2001:8F8:2D16:53DB:0:0:661D:4F01 at 06:42, 25 December 2022

2022-12-25T06:42:07Z

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{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Jagdish Tytler
| image = Jagdish Tytler in Mumbai on January 6, 2005.jpg
| caption = Jagdish Tytler in 2005
| birth_name = Jagdish Kapoor
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1944|08|17|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Gujranwala]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British India]]<br> (now in [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]])
| nationality = [[India]]n
| residence = [[New Delhi]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Minister of State]]
| term_start = {{Start date|1991||}}
| term_end = {{end date|1996||}}
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| known_for =
| spouse =
| children =
| website =
| footnotes =
| years_active =
}}
'''Jagdish Tytler''' (born '''Jagdish Kapoor'''; 17 August 1944) is an Indian politician and former [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]]. He has held several government positions, the last being as Minister of State for Overseas Indian Affairs, a post from which he resigned after publication of a report by an official commission of inquiry, known as the [[Nanavati Commission]]. The commission had noted that he "very probably" had a hand in organising attacks on the [[Sikh]] community in Delhi after Sikh bodyguards assassinated the [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]], [[Indira Gandhi]], during the [[1984 anti-Sikh riots]]. He has not been charged with any crimes related to those riots.

Currently he is serving as permanent committee member of Delhi Pradesh Congress Committee.

Due to the controversy concerning his involvement in the riots, the Congress party dropped his name as the candidate for the [[2009 Indian general election|2009 Lok Sabha elections]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=2d39AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA95 Changing Electoral Politics in Delhi: From Caste to Class], SAGE, p.95, Sanjay Kumar</ref>

== Early days ==
Tytler was born on 17 August 1944 as Jagdish Kapoor to a Hindu father and Sikh mother in the [[Punjab]]i family of [[Gujranwala]] in [[British India]].<ref name="Bartrop">{{cite book |author1=Bartrop, Paul R. |author-link1=Paul R. Bartrop |title=A Biographical Encyclopedia of Contemporary Genocide: Portraits of Evil and Good |date=2012 |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |isbn=978-0313386787 |page=318 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=55NPpA6EvyMC&pg=PA318 |access-date=2 July 2019 |quote=Jagdish Tytler is a former Indian federal minister accused in several official commissions with responsibility for facilitating murderous anti-Sikh riots and massacres in 1984 but subsequently cleared by police. He was born on January 11, 1944, as Jagdish Kapoor, in the city of Gujranwala, Punjab, to a Hindu father and a Sikh mother.}}</ref> He was brought up by the educationist [[James Douglas Tytler]], the founder of many public schools including the [[Delhi Public School Society|Delhi Public School]] and the [[Summer Fields School New Delhi|Summer Fields School]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=1971 |title=Bio-Data of Jagdish Singh Tytler |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040628073826/http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=1971 |archive-date=2004-06-28 |publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India |date=14 July 2004}}</ref> In 2011, his entry into the [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Jagannath Temple]] at [[Puri]], which is reserved only for Hindus, caused questions about his religion, to be raised in the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/ruckus-in-orissa-assembly-over-tytler-s-jagannath-temple-visit-94812 |title=Ruckus in Orissa assembly over Tytler's Jagannath Temple visit |work=NDTV |agency=PTI |date=28 March 2011 |access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref> Tytler denied having converted to Christianity, and stated that he had changed his name to show his gratitude towards James Douglas Tytler, who had brought him up.<ref name=telegraph12>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/odisha/jagdish-tytler-clarifies-bjd-cries-riots-politics-over-temple-trip-takes-centre-stage-as-congress-leader-is-back-in-state/cid/420772|title=Jagdish Tytler clarifies, BJD cries riots - Politics over temple trip takes centre stage as Congress leader is back in state|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>

As a member of Congress' youth organization he was first elected to the [[Lok Sabha]] in [[1980 Indian general election|1980]]. He served as a Union Minister first in the Civil Aviation department and then in the Labor department. He was re-elected in [[1991 Indian general election|1991]] and served as the Union [[Minister of State]] for Surface Transport. In [[2004 Indian general election|2004]], he was re-elected to the Lok Sabha.<ref name="bio">{{cite web |url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=2942&lastls=14 |title=Fourteenth Lok Sabha: Members Bioprofile |publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat |access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref>

