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{{About|the municipality in Rajasthan, India|its namesake district|Jaisalmer district|the historical region and state|Jaisalmer state}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jaisalmer
| other_name =
| nickname = The Golden city
| native_name =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline ={{multiple image
| border = infobox
| align = left
| total_width = 250
| perrow = 2/2/2/1
| image1 =Jaisalmer-Fort-04-von Gadsisar Lake-2018-gje.jpg
| image2 =Salim Singh ki Haveli 06.jpg
| image3 =Jaisalmer-Patwon Ki Haveli-04-2018-gje.jpg
| image4 =Jaisalmer Amar Sagar.jpg
| image5 =Jaisalmer Fort, India.jpg
| image6 =Royal Cenotaphs, Jaisalmer, Rajasthan.JPG
| image7 =Jaisalmer Panorama.jpg
}}
| image_alt =
| image_caption = from top, left to right: [[Jaisalmer Fort]]; Salim Singh Haveli; Patwon ki Haveli; [[Gadisar Lake]]; close-up of the fort walls; [[Bada Bagh]]; panorama of Jaisalmer
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India#Asia
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.913|N|70.915|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jaisalmer district|Jaisalmer]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder = [[Rawal Jaisal]]
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title = [[Member of Parliament]]
| leader_name = [[Kailash Choudhary]]
| leader_title1 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly]]
| leader_name1 = [[Rooparam]]
| leader_title2 = District Collector & District Magistrate
| leader_name2 = Tina Dabi , [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]<ref>{{cite news |title=IAS Tina Dabi takes charge as Jaisalmer collector |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/ias-tina-dabi-takes-charge-as-jaisalmer-collector-11657182704807.html |access-date=8 July 2022 |work=Mint |date=7 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
| leader_title3 = Superintendent of Police
| leader_name3 = Bhanwar Singh Nathawat, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Administration |url=https://jaisalmer.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/jaisalmer/en/about-jaisalmer/administration.html# |website=jaisalmer.rajasthan.gov.in |access-date=23 October 2020 |language=en-us}}</ref>
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=District Census Handbook - Jaisalmer |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0816_PART_B_DCHB_JAISALMER.pdf |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=11 February 2021|quote=See page 24 'Jaisalmer (M) - 62.38', the '38,401' figure is for the 'Jaisalmer - District Total'}}</ref>
| area_rank =
| area_urban_km2 = 62.38
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 225
| population_total = 65471
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=22 May 2022|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017|pages=34–35}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[English language|English]]<ref name="langoff"/>
| demographics1_title3 = Regional
| demographics1_info3 = [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 345 001
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 02992
| registration_plate = RJ-15
| website = {{URL|jaisalmer.rajasthan.gov.in}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|RJ-IN]]

| footnotes =
| official_name =
| Member of parliament =
}}

'''Jaisalmer''' {{audio|Jaisalmer.ogg|pronunciation}}, nicknamed "The Golden city", is a city in the [[Indian state]] of [[Rajasthan]], located {{convert|575|km|mi|0}} west of the state capital [[Jaipur]]. The town stands on a ridge of yellowish sandstone and is crowned by the ancient [[Jaisalmer Fort]]. This fort contains a royal palace and several ornate [[Jainism|Jain]] temples. Many of the houses and temples of both the fort and of the town below are built of finely sculptured sandstone. The town lies in the heart of the [[Thar Desert]] (the Great Indian Desert) and has a population, including the residents of the fort, of about 78,000. It is the administrative headquarters of [[Jaisalmer District]]. Jaisalmer was once the capital of [[Jaisalmer State]].

==Etymology==
Jaisalmer was founded by [[Rawal Jaisal]]<ref>Sehgal, K.K. {{Google books|pORhAAAAIAAJ|Rajasthan [district Gazetteers].: Banswara|page=1}}</ref> in 1156 AD.<ref name="Balfour">{{cite book |last =Balfour| first =Edward|title =The encyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia |publisher=B. Quaritch|year=1885|location=Original from Oxford University|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3U0OAAAAQAAJ&q=%22Rawal+Jaisal%22&pg=PA406|page=406}}</ref> ''Jaisalmer'' means ''the Hill Fort of Jaisal''. Jaisalmer is sometimes called the "Golden City of India" because of the yellow sandstone used throughout the architecture of both the fort and the town below, imbues both with a certain golden-yellow light.

