https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Jainism_in_North_KarnatakaJainism in North Karnataka - Revision history2026-07-31T23:35:14ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.4https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Jainism_in_North_Karnataka&diff=123952&oldid=prev>AnomieBOT at 04:20, 23 May 20212021-05-23T04:20:54Z<p></p>
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[[File:Jain temple at Lakkundi built in the Kalyani Chalukya style.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Brahma Jinalaya]] at [[Lakkundi]] ]]<br />
{{Jainism}}<br />
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'''Jainism in North Karnataka''' flourished under the [[Chalukyas]], [[Kadamba Dynasty|Kadamba]], [[Rashtrakutas]], and [[Vijayanagara empire]]. Imbued with religious feeling, patronage was extended towards the building of Jain temple and it garnered high repute among the people, particularly the ruling classes and the mercantile community; effectively getting treated as the state religion.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Jain Legacy In Karnataka|url=http://www.indiaprofile.com/religion-culture/jainisminkarnataka.htm|access-date=30 September 2014}}</ref><br />
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== Literature ==<br />
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The Kannada poet [[Adikavi Pampa]]’s wrote [[Vikramarjuna Vijaya]], also known as ''Pampa Bharata'', and also ''[[Adipurana]]'' which narrates the story of [[Rishabha (Jain tirthankar)|Shri Rishabhadev]], the first [[Tirthankara]]. ''Neminatha Purana'' a history of the 22nd [[Tirthankara]], provides a Jain interpretation for the story of [[Krishna]] and the [[Pandava]]s.<ref>{{Citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZgNHE-48jNcC|title=Encyclopaedia of Oriental Philosophy|publisher=Global Vision Pub House|isbn=9788182201132|p=106}}</ref><br />
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== Jain architecture ==<br />
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[[File:Badami, Höhle 4, Bahubali (1999).jpg|thumb|right| [[Bahubali]] in Jain Cave temple No. 4 at [[Badami]], 6th century]]<br />
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Jain architecture can be classified into two categories namely ''basadi'' and ''betta''. ''Basadi'' is a Jain monastery or temple where an image of one of the twenty-four tirthankaras (saints) is installed and worshipped. They were built in the [[Dravidian architecture|Dravidian]] style and the oldest basadi can be traced back to at least the first century AD. ''Betta'' is a hill with an open courtyard containing the image of Gommata or Gommateswara.<br />
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The earliest dated structure is a basadi at [[Halasi]] built under the [[Kadamba Dynasty]] of [[Banavasi]] laying the foundation for Jain architecture in [[North Karnataka]].{{Sfn|Chugh|2016|p=312}}<br />
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[[Rastrakutas]] period is the golden age of Jainism in Karnataka. The Jaina monuments of the Rashtrakutas period are found at [[Pattadakal]], [[Malkhed]], [[Lakshmeshwar]], [[Koppal]], Bankur, of North Karnataka. Jainism exerted considerable influence over the cultural life of Karnataka during the rule of the Rashtrakutas.{{Sfn|Chugh|2016|p=301}} Several basadi were erected for the further propagation of the religion in the State. Important among them is the Parsvanatha Basadi at [[Ron, Karnataka|Ron]] with its exquisitely carved grills depicting [[gandharva]]s in scrollwork.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kamat's Potpourri: Jain Monuments of Karnataka|url=http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/jain/monu.htm|access-date=30 September 2014}}</ref><br />
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[[Kadambas]] of [[Banavasi]] were known to be patrons of Jainism. After the rule of the Kadambas of Banavasi most parts of north Karnataka came under the rule of the early Chalukya or [[Badami Chalukyas]].{{Sfn|Sangave|2001|p=174}}<br />
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[[File:Aihole inscription of Ravi Kirti.jpg|thumb|right|inscription at Meguti temple [[Aihole]] in Sanskrit language and old Kannada script]]<br />
[[Aihole]] has Jaina cave temple, it has an open [[mandapa]] and a Sabhamandapa. [[Garbhagriha]] has the sculpture of "Shri Mahaviraswami in Padmasana". On the sides are yaksha and yakshi standing. [[Shanka Basadi]] at [[Lakshmeshwar]] was built in 7th century during [[Rashtrakuta]] period. This Jinalaya is dedicated to Lord Neminatha and Jinalya got his name from Shankha, the symbol of Shri Neminath. [[Adi Purana]] was written by [[Adikavi Pampa]] in this Basadi.Other Jain temple includes Jinalaya at [[Hallur]], The Jinalaya at [[Adur, Haveri|Adur]] built by Dharmagamunda.{{Sfn|Chugh|2016|p=300}}<br />
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Jain Narayana temple located on the [[Pattadakal]], was built in the Dravidian style by the [[Rashtrakutas]] of [[Manyakheta]] in 9th century. It consists of a ''[[Mandapa|mukhamantapa]]'' (main hall), a ''navaranga'', ''shukanasa'' and [[garbhagriha]]. The principle deity of the temple is [[Parshvanatha|Lord Parshvanatha]], the 23rd [[Tirthankara]] of [[Jainism]].{{Sfn|Abram|2003|p=285}}<br />