==1984 anti-Sikh Genocide ==
Tytler has been accused of involvement in the 1984 anti-Sikh riots in India, a charge that he denies. The riots had occurred after Sikh bodyguards [[Assassination of Indira Gandhi|assassinated]] Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. Tytler stated that he was present at [[Teen Murti Bhavan]] for the funeral ceremony with Gandhi's body and was in mourning at the time when these events occurred at Gurudwara Pulbangash, situated near Azad Market.<ref name="BBC_Feb2014"/><ref name="IE_no_fresh_FIR">{{cite news |title=No fresh FIR against Congress leader Jagdish Tytler, CBI tells Delhi court |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/influencing-witness-no-fresh-fir-against-jagdish-tytler-cbi-to-court/ |access-date=19 January 2019 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=9 July 2015 |language=en-IN}}</ref> He has not been charged with any crimes related to the 1984 riots.<ref name="no_charges">{{cite news |title=Clips show Jagdish Tytler confessing about riots: Sikh leader |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/clips-show-tytler-confessing-about-riots-sikh-leader/articleshow/62796479.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=16 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206142547/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/clips-show-tytler-confessing-about-riots-sikh-leader/articleshow/62796479.cms |archive-date=6 February 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

In April 2004, the Indian National Congress announced Jagdish Tytler as its candidates for [[Indian Parliament]] elections for constituencies in and around Delhi.

In 2019, Tytler said of the controversy surrounding the anti-Sikh riot accusations that {{blockquote|I do not understand why is this controversy. There were 5,000 people at the function, I was one of them. There is no [[First information report|FIR]] against me. CBI cleared me three times in its inquiry. You should ask the BJP if there is any FIR against me.<ref name="statement_FIR">{{cite news |title=Sheila Dikshit backs Jagdish Tytler's presence at her charge taking ceremony amid attacks by AAP, BJP |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/dikshit-backs-tytlers-presence-at-her-charge-taking-ceremony-amid-attacks-by-aap-bjp/articleshow/67559960.cms |access-date=16 January 2019 |work=The Times of India |date=16 January 2019}}</ref> }}

===Nanavati Commission===
The report of the Nanavati Commission looking into the 1984 anti-Sikh riots said that Tytler "very probably" had a hand in organising the attacks. The then Congress-led [[Government of India]], however, decided not to prosecute him or anyone else named in the report due to lack of concrete evidence.<ref>{{cite news |title=Indian politicians clash over report on anti-Sikh riots |work=CBC News |date=9 August 2005 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/indian-politicians-clash-over-report-on-anti-sikh-riots-1.519021 |access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref>

Tytler, who had been appointed minister of state with independent charge of non-resident affairs, claimed innocence, saying that it was a case of mistaken identity.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} He said he had not been in the area at the time and that eight earlier commissions of inquiry had exonerated him.<ref>{{cite news |work=Rediff |url=http://in.rediff.com/news/2005/aug/08nanavati2.htm |title=I am innocent: Tytler |date=8 August 2005 |access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref> On 10 August 2005, he resigned from the Union Council of Ministers, stating that it was his "moral duty" to do so to prevent opposition parties making political capital out of the situation following release of the Nanavati report.<ref>{{cite news |date=10 August 2005 |title=Jagdish Tytler resigns from Union Cabinet |work=Outlook |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/jagdish-tytler-resigns-from-union-cabinet/316159 |access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref>

===Defamation allegations===
In 2004, lawyer [[H. S. Phoolka]] filed a case in the [[Ludhiana]] court against Tytler, accusing Tytler of defaming him during a television programme in the same year.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tytler granted bail in defamation case |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/tytler-granted-bail-in-defamation-case-44775-2009-04-18 |access-date=17 January 2019 |work=India Today |date=18 April 2009}}</ref> Tytler had claimed that Phoolka is making money by blackmailing people.<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/court-frames-charges-against-tytler/article6953102.ece, Court frames charges against Tytler, The Hindu, March 3, 2015]</ref> In 2014, Phoolka declined an "unconditional apology" from Tytler as a proposed settlement.<ref>{{cite news |title=Defamation case: Jagdish Tytler offers apology, H S Phoolka refuses |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/defamation-case-jagdish-tytler-offers-apology-h-s-phoolka-refuses/articleshow/37647299.cms |access-date=17 January 2019 |work=The Economic Times |date=2 July 2014}}</ref> The court framed charges against Tytler in 2015. As of July 2018, no verdict had been reached.<ref>{{cite news |title=Defamation case: Jagdish Tytler withdraws plea in HC |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/defamation-case-jagdish-tytler-withdraws-plea-in-hc-118071201098_1.html |access-date=17 January 2019 |work=Business Standard |date=12 July 2018}}</ref>

=== Reopening of the case in 2007 ===
India's [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) closed all cases against Tytler in November 2007 for his alleged criminal conspiracy to engineer riots against Sikhs in the aftermath of Indira Gandhi's assassination on 31 October 1984. The CBI submitted a report to the [[Delhi]] court which stated that no evidence or witness had been found to corroborate the allegations of instigating crowd during riot against Tytler.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20071219/main1.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220172927/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20071219/main1.htm|url-status=dead|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Main News|archive-date=20 December 2007|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7149322.stm |title=Fresh probe into India politician |work=BBC News |date=18 December 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20071219/main1.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207115707/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20071219/main1.htm|url-status=dead|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Main News|archive-date=7 February 2009|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref>

