Muskit Gergous at 16:03, 23 July 2023

2023-07-23T16:03:08Z

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{{short description|Ancient Indian scholar Hindu philosopher}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox philosopher
| name = Jaimini
| image = Vedas.svg
| caption = Jaimini is known for his studies of older rituals part of the Vedas.
| birth_date = ~4th century BCE<ref name="James Lochtefeld">James Lochtefeld (2002), [https://books.google.com/books?id=5kl0DYIjUPgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:9780823931798&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiT9OjOlM_fAhXBbSsKHdd-Bt4Q6AEIKjAA#v=onepage&q&f=false The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1], Rosen Publishing, {{ISBN|978-0823931798}}, pages 310, 438, 537-538</ref>
| influences = [[Badarayana]]
| school_tradition = [[Mimamsa]]
| notable_ideas =
|main_interests=*[[Ethics]]
*[[Hermeneutics]]
*[[Language]]
*[[Rituals]]
*[[Linguistics]]}}
{{Hindu philosophy}}
'''Jaimini''' was an ancient [[Indian]] scholar who founded the [[Mīmāṃsā]] school of [[Hindu philosophy]]. He was a disciple of sage [[Veda Vyasa]], the son of [[Parashara]]. Traditionally attributed to be the author of the ''[[Mimamsa Sutras]]'' <ref name="James Lochtefeld 2002">James Lochtefeld (2002), The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1 & 2, Rosen Publishing, {{ISBN|978-0823931798}}, pages 438, 437-438, 746</ref><ref name=sradhakrish22/> and ''[[Jaimini Sutras]]'',<ref>{{cite web|title=Jaimini Sutras|url= http://philosophy.ru/library/asiatica/indica/sutra/jaimini.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Maharishi Jaimini's Jaimini Sutram (complete)|author=P.S.Sastri|publisher=Ranjan Publications|edition=2006|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=04BGPgAACAAJ |isbn=9788188230181|year=2006}}</ref> he is estimated to have lived around the 4th-century BCE.<ref name="James Lochtefeld" /> His school is considered non-theistic,<ref name=fxc3>FX Clooney (1997), What’s a god? The quest for the right understanding of devatā in Brāhmaṅical ritual theory (Mīmāṃsā), International Journal of Hindu Studies, August 1997, Volume 1, Issue 2, pages 337-385</ref> but one that emphasized rituals parts of the [[Vedas]] as essential to [[Dharma]].<ref name=bilimoria>P. Bilimoria (2001), Hindu doubts about God: Towards Mimamsa Deconstruction, in Philosophy of Religion: Indian Philosophy (Editor: Roy Perrett), Volume 4, Routledge, {{ISBN|978-0-8153-3611-2}}, pages 87-106</ref>

Jaimini's [[guru]] was [[Badarayana]],<ref name=sradhakrish22>{{cite book | last = Radhakrishna | first = Sarvepalli | author-link = Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan | title = Brahma Sutra, The Philosophy of Spiritual Life | url = https://archive.org/stream/Sarvepalli.Radhakrishnan-Brahma.Sutra-The.Philosophy.of.Spiritual.Life/Radhakrishnan-Brahma.Sutra-The.Philosophy.of.Spiritual.Life#page/n21/mode/2up | year = 1960 | page = 22 with footnote 3 and 4}}</ref> the latter founded the [[Vedanta]] school of Hindu philosophy, emphasizing the knowledge parts of the Vedas, and credited with authoring [[Brahma Sutras]].<ref name=pauldeussentsvp20>Paul Deussen, The System of the Vedanta: According to Badarayana's Brahma-Sutras and Shankara's Commentary thereon, Translator: Charles Johnston, {{ISBN|978-1519117786}}, page 20</ref> Both Badarayana and Jaimini quoted each other as they analyzed each other's theories, Badarayana emphasizing knowledge while Jaimini emphasizes rituals, sometimes agreeing with each other, sometimes disagreeing, often anti-thesis of the other.<ref name=pauldeussentsvp20/>

Jaimini's contributions to textual analysis and exegesis influenced other schools of Indian philosophies, and the most studied [[bhasya]] (reviews and commentaries) on Jaimini's texts were by scholars named Shabara, [[Kumārila Bhaṭṭa|Kumarila]] and Prabhakara.<ref>James Lochtefeld (2002), The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1 & 2, Rosen Publishing, {{ISBN|978-0823931798}}, pages 438, 616</ref>

==Works==
Jaimini is most known for his great treatise [[Purva Mimamsa Sutras]], also called Karma-mimamsa (“Study of [[Ritual]] Action”), a system that investigates the rituals in the Vedic texts. The text founded the Purva-Mimamsa school of Ancient Indian philosophy, one of the six Darsanas or schools of Ancient Indian philosophy.

Dated to ca. the 4th century BCE, the text contains about 3,000 sutras and is the foundational text of the [[Mimamsa]] school.<ref name="James Lochtefeld 2002"/> The text aims at an exegesis of the [[Vedas]] with regard to ritual practice ([[karma]]) and religious duty ([[dharma]]), commenting on the early [[Upanishad]]s. Jaimini's Mimamsa is a ritualist (''karma-kanda'') counter-movement to the Self-knowledge ([[Atman (Hinduism)|Atman]]) speculations of the [[Vedanta]] philosophy.<ref name=sradhakrish22/><ref name=pauldeussentsvp20/> His Mimamsa Sutra was commented upon by many, of which [[Śābara]] was among the earliest.<ref>[http://www.sub.uni-goettingen.de/ebene_1/fiindolo/gretil/1_sanskr/6_sastra/3_phil/mimamsa/jaimsutu.htm Purva Mimamsa Sutras of Jaimini] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609165015/http://www.sub.uni-goettingen.de/ebene_1/fiindolo/gretil/1_sanskr/6_sastra/3_phil/mimamsa/jaimsutu.htm |date=9 June 2007 }}</ref><ref>James Lochtefeld (2002), The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1 & 2, Rosen Publishing, {{ISBN|978-0823931798}}, page 616</ref>

Jaimini also wrote a version of the [[Mahabharata]] narrated to him by his preceptor [[Vyasa]], but today, only the [[Ashvamedhika Parva]] of his work is available.<ref>https://archive.org/details/jaiminibharataa00sandgoog</ref>

==Other mentions==
===Samaveda===
When Rishi [[Veda Vyasa]] divided ancient Vedic hymns into four parts based on their use in the sacrificial rites, and taught them to his four chief disciples – [[Paila (teacher)|Paila]], [[Vaisampayana]], Jaimini and [[Sumantu]], [[Samaveda]] was transmitted to rishi Jaimini.<br />
"He divided the Veda into four, namely Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharva. The histories and the Puranas are said to be the fifth Veda."<br />
- Brahmanda Purana 1.4.21

===Markandeya Purana===
One of the major [[Puranas]], the [[Markandeya Purana]], opens with a dialogue between sage Jaimini and [[Markandeya]].

==See also==
* [[Samaveda]]
* [[Guru Purnima]]
* [[Indian Mathematics]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927044308/http://www.mimamsa.org/ Purva Mimansa]

{{Hindudharma}}
{{Indian Philosophy}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Rishis]]
[[Category:4th-century Indian philosophers]]
[[Category:4th-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:Hindu philosophers and theologians]]
[[Category:Indian male writers]]

Jaimini - Revision history

Muskit Gergous at 16:03, 23 July 2023