
| alma_mater = [[Patna University]]
| party = Shoshit Samaj Dal
| spouse =
| children =
| father = Prayag Narayan Dangi
| mother = Raskali
| awards =
| signature =
| footnotes =
| website =
}}

'''Babu Jagdeo Prasad Kushwaha''' (2 February 1922 – 5 September 1974), alternatively spelled as '''Jagdev Prasad''' and popularly known as '''Jagdev Babu''',<ref>{{Cite web|last=पटेल|first=Anoop Patel अनूप|date=2016-10-22|title=Jagdev Prasad: Bihar's Lenin|url=https://www.forwardpress.in/2016/10/babu-jagdev-prasad-bahujans-real-hero/|access-date=2022-02-20|website=Forward Press|language=en-US|archive-date=23 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023185358/https://www.forwardpress.in/2016/10/babu-jagdev-prasad-bahujans-real-hero/|url-status=live}}</ref> was an Indian politician and a member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] who served as [[Bihar|Bihar's]] deputy chief minister<ref>{{Cite web|title='Lenin' waits wrapped in plastic|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/lenin-waits-wrapped-in-plastic/cid/1668125|archive-url=
https://web.archive.org/web/20220527181534/https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/lenin-waits-wrapped-in-plastic/cid/1668125|access-date=2022-02-20|website=www.telegraphindia.com|archive-date=27 May 2022}}</ref> in 1968 for four days in the [[Satish Prasad Singh]] cabinet. A great [[Socialism|socialist]] and a proponent of [[Arjak Sangh|Arjak culture]], he was the founder of Shoshit Dal (later Shoshit Samaj Dal) and was a staunch antagonist and critic of India's [[Caste system in India|caste system]]. He was nicknamed as the "[[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]] of Bihar".<ref>{{Cite news|agency=Press Trust of India|date=2015-10-12|title=Modi uses Bihar minister's sting video to attack Nitish, Lalu|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/modi-uses-bihar-minister-s-sting-video-to-attack-nitish-lalu-115101200468_1.html|access-date=2022-02-20|archive-date=20 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220140917/https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/modi-uses-bihar-minister-s-sting-video-to-attack-nitish-lalu-115101200468_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kumar 2018 p. ">{{cite book | last=Kumar | first=S. | title=Post-Mandal Politics in Bihar: Changing Electoral Patterns | publisher=SAGE Publications | series=SAGE Series on Politics in Indian States | year=2018 | isbn=978-93-5280-587-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2zhODwAAQBAJ | access-date=2024-01-24 | page=39}}</ref>

==Biography==
Prasad was a member of the [[Dangi people]] [[caste system in India|caste]],<ref name="kumar39"/> and was referred to as the "Lenin of Bihar" due to his charisma.<ref>{{cite book | last=Sinha | first=A. | title=Nitish Kumar and the Rise of Bihar | publisher=Viking | year=2011 | isbn=978-0-670-08459-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rT2xWp_iTCYC&pg=PA95 |page=95}}</ref> He led the [[Shoshit Samaj Dal]]<ref name="tiwari"/> and during the early 1970s, at the height of the caste tensions known as the [[Bihar Movement]], he was able to attract much support from both members of the [[Other Backward Class]]es and the [[Dalit]]s in their opposition to upper-caste landlords.<ref name="kumar39"/> Jagdeo Prasad's son, [[Nagmani Kushwaha|Nagmani]] is a veteran politician who started his career from his father's party itself. He later joined [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] and remained minister in RJD government.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/politics/bihar-seat-sharing-amit-shah-had-no-time-to-meet-kushwaha-rlsp-leaders-upset|title=bihar-seat-sharing-amit-shah-had-no-time-to-meet-kushwaha-rlsp-leaders-upset|website=Nationalheraldindia.com|first=Suroor|last=Ahmed|access-date=2020-07-14|archive-date=17 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717023147/https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/politics/bihar-seat-sharing-amit-shah-had-no-time-to-meet-kushwaha-rlsp-leaders-upset|url-status=live}}</ref> The former Chief Minister of Bihar, [[Satish Prasad Singh]], who held the office for shortest tenure in Bihar's history as a nominee of Shoshit Samaj Dal, was brother in law of Jagdeo Prasad.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Three-days-chief minister' Satish Prasad Singh dies of COVID-19|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/three-days-chief-minister-satish-prasad-singh-dies-of-covid-19|author=Law Kumar Mishra|publisher=[[The Free Press Journal]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114152558/https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/three-days-chief-minister-satish-prasad-singh-dies-of-covid-19|access-date=2 November 2020|archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>