On 18 December 2007, the Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate of Delhi court, Sanjeev Jain, who had earlier dismissed the case after the CBI's report to his court, ordered the CBI to reopen cases against Tytler relating to the riots.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/1984-riots-CBI-to-re-investigate-Tytlers-role/articleshow/2630736.cms|title=1984 riots: CBI to re-investigate Tytler's role | India News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

===Clean chit by CBI ===
In March 2009, the CBI filed its final report on investigation into the riots cases and cleared Jagdish Tytler.<ref name="BBC_Feb2014">{{cite news |title=Jagdish Tytler: My own daughter asks if I killed Sikhs |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-26237133 |access-date=16 January 2019 |publisher=BBC |date=19 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208214313/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-26237133 |archive-date=8 February 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] which was then in opposition alleged that "such a [[wikt:Special:Search/clean chit|clean chit]] ahead of the elections" implied that the CBI had been misused.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-cbi-files-final-report-in-anti-sikh-riot-case-against-tytler-1243441 |agency=PTI |work=DNA |title=CBI files final report in anti-Sikh riot case against Tytler |date=28 March 2009 |access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref> On 2 April, CBI claimed there was lack of sufficient evidence against Tytler and sought to close the riot case.<ref name="TheHindu_CBI_Cleanchit2010" />

On 7 April 2009, the then Home Minister, [[P. Chidambaram]], had [[List of shoe throwing incidents|a shoe thrown at him]] by [[Jarnail Singh (journalist)|Jarnail Singh]], a Sikh journalist, during a press conference in Delhi. Singh, who works at the [[Hindi]] daily ''[[Dainik Jagran]]'', was dissatisfied with Chidambaram's answer to a question about the "clean chit" given to Tytler.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/news/Journalist-throws-shoe-at-Chidambaram/videoshow/4369344.cms|title=Journalist throws shoe at Chidambaram | News - Times of India Videos ►|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

In 2010, CBI reiterated the clean chit to Tytler.<ref name="TheHindu_CBI_Cleanchit2010">{{cite news |title=CBI reiterates clean chit to Tytler |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/CBI-reiterates-clean-chit-to-Tytler/article16813661.ece |access-date=19 January 2019 |work=The Hindu |date=10 February 2010 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

===Denial of Lok Sabha ticket===
After the shoe throwing incident, the Congress party dropped both Tytler and Sajjan Kumar as Congress candidates for the Lok Sabha elections of 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200904091817.htm|title=Congress drops Jagdish Tytler, Sajjan Kumar}}</ref> Tytler accused the media of victimizing him through a media trial. Tytler blamed the [[Shiromani Akali Dal]] and his "enemies" within the Congress party for scuttling his nomination.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/PoliticsNation/Sheila-shooed-me-out-says-Tytler/articleshow/4387480.cms|title=Sheila shooed me out, says Tytler|date=11 April 2009|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref>

===Reiteration of CBI clean chit in 2010===
In February 2010, at a Delhi court before Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate Rakesh Pandit, the CBI concluded its arguments stating that the witness’ statements were "false and concocted", CBI supported its closure report that gave a clean chit to Tytler in the riots case. The CBI prosecutor stated that "The version of (witness) Jasbir Singh is absolutely false and concocted. He has made statements with an intention to falsely implicate Tytler."<ref name="TheHindu_CBI_Cleanchit2010"/> CBI had examined another witness Surender Singh and his family members who stated that the statements of the witness were not correct. CBI had produced a CD before the court to prove that Tytler was not at the location of riot but was present at the residence of Indira Gandhi.<ref name="TheHindu_CBI_Cleanchit2010"/>

=== CBI Closure reports and Court decisions to continue CBI Probes ===
In April 2013, a Sessions Court rejected the CBI report and ordered investigation against Tytler.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sessions-court-rejects-cbis-clean-chit-to-tytler/article4602471.ece |title=Sessions court rejects CBI's clean chit to Tytler |work=The Hindu |date=10 April 2013}}</ref> Witnesses in the subsequent investigation have included [[Abhishek Verma (businessman)|Abhishek Verma]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/tytler-clean-chit-meeting-manmohan-arms-dealer-abhishek-verma-255509-2015-06-04|title=Tytler got clean chit after meeting Manmohan, claims arms dealer|location=Delhi |date=June 4, 2015|website=India Today}}</ref> and [[Amitabh Bachchan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/1984-riots-amitabh-bachchan-denies-jagdish-tytlers-alibi-cbi-tells-court-768851|title=1984 Riots: Amitabh Bachchan Says He Can't Recall Jagdish Tytler at Delhi's Teen Murti|website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

CBI filed its third closure report in 2014 (earlier closure reports were filed in 2007 and 2009).<ref>[https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/security-of-witness-against-tytler-reinstated-128019 Security of witness against Tytler reinstated, Tribune India, Aug 19, 2020]</ref> However Delhi's Karkardooma courts rejected the third CBI closure report on December 4, 2015, due to protest petition by Lakhwinder Kaur, and asked the CBI to continue its probe.

