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{{Short description|1972 agitation for separate Andhra state}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
[[File:Jai_andhra_movement-guntur-krishnasuryakumar.jpg|thumb|alt=Jai andhra movement-guntur-krishnasuryakumar|Jai andhra movement-guntur-krishnasuryakumar]]
'''Jai Andhra movement''' is a 1972 [[political movement]] in support for the creation of [[Andhra state]] in the light of injustices felt by the people of the Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema Regions.<ref>{{cite news|access-date=2018-10-09|title=INDIA: Jai Andhra!|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,906815,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081214084132/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,906815,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 December 2008|newspaper=Time|date=5 February 1973|issn=0040-781X|via=content.time.com|url-access=subscription}}</ref> This was after the [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]] and [[Supreme Court of India]] upheld the [[1952 Mulkhi Agitation (Telangana)|Mulki rules]] in existence at the time. This disenfranchised a vast majority of the population of the state from obtaining jobs in their own state capital. In ensuing protests and police firing eight people were killed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/ap/20061226.htm|title = Coastal leaders call for separate Andhra state}}</ref> Prominent leaders from [[Andhra Pradesh]]: [[Tenneti Viswanadham]], Raja Sagi Suryanarayana Raju, [[Gouthu Latchanna]], Jupudi Yegnanarayana, N. Srinivasulu Reddy, [[B. V. Subba Reddy]], [[Kakani Venkataratnam]], Vasantha Nageswara Rao, [[M. Venkaiah Naidu]], Nissankararao Ventakaratnam, [[Chowdary Satyanarayana]], prominent student leaders like K.Sreedhar Rao, and Haribabu from Andhra University, M.S. Raju from Andhra Medical College, and many others participated in the agitation.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/jai-andhra-movement-for-separate-statehood-revives-in-ap/article60614.ece|title=Jai Andhra movement for separate statehood revives in AP|newspaper=The Hindu|date=5 December 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/blackmail-tactics-cant-divide-the-state-says-saps/article4889350.ece|title = Blackmail tactics can't divide the State, says SAPS|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 7 July 2013}}</ref> It was a sequel to the 1969 [[Telangana movement]]. Over 400 people sacrificed their lives for the movement. One of the main opinions expressed was "Development is seen only in and around Hyderabad and it is time the coastal districts also develop rapidly".

==Grievances of the Andhra Regions==
People from the Andhra and Rayalaseema regions felt that Mulki rules were unfair to them and they were "being treated like aliens in their own land".<ref>https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19690125&printsec=frontpage Page 1</ref> The agitators, most of whom were students, felt that the Mulki rules in place were unjust, unfortunate and further deepened the rift between Telangana and other regions. The proponents of separate Andhra Pradesh viewed their demand as logical in light of the separate Telangana movement.

==The movement==
Under the ''Mulki'' rules in force at the time, anyone who had lived in Hyderabad for 15 years was considered a local, and was thus eligible for certain government posts. When the Supreme Court upheld the ''Mulki'' rules at the end of 1972, the Jai Andhra movement, with the aim of re-forming a separate state of Andhra, was started in Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1812/18120450.htm |title=Bitter memories |publisher=Hinduonnet.com |access-date=2010-09-14 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122051815/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1812/18120450.htm |archive-date=22 January 2010 }}</ref>

In 1972, Gouthu Latchanna took a leading role in the Jai Andhra movement started by students of [[Andhra University]] demanding the division of Andhra Pradesh into old Andhra state and Telangana state on the issue of "Mulki" rules. He was imprisoned in [[Mushirabad Central Jail]] and released in 1973.<ref>[http://www.glowfoundations.com/biodata.html In 1972, Sri Latchanna took a leading role in the Jai-Andhra movement launched by the students of the Andhra University] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711101828/http://www.glowfoundations.com/biodata.html |date=11 July 2011 }}</ref> All the ministers hailing from the Andhra region in the PV Narasimha Rao Govt. resigned, and formed a parallel Government with Vijayawada as the Capital. BV Subba Reddy was elected as the Chief Minister and Kakani Venkataratnam was the Deputy CM. The parallel govt was run for a few months, even after the PV Narasimha Rao Govt. was replaced by President's rule. The movement subsided only after Indira Gandhi came up with the 6-point formula to resolve the crisis to everyone's satisfaction.

==Police firing==
Thirteen people were killed in 3 places in Andhra on 21 November during the bandh call given by student body. In the police firing eight people were killed on 23 December in Vijayawada. Kakani Venkataratnam, a former minister, died of shock at the height of separate Andhra agitation on 25 December 1972.

==Aftermath==
Removal of Mulki rules and all other demands were met and a [[Pre-2004 Telangana protests#Six-Point Formula of 1973|six-point formula]] was put in place.

After nine ministers from Seemandhra region in the [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]] cabinet resigned, he had to resign as [[List of Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Chief minister]] of Andhra Pradesh on 10 January 1973, and [[President's rule]] was imposed in the state.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1970s in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Regionalism in India]]
[[Category:1972 labor disputes and strikes]]
[[Category:1972 in India]]
[[Category:Labour disputes in India]]
[[Category:Statehood movements in India|A]]

Jai Andhra movement - Revision history

Ilushiktka at 17:39, 7 April 2026