==Geography==
[[File:Sand sunes sum rajasthan.JPG|thumb|Sand dunes near Jaisalmer]]

===Climate===
Jaisalmer, being an arid desert region, is prone to extremes in terms of temperature. The temperature varies greatly from day to night in both summer and winter. The maximum summer temperature is around {{convert|49|C|F}} while the minimum is {{convert|25|C|F}}. The maximum winter temperature is usually around {{convert|23.6|C|F}} and the minimum is {{convert|-5|C|F}}. The average rainfall is {{convert|209.5|mm|in}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://worldweather.wmo.int/066/c01593.htm |title=India Meteorological Department – Weather Information for Jaisalmer|website=Worldweather.wmo.int|access-date=12 October 2012}}</ref> Highest ever recorded temperature was {{convert|50.0|C|F}};<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Border-areas-in-Jaisalmer-boil-at-50C-no-respite-in-city/articleshow/47409961.cms|title=Border areas in Jaisalmer boil at 50°C, no respite in city|date=27 May 2010|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> the lowest ever recorded temperature being {{convert|-5.9|C|F}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/jaisalmer2.htm |title=JAISALMER |access-date=23 December 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091226032052/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/jaisalmer2.htm |archive-date=26 December 2009 }}</ref> Temperature of up to {{convert|52.4|C|F}} have been recorded near the international border close to Pakistan, but standard conditions of this temperature recording remain unverified.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://topyaps.com/jaisalmer-temperature-heat-wave-india|title=Blistering Heat Wave Continues Across India; Jaisalmer Swelters At 52.4 Degrees|last=Singh|first=Anuradha|date=2 May 2016|website=Topyaps.com|access-date=5 August 2016}}</ref>

{{Weather box
| width = auto
| location = Jaisalmer (1981–2010, extremes 1948–2012)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 35.8
| Feb record high C = 37.8
| Mar record high C = 42.3
| Apr record high C = 45.8
| May record high C = 49.0
| Jun record high C = 49.2
| Jul record high C = 47.0
| Aug record high C = 43.3
| Sep record high C = 43.3
| Oct record high C = 42.2
| Nov record high C = 38.8
| Dec record high C = 34.4
| year record high C = 49.2
| Jan high C = 23.8
| Feb high C = 27.3
| Mar high C = 33.3
| Apr high C = 39.1
| May high C = 41.9
| Jun high C = 40.9
| Jul high C = 38.1
| Aug high C = 36.6
| Sep high C = 37.1
| Oct high C = 36.5
| Nov high C = 31.3
| Dec high C = 25.4
| year high C = 34.3
| Jan low C = 7.4
| Feb low C = 10.8
| Mar low C = 18.1
| Apr low C = 21.8
| May low C = 24.8
| Jun low C = 25.8
| Jul low C = 25.3
| Aug low C = 25.0
| Sep low C = 24.2
| Oct low C = 19.4
| Nov low C = 14.0
| Dec low C = 8.8
| year low C = 18.6
| Jan record low C = -5.9
| Feb record low C = -4.4
| Mar record low C = 3.4
| Apr record low C = 10.6
| May record low C = 15.1
| Jun record low C = 17.2
| Jul record low C = 20.1
| Aug record low C = 19.1
| Sep record low C = 12.9
| Oct record low C = 8.3
| Nov record low C = 2.0
| Dec record low C = -0.6
| year record low C = -5.9
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 1.3
| Feb rain mm = 5.2
| Mar rain mm = 3.3
| Apr rain mm = 7.2
| May rain mm = 7.2
| Jun rain mm = 21.0
| Jul rain mm = 59.2
| Aug rain mm = 72.2
| Sep rain mm = 19.3
| Oct rain mm = 3.0
| Nov rain mm = 0.7
| Dec rain mm = 2.1
| year rain mm = 201.6
| Jan rain days = 0.2
| Feb rain days = 0.6
| Mar rain days = 0.4
| Apr rain days = 0.5
| May rain days = 0.6
| Jun rain days = 1.2
| Jul rain days = 3.3
| Aug rain days = 3.2
| Sep rain days = 1.4
| Oct rain days = 0.3
| Nov rain days = 0.1
| Dec rain days = 0.2
| year rain days = 12.0
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 31
| Feb humidity = 26
| Mar humidity = 22
| Apr humidity = 19
| May humidity = 21
| Jun humidity = 29
| Jul humidity = 45
| Aug humidity = 50
| Sep humidity = 39
| Oct humidity = 26
| Nov humidity = 27
| Dec humidity = 31
| year humidity = 31
| Jan uv = 5
| Feb uv = 6
| Mar uv = 8
| Apr uv = 8
| May uv = 9
| Jun uv = 8
| Jul uv = 8
| Aug uv = 8
| Sep uv = 8
| Oct uv = 7
| Nov uv = 6
| Dec uv = 4
| source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Jaisalmer Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 345–346
| access-date = 20 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M181
| access-date = 20 January 2021}}</ref>Time and Date (dewpoints, 2005-2015)<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/india/jaisalmer/climate
|title = Climate & Weather Averages in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan, India
|publisher = Time and Date
|access-date = 20 July 2022}}</ref>
| source 2 = Weather Atlas<ref name="Weather Atlas">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/india/jaisalmer-climate
| title = Climate and monthly weather forecast Jaisalmer, India
| publisher = Weather Atlas
| access-date = 13 June 2022
}}</ref>
| source =
| Jan dew point C = 7
| Feb dew point C = 10
| Mar dew point C = 13
| Apr dew point C = 14
| May dew point C = 17
| Jun dew point C = 22
| Jul dew point C = 24
| Aug dew point C = 24
| Sep dew point C = 23
| Oct dew point C = 18
| Nov dew point C = 13
| Dec dew point C = 9
}}