In 2016, CBI questions Tytler for 4 hours.<ref>[https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/cbi-examines-jagdish-tytler-in-connection-with-1984-anti-sikh-riots/961095 CBI Examines Jagdish Tytler In Connection With 1984 Anti-Sikh Riots, Outlook India, Nov 22, 2016]</ref>

===Advocate HS Phoolka's resolve===
{{main|H. S. Phoolka}}
Senior advocate and activist HS Phoolka, who has strived to seek punishment for the accused in the 1984 anti-Sikh riots claimed in 2016 that CBI is shielding Jagdish Tytler, and that Akali Dal-BJP government is doing everything possible to protect Tytler.<ref>[https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/news/india/h-s-phoolka-cbi-shielding-tytler-in-1984-riots-case/articleshow/55033329.cms H S Phoolka: CBI shielding Tytler in 1984 riots case, Mumbai Mirror, Oct 24, 2016]</ref>
He stated on Dec 4, 2019 that "After sending [[Sajjan Kumar]] to prison, I will now ensure to send Kamal Nath and Tytler to jail."<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/fight-not-over-will-ensure-kamal-nath-tytler-go-to-jail-phoolka-1423567-2019-01-04 Fight not over, will ensure [[Kamal Nath]], Tytler go to jail: Phoolka]</ref>

=== Akali Dal's Proposed Resolution for Tytler's arrest in Punjab Assembly ===
In November 2021, the Shirimani Akali Dal president Sukhbir Singh that his party will move a resolution in the upcoming Punjab Assembly session seeking Tytler's arrest.<ref>[https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/nov/06/akalis-to-move-resolution-against-tytlers-appointment-to-delhi-congress-committee-2380181.html Akalis to move resolution against Tytler's appointment to Delhi Congress Committee, New Indian Express, Nov 6, 2021]</ref> Responding to that [[Sajjan Singh Verma]], Congress MLA from Sonkatch commented that "SAD does not have faith in court. It tries to become judge and pronounce judgement".<ref>[https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/shiromani-akali-dal-does-not-have-faith-in-courts-says-congress-leader-on-tytler-issue20211106221135/, ANI, Nov 6, 2021]</ref>

=== Personal life ===
He is married to Jennifer, daughter of a Scottish mother and an Irish father, born in Delhi, who is the principal of the J D Tytler School. They have a son, Siddhartha and a daughter.<ref>[https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/support-system/cid/1542410 Support system, Telegraph, 01.04.06]</ref> His son Siddhartha is a fashion designer.<ref>[https://thedailyguardian.com/i-have-a-much-bolder-stronger-woman-with-more-adventurous-mentally-designer-siddartha-tytler/ I have a much bolder, stronger woman with more adventurous mentally: Designer Siddartha Tytler, The Daily Guardian, August 12, 2021]</ref>

Jagdish Tytler was raised by a Christian minister, however he identifies himself as a Hindu. In 2011 his visit to the Jagannath Puri temple created a controversy because non-Hindus are prohibited from entering the temple. Tytler claimed that he is a Hindu and had visited the Puri temple four times in the past.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/i-am-a-hindu-roars-tytler/articleshow/7820228.cms I am a Hindu, roars Tytler, Siraj Muhammad, March 20, 2011]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite news |title=Jagdish Tytler: A Recap |first=Sundeep |last=Dougal |date=10 April 2013 |work=Outlook |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/blog/story/jagdish-tytler-a-recap/2961 |access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref>

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://antisystemic.org/satribune/www.satribune.com/archives/200508/P1_arun2.htm antisystemic.org], After Apology, Congress Tries to Scuttle Sikh Massacre Report

{{Energy Ministries and Departments of India}}
{{Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tytler, Jagdish}}
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians]]
[[Category:1984 anti-Sikh riots]]
[[Category:India MPs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:People from Delhi]]
[[Category:India MPs 1980–1984]]
[[Category:India MPs 1984–1989]]
[[Category:India MPs 1991–1996]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Delhi]]
[[Category:Civil aviation ministers of India]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]

Jagdish Tytler - Revision history

2001:8F8:2D16:53DB:0:0:661D:4F01 at 06:42, 25 December 2022