Born in Kurhari village, [[Jehanabad district|Jahanabad]] district of Bihar, Jagdeo Prasad went to Jahanabad town for higher studies. He further moved to [[Patna University]], from where he pursued his post graduation. Prasad is said to have revolutionary mindset since his early childhood, as in his adolescence, he fought to end prevailing practices like "Panchkathia System", in which farmers had to leave ''5 katta'' of their land for the elephant of landlord to graze.<ref name="Patel">{{cite web|url=https://www.forwardpress.in/2016/10/babu-jagdev-prasad-bahujans-real-hero/|title=babu-jagdev-prasad-bahujans-real-hero|first=ANOOP|last=PATEL |website=forward press|date=2016-05-05|access-date= 2020-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023185358/https://www.forwardpress.in/2016/10/babu-jagdev-prasad-bahujans-real-hero/|archive-date= 2016-10-23|url-status=live}}</ref>

Later, he came into contact with [[Chandradeo Prasad Verma]], who persuaded him to study the political philosophers to know the prevalent societal condition in depth. Prasad agreed and soon he became sympathetic to ideology of [[socialism]]; he joined [[Samyukta Socialist Party]] and in the days of ideological wars between [[Ram Manohar Lohia]] and [[Jayprakash Narayan]], he chose to go with Lohia. Jagdeo also became editor of the magazine of [[Samyukta Socialist Party|SSP]] called ''Janata''. Later he moved to [[Hyderabad]] and started editing two more magazines ''Uday'' and ''Citizen''. His ideas brought great fame to the magazines but he had to face intimidation from orthodox section of society. This led him to leave the magazine and move to [[Patna]] once again.<ref name="Patel"/>

Though, initially he remained an active member of SSP, he later realised that the fruits of labour of many are reaped by few in the party and given his ideological difference with Lohia, he resigned and formed a new party called Shoshit Samaj Party (SSP).
He also remained active member of [[Arjak Sangh]], a platform led by [[Ramswaroop Verma]].<ref name="Patel"/>
The [[Shoshit Samaj Dal|Shoshit Samaj Party]] was more a revolutionary organisation than a political party as it urged the landless labourers to grab the lands of landlords, a practice which gave rise to a number of caste armies and private senas in Bihar.<ref>{{cite book | last=Sinha | first=A. | title=Nitish Kumar and the Rise of Bihar | pages=82–83 | publisher=Viking | year=2011 | isbn=978-0-670-08459-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rT2xWp_iTCYC&pg=PA82 | access-date=7 April 2015 | archive-date=27 July 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727033052/https://books.google.com/books?id=rT2xWp_iTCYC&pg=PA82 | url-status=live }}</ref>
{{quote box
| quote = "Das ka shashan nabbe par, 
Nahin chalega, nahin chalega 
Sau mein nabbe shoshit hain, 
Nabbe bhag hamara hai, 
Dhan, dharti aur rajpaat mein, 
Nabbe bhaag hamara hai"

"''The rule of ten over ninety cannot continue'' 
''Ninety of hundred are exploited'' 
''We are owners of ninety parts'' 
''We have ninety per cent share in wealth, land and power''"
| source = —Jagdeo Prasad <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/arwal-the-threeday-jagdev-fair-started-with-the-rally-19994455.html|title=Translation: Three day-jagdev-fair-started-with-the-rally|website=Jagran.com|quote=First the flag of the Shoshit Samaj Dal was hoisted at the place of martyrdom by the national president of the party, Raghuni Ram Shastri and the flag song was sung. After laying a wreath at the memorial, the party workers took out a huge procession with musical instruments that reached the fair complex through various routes. People involved in the procession were chanting the popular slogan of; The rule of ten over ninety cannot continue Ninety of hundred are exploited We are owners of ninety parts We have ninety per cent share in wealth, land and power|access-date=2020-09-14|archive-date=14 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200914170623/https://www.jagran.com/bihar/arwal-the-threeday-jagdev-fair-started-with-the-rally-19994455.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| width = 240px
| align = left
| salign = right
| bgcolor = #F0FFF0
}}
Due to his critic of upper caste dominance, Prasad many a times is branded as Anti-[[forward caste]]. He remained [[Deputy Chief Minister]] of Bihar for a brief period of time when SSP was at peak. Prasad was called as Bihar's Lenin in his lifetime due to his radical views, he also coined the politically radical slogan of:
{{blockquote|"Abki saal ke bhadon mein, gori ungli kado mein (next paddy sowing season will see the slim white fingers of upper caste women in mud, transplanting paddy)"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/arwal-the-threeday-jagdev-fair-started-with-the-rally-19994455.html|title =Lenin-waits-wrapped-in-plastic|website=The Telegraph|first=Farhana|last=Kalam|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20200914170623/https://www.jagran.com/bihar/arwal-the-threeday-jagdev-fair-started-with-the-rally-19994455.html|quote= Besides being called as Bihar's Lenin in his lifetime, Prasad coined the politically radical slogan of Abki saal ke bhadon mein, gori ungli kado mein (next paddy sowing season will see the slim white fingers of upper caste women in mud, transplanting paddy),
| access-date=2020-07-14|archive-date =14 September 2020}}</ref>}}