==Demographics==
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Jaisalmer City (2011)
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|89.93}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|8.20}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|yellow|0.54}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|blue|0.50}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|maroon|0.46}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|gold|0.07}}
}}

According to the 2011 census, Jaisalmer had a population of 65,471. Around 90% of the population is Hindu, 8.20% is Muslim and the remaining are Sikhs, Christians, and Jains.

== Economy ==
[[File:A Wind Energy farm and the Cenotaphs, the ancient and the modern, Jaisalmer Rajasthan India.jpg|thumb|[[Bada Bagh]] and windmill farms of Jaisalmer.]]
Tourism is a major industry in Jaisalmer. The Government of India initiated departmental exploration for oil in 1955–56 in the Jaisalmer area.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/2nd/2planch18.html |title=2nd Five Year Plan |access-date=30 March 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060414235126/http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/2nd/2planch18.html |archive-date=14 April 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Oil India|Oil India Limited]] discovered [[natural gas]] in 1988 in the [[Jaisalmer basin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oilindia.nic.in/ourcomp_spread_rajasthan.htm|title=Rajasthan Exploration Project (RP)
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060630062216/http://oilindia.nic.in/ourcomp_spread_rajasthan.htm |archive-date=30 June 2006 |access-date=30 January 2021}}</ref>

Musicians and dancers are also a major cultural export from Jaisalmer to the rest of the world. Manganiyar musicians have played the world over, and [[Queen Harish]],<ref>{{cite web|author=Sandip Roy, Special to The Chronicle |url=http://www.queen-harish.blogspot.com |title=Queen H A R I S H |website=Queen-harish.blogspot.com |date=5 July 2008 |access-date=19 August 2012}}</ref> the dancing desert drag queen, has toured the world over and has featured in international movies.

Jaisalmer is also known for its leather [[messenger bag]]s, made from wild camels native to the area.

==Culture/Cityscape==
=== Places of interest ===
====Jaisalmer Fort====
{{Main|Jaisalmer Fort}}
[[File:JaisalmerFort.jpg|thumb|500px|center|{{center|The Jaisalmer fort in Rajasthan.}}]]
Built in 1156 by the Bhati Rajput ruler Jaisal, [[Jaisalmer Fort]], situated on Meru Hill and named as ''Trikoot Garh'' has been the scene of many battles. Its massive [[sandstone]] walls are a pale yellow colour during the day, turning to a darker gold as the sun sets. The famous Indian film director [[Satyajit Ray]] wrote a detective novel and later turned it into a film − ''[[Sonar Kella]]'' (The Golden Fortress) which was based on this fort. About a quarter of city's population still live inside the fort. The main attractions inside the fort are the Raj Mahal (Royal [[palace]]), [[Jain]] temples and the Laxminath temple.