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[[Badami cave temples]] were built in 7th century by [[Chalukya dynasty]]. It features detailed carvings of tirthankar [[Mahavira|Shri Mahaviraswami]], [[Parshvanatha|Shri Parshvanatha]], [[Rishabhanatha|Shri Adinatha]] and kevali [[Bahubali]], [[Indrabhuti Gautama]] etc. Idols of [[Yakshas]], [[Yakshi]]s, [[Padmavati (Jainism)|Padmavati]] are also present here.{{Sfn|Javid|2008|p=120}}{{Sfn|Singh|2008|p=52}}<br />
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[[Brahma Jinalaya]], [[Lakkundi]] was built during [[Western Chalukya]] rule in mid-11th century. The temple has single shrine connected to a closed hall via a vestibule that is connected to a mantapa. The temple has idol of Tirthankar [[Mahavira|Shri Mahaviraswami]], God Brahma, Goddess Saraswati and [[Gajalakshmi]].{{Sfn|Chugh|2016|p=305}}<br />
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[[Naregal,_Gadag#Padmabbarasi_basadi|Padmabbarasi basadi]] is the biggest Rashtrakuta temple in Karnataka. This temple was built during the period of [[Krishna III]], by Padmabbarasi, the queen of Ganga Permadi Bhutayya in 950 AD.{{Sfn|Chugh|2016|p=302}}<br />
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[[Navagraha Jain Temple]] at Varur near [[Hubli]] is one of the major pilgrimage. The temple features a 61 feet (18.6 m) tall monolithic idol of the Shri 1008 Bhagavan Parshvanatha and the smaller statues of the other 8 Jain Teerthankaras. The statue stands on a 48-foot high pedestal making the total height 109 feet. The statue is the tallest statue of the Lord Parshvanatha.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/hubli-gets-magnificent-jinalaya/article368643.ece Hubli gets magnificent ‘jinalaya’.] The Hindu, 6 January 2009.</ref><br />
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== Dakshina Bharati Jain Sabha ==<br />
{{main|Dakshin Bharat Jain Sabha}}<br />
Dakshina Bharati Jain Sabha is a social service organization of the Jains of South India. The organization has its headquarter at [[Kolhapur]].<ref name="Bhanu2004">{{cite book|author=B. V. Bhanu|title=People of India: Maharashtra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OmBjoAFMfjoC|year=2004|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn=978-81-7991-100-6|p=368}}</ref> The association is credited with being one of the first Jain associations to start reform movements among the Jains in modern India.<ref name="CarrithersHumphrey1991">{{cite book|author1=Michael Carrithers|author2=Caroline Humphrey|title=The Assembly of Listeners: Jains in Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LW8czr_HzzwC|date=4 April 1991|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-36505-5|p=235}}</ref><ref name="MarkhamLohr2009">{{cite book|author1=Ian S. Markham|author2=Christy Lohr|title=A World Religions Reader|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JdNNz1jcN9cC|date=26 May 2009|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4051-7109-0|p=72}}</ref> The organization mainly seeks to represent the interests of the native Jains of Maharashtra ([[Marathi Jains]]), Karnataka ([[Kannada Jains]]) and Goa.<br />
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<gallery><br />
File:Jain Narayana temple at Pattadakal.JPG|[[Pattadakal#Jain Narayana Temple|Jain Narayana temple]], a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage site]]<br />
File:Jain basadi.JPG|Meguti Jain temple, [[Aihole]]<br />
File:Chaturmukha (four faced) Brahma image in the mantapa in the Jain temple at Lakkundi.jpg|The famous ''Chaturmukha'' Brahma image at [[Jain Temple, Lakkundi]], 11th century CE<br />
File:Lakshmeshwara Old Jain temple 1.jpg|[[Lakshmeshwara#Shanka Basadi|Shanka Basadi]], 8th century<br />
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== See also ==<br />
* [[Jainism in Maharashtra]]<br />
* [[Jain Bunt]]<br />
* [[Jainism in Karnataka]]<br />
* [[Jainism in Kerala]]<br />
* [[Jainism in Tamil Nadu]]<br />
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== References ==<br />
=== Citation ===<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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=== Sources ===<br />
* {{Citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JpnoCwAAQBAJ|title=Karnataka's Rich Heritage - Art and Architecture|edition=From Prehistoric Times to the Hoysala Period|first=Lalit|last=Chugh|publisher=Notion Press|date=2016|isbn=9789352068258|ref={{SfnRef|Chugh|2016}} }}<br />
* {{Citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QzEQJHWUwXQC|title=Facets of Jainology|edition=Selected Research Papers on Jain Society, Religion, and Culture|first=Vilas Adinath|last=Sangave|publisher=Popular Prakashan|date=2001|isbn=9788171548392|ref={{SfnRef|Sangave|2001}} }}<br />
* {{Citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sEhJBfbhTAAC|title=South India|first=David|last=Abram|publisher=Rough Guides|date=2003|isbn=9781843531036|ref={{SfnRef|Abram|2003}} }}<br />
* {{Citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=54XBlIF9LFgC|title=World Heritage Monuments and Related Edifices in India|first=Ali|last=Javid|publisher=Algora Publishing|date=2008|isbn=9780875864846|ref={{SfnRef|Javid|2008}} }}<br />
* {{Citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JtWGm4E4qZIC|title=Jainism in Early Medieval Karnataka|first=R.B.P.|last=Singh|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publisher|date=2008|isbn=9788120833234|ref={{SfnRef|Singh|2008}} }}<br />
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{{Jainism Topics}}<br />
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[[Category:Jain communities]]<br />
[[Category:Jainism in Karnataka|North Karnataka]]</div>>AnomieBOT