Prasad was also a firm believer in the principles of [[Arjak Sangh]]. As a consequence of which, he became a critic of priesthood and the numerous rituals promoted by the Brahmin priests. His ideology was primarily based on welfare of the [[Other Backward Class|Backwards]]. As a result of his activism, many people belonging to [[Kushwaha]] community stopped calling Brahmins for any of their rituals.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/patna-jagdev-prasad-son-nagmani-not-successful-to-handle-his-fathers-legacy-who-is-his-real-political-heir-nodgm-2827612.html|title=नागमणि नहीं संभाल सके पिता की विरासत, आखिर बिहार में 'जगदेव प्रसाद' का राजनीतिक उत्तराधिकारी कौन?|website=news18|accessdate=30 April 2023}}</ref>

===Formation of first Backward Caste led government===
[[File:Satish Prasad Singh CM.gif|thumb|150px|Historic portrait of Satish Prasad Singh; Singh was Chief Minister of Bihar for shortest tenure. He assumed the premiership after Shoshit Samaj Party aligned with Congress.]]
In 1967, Prasad was with [[Ram Manohar Lohia]] and the formation of first non-[[Indian National Congress|Congress]] government took place in the state of Bihar. The erstwhile governments used to remain dominated by the forward castes and Lohia had coined a slogan: ''Sansopa ki yahi hai maang, picchda pawe sau me sath''<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SVu8CgAAQBAJ&pg=PT23|page=23|last=Singh|first=S.|year=2015|title= Ruled Or Misruled: Story and Destiny of Bihar|place= India|publisher= Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=9789385436420 |access-date=19 April 2023|archive-date=19 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419204732/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=SVu8CgAAQBAJ&pg=PT23&dq=|url-status=live}}</ref> (the Samyukta Socialist Party demands 60% share in the power for the Backwards). Prasad was attracted to Lohia, because of his claim to get proper representation for the [[Other Backward Class]] (OBCs) in the new government. But, in this government, the Backward Caste leaders were not given proper representation. In fact, as per reports, the less educated upper caste leaders were given important ministerial portfolios and the highly educated Backward Caste leaders were allotted ministerial births of minor significance.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/opinion/life-of-jagdev-prasad-the-leader-of-bihar-know-about-him-513073.html|title=जब जगदेव प्रसाद ने दिया था, "सौ में नब्बे शोषित हैं और नब्बे भाग हमारा है" का नारा|website=TV9 Bharatvarsh|accessdate=19 April 2023|archive-date=5 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905030128/https://www.tv9hindi.com/opinion/life-of-jagdev-prasad-the-leader-of-bihar-know-about-him-513073.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Prasad, hence toppled the government by causing a defection of his loyal [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLAs]] ([[Mahamaya Prasad Sinha]] was heading this government<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VTQPEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT64|title=JP to BJP: Bihar after Lalu and Nitish|author=Santosh Singh|publisher=SAGE Publishing India|year=2020|access-date=2021-01-04|isbn=978-9353886660|pages=64–65|archive-date=19 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419204733/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=VTQPEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT64&dq=|url-status=live}}</ref> ). He formed his own party called Shoshit Samaj Dal and this party became instrumental in forming the governments between 1967 and 1972. In this period, different governments were formed, but since the ambition of Prasad of giving the OBCs representation they need was not being fulfilled, he used to pull out his support and toppled every government in the end.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/navbharatgold/day-today/jagdev-prasad-who-brought-the-politics-of-the-backwards-and-dalits-in-bihar/story/78911619.cms|title=90 फ़ीसदी मांगने वाले जगदेव के साथ क्या हुआ?|website=Navbharat Gold|accessdate=19 April 2023|archive-date=5 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905043426/https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/navbharatgold/day-today/jagdev-prasad-who-brought-the-politics-of-the-backwards-and-dalits-in-bihar/story/78911619.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