====Jain heritage of Jaisalmer====
A number of the most ornate buildings in Jaisalmer were built by its [[Jain community]], including [[derasar|temples]], notably the temples dedicated to the 16th [[Tirthankara]], [[Shantinath]], and 23rd Tirthankara, [[Parshvanath]].

There are seven Jain temples in total which are situated within the Jaisalmer fort built during the 12th and 15th centuries. Among these temples, the biggest is the ''Paraswanath Temple''; the others are ''Chandraprabhu temple'', ''[[Rishabhdeo|Rishabdev temple]]'', ''[[Shrinathji|Shitalnath Temple]]'', ''[[Kunthunatha|Kunthunath Temple]]'', and ''[[Shantinatha|Shantinath Temple]]''. Known for their exquisite work of art and architecture that was predominant in the medieval era the temples are built out of yellow sandstone and have intricate engravings on them.

Jaisalmer has some of the oldest libraries of India which contain rarest of the manuscripts and artefacts of Jain tradition. There are many [[Tirtha (Jainism)|pilgrimage centres]] around Jaisalmer such as [[Lodhruva]] (Lodarva), Amarsagar, Brahmsar and [[Pokhran|Pokharan]].

<gallery>
File:Jaisalmer, India, Jaisalmer Fort, Jain Temple Interior.jpg|Jain Haveli architecture
File:Lodurva Temples.jpg|[[Lodhurva Jain temple]]
File:Jaisalmer-6.jpg|[[Chhatris]] at [[Bada Bagh]]
File:N-RJ-87 Fort including Ancient Temples Jaisalmer SolReyes20100917 332.JPG|Chandraprabhu Jain Temple inside the Jaisalmer Fort
File:Jain temples, Jaisalmer Fort - panoramio.jpg|Jain Temple inside the Jaisalmer Fort
File:Parsvanatha Lodhruva.jpg|Parshvantha, Lodhruva Jain Temple
File:Umbrella roof.JPG|Ceiling of Jain temple inside the Jaisalmer Fort
File:Jaisalmer Jain Temple 17.jpg|Carving on the wall of Jain Temple, Jaisalmer Fort
</gallery>

====Museums====
* Thar heritage museum
* Baa RI Haveli On fort
* Desert Culture Centre & Museum
* [[Jaisalmer Folklore Museum]]
* Government Museum
* Jaisalmer Fort Palace Museum
* [[Jaisalmer War Museum]]
* [[Akal Wood Fossil Park|Akal Fossil Park Museum]]
* Cactus Park Museum, Kuldhara
* [[Tanot Mata|Tanot Museum]]

====Other====
[[File:Gadsisar Lake Sunset.jpg|thumb|Gadsisar Lake]]
[[Ramdevra]] a village in Jaisalmer is named after Baba Ramdevji, a Tanwar Rajput and a saint who took Samādhi in 1384 CE, at the age of 33 years. He is worshiped today by many social groups of India as Ishta-deva.

[[File:Gadsisar_lake,_Jaisalmer_(retouched).jpg|thumb|Gadsisar lake, Jaisalmer]]
* [[Gadisar Lake]] – Excavated in 1367 by Rawal Gadsi Singh, it is a scenic rainwater lake surrounded by the small temples and shrines of Amar Sagar. Earlier, this lake was used to be the main water source of Jaisalmer. Due to an increased water demand for agriculture, the lake is increasingly threatened to dry out.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dont-complain.com/2014/03/06/jaisalmer-rajasthan/|title=Jaisalmer, Rajasthan - Don't Complain Travel|date=6 March 2014|website=Dont-complain.com|access-date=15 September 2018}}</ref>

====In neighbourhood====
*[[Bada Bagh]], a complex with [[chhatri]]s of [[Jai Singh II]] (d. 1743) and subsequent Maharajas of Jaisalmer
*[[Lodhruva]]
*[[Desert National Park]]
*[[Bhaniyana]]
*[[Lanela]]
*[[Battle of Longewala]] point