Prasad later played important role in formation of first Backward Caste led government in the state of Bihar. This government was supported by 31 MLAs loyal to Prasad as well as [[Indian National Congress]]'s MLAs.
[[Satish Prasad Singh]] and [[Bindeshwari Prasad Mandal]] were appointed as [[Chief Minister]]s consecutively.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/news/jagdev-prasad-birth-anniversary-in-patna-jagdev-prasad-in-bihar-politics-bihar-bhaskar-latest-news-130855489.html|title=जगदेव प्रसाद की जयंती पर विवाद!:जगदेव प्रसाद ने सवर्ण राजनीति को जवाब दिया था, 90 के बाद बिहार में पिछड़े ही CM रहे|website=bhaskar.com|accessdate=19 April 2023|archive-date=31 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131230444/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/news/jagdev-prasad-birth-anniversary-in-patna-jagdev-prasad-in-bihar-politics-bihar-bhaskar-latest-news-130855489.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Prasad was killed by police on 5 September 1974 while leading a protest involving 20,000 people. There have been claims that his death was ordered by a minister in the [[Government of Bihar]],<ref name="kumar39">{{cite book |title=Post-Mandal Politics in Bihar: Changing Electoral Patterns |first=Sanjay |last=Kumar |publisher=SAGE Publishing India |year=2018 |isbn=978-9-35280-587-7 |page=39 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2zhODwAAQBAJ&pg=PA39 |access-date=18 June 2020 |archive-date=9 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709004408/https://books.google.com/books?id=2zhODwAAQBAJ&pg=PA39 |url-status=live }}</ref> although police said that the protesters were not peaceful, as claimed, and instead were armed.
[[Vinayak Prasad Yadav]], then a member of the [[Samyukta Socialist Party]], resigned from the [[Legislative Assembly of Bihar]] in protest of this killing at [[Kurtha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kurtha]].<ref name="tiwari">{{cite book |title=Democracy and Dissent: A Case Study of the Bihar Movement, 1974-75 |first=Lalan |last=Tiwari |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=1987 |isbn=978-8-17099-008-6 |pages=86–87 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=td6zIMI_pwAC&pg=PA86 |access-date=18 June 2020 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626184738/https://books.google.com/books?id=td6zIMI_pwAC&pg=PA86 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Legacy==
[[File:Stamp of India - 2001 - Colnect 160767 - Jagdeo Prasad.jpeg|thumb|Jagdeo Prasad featured on Indian postage stamp (2001)]]
Prasad is considered as an icon of [[social justice]] politics by the regional political parties in state of Bihar. Many political parties of Bihar celebrates the anniversary of Prasad and there also exists a place in [[Patna]] named after him. In 2023, [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] and [[Janata Dal (United)]], the ruling political parties of the state of Bihar then organised the celebration of anniversary of Prasad in Patna with the aim of mobilising the members of [[Kushwaha]] or the [[Koeri]] caste. While Rashtriya Janata Dal gave the responsibility to organise the celebration event to [[Alok Kumar Mehta]], its ally Janata Dal United organised it separately. Another organisation called Mahatma Phule Samata Parishad, led by [[Upendra Kushwaha]] also organised it separately despite the opposition from the Janata Dal United leadership.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/rjd-bid-to-reach-out-to-kushwaha-community/articleshow/97788546.cms|title=Bihar: Rashtriya Janata Dal bid to reach out to Kushwaha community|website=Times of India|access-date=31 March 2023|archive-date=16 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316100805/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/rjd-bid-to-reach-out-to-kushwaha-community/articleshow/97788546.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/bihar/state/patna/upendra-kushwaha-and-jdu-separately-orgnaise-jagdev-jayanti/bh20230131203723697697780|title=Bihar Politics: शहीद जगदेव जयंती के बहाने शक्ति प्रदर्शन का खेल, उपेंद्र कुशवाहा और JDU में ठनी|website=Etv Bharat|language=hi|accessdate=31 March 2023|archive-date=31 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331102412/https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/bihar/state/patna/upendra-kushwaha-and-jdu-separately-orgnaise-jagdev-jayanti/bh20230131203723697697780|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Sumitra Devi (politician)|Sumitra Devi]]
*[[Upendra Nath Verma]]
*[[Other Backward Class]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book |title=Community Warriors: State, Peasants and Caste Armies in Bihar |first=Ashwani |last=Kumar |publisher=Anthem Press |year=2008 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=num2I4NFGqIC |isbn=978-1-84331-709-8}}
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=piwpDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT89|title= The Making of the Dalit Public in North India: Uttar Pradesh 1950–Present|author=Badri Narayan|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2011|
isbn=978-0199088454|access-date=2021-01-04}}
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0bo0AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT107|title= Kanshiram: Leader of the Dalits|author=Badri Narayan|
publisher=Penguin UK|year=2014|
isbn=978-9351186700|access-date=2020-01-04}}
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-rMW03l_gx0C&pg=PA268|title= India's Silent Revolution: The Rise of the Lower Castes in North India
|author=Christophe Jaffrelot|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers|year= 2003|
isbn=1850653984|access-date=2020-01-04}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prasad, Jagdeo}}
[[Category:1922 births]]
[[Category:Indian political philosophers]]
[[Category:1974 deaths]]
[[Category:Political repression in India]]
[[Category:Indian politicians assassinated in the 20th century]]
[[Category:People murdered in Bihar]]
[[Category:People shot dead by law enforcement officers in India]]
[[Category:People from Jehanabad district]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Bihar]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 1969–1972]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 1967–1969]]

Jagdeo Prasad - Revision history

Ayman at 08:37, 23 February 2026