[[File:Kuldhara.JPG|thumb|Remains of houses in [[Kuldhara]] – The deserted village of Rajasthan]]

====Desert festival====
[[File:A jumping camel.jpg|thumb|A jumping camel in Desert Festival]]
[[Desert Festival]] of Jaisalmer is the most awaited and famous cultural and colourful event of Rajasthan. Camel races, Turban-tying and Mr. Desert competitions are organised. It is held in the month of February every year. The festival showcases Rajasthani folk songs and dance and it is very attractive to foreign tourists. Gair and Fire dancers which are the major attraction of the Jaisalmer desert festival celebrations. This is the best time to visit Jaisalmer to witness performing arts like Kalbelia dances and folk songs and music.

== Transport ==
{{mapframe|frame=yes|type=point|zoom=SWITCH:4,6,10|switch=zoomed out, zoomed mid, zoomed in}}
Jaisalmer is connected to the rest of Rajasthan by buses provided by [[Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation|Rajasthan State Transport Corporation]] as well as other private bus operators.

[[Jaisalmer Airport]] is located 17 kilometres southeast of Jaisalmer. Flights serve Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Jaipur, Ahmedabad, Surat and Jodhpur.

[[Jaisalmer railway station]] runs daily trains between Jaisalmer and Jaipur, through which it is connected to Delhi and other cities all over India. This station comes under Jodhpur (JU) division of the Northwestern Railway (NWR). Additionally, there exists a luxury tourist train known as [[Palace on Wheels|Palace On Wheels]], which covers the major tourist destinations of Rajasthan, including Jaisalmer.

==In popular culture==
* ''[[Gupi Gayen Bagha Bayen]]'' (1969), a [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali]] film, directed by [[Satyajit Ray]], was partly shot at Jaisalmer Fort.
* ''[[Sonar Kella]]'' (1974) (Golden Fortress) [[Satyajit Ray]]'s Bengali film, based on his eponymous novel featuring his creation, the detective [[Feluda]], was based in Jaisalmer and surrounding areas.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sonar Qila|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/sonar-qila/48364/0 |newspaper=[[The Financial Express (India)|Financial Express]] |date=9 January 2004 |access-date=30 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://virajbhansali.blogspot.in/2012/11/jaisalmer.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/2012.12.18-152627/http://virajbhansali.blogspot.in/2012/11/jaisalmer.html|url-status=dead|title=Jaisalmer Photos|archive-date=18 December 2012|access-date=27 December 2019}}</ref>
* ''[[Hothat Brishti]]'' (1998), a Bengali film was shot in Jaisalmer.
* ''[[Nanhe Jaisalmer]]'' (2007), [[Bollywood|Hindi]] film shot in Jaisalmer.
* ''Goray Gondogol'' (2012), a Bengali film was partly shot in Jaisalmer.
* ''[[Kishore Kumar Junior]]'' (2018), a Bengali film was partly shot in Jaisalmer.
* ''Soul of Jaisalmer'' (Hindi non-feature film 2016) made by Abenezer Inder. This film is based on traditional water step well of Jaisalmer and was filmed in Gadsisar, Amar Sagar, Bada Bagh and many more far location of Jaisalmer.

== See also ==
*[[Paramara]], Dalvi-Deshmukh of Nasik originating from Jaisalmer
*[[Indira Gandhi Canal]]
*[[Pokhran]]
*[[Rajkumari Ratnavati Girl's School]], a school in the rural thar desert of Jaisalmer with unique architect
*[[Baba Ramdevji]], the 14th century ruler
*[[Tanot Mata]]
*[[Kuldhara]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*Bhati, Hari Singh. 2002. ''ANNALS OF JAISALMER: A Pre-Mediaeval History''. Kavi Prakashan, Bikaner.
*Gahlot, Sukhvirsingh. 1992. ''RAJASTHAN: Historical & Cultural''. J. S. Gahlot Research Institute, Jodhpur.
*Somani, Ram Vallabh. 1993. ''History of Rajasthan''.
*Tod, James & Crooke, William. 1829. ''Annals & Antiquities of '''Rajasthan''' or the Central and Western Rajput States of India''. 3 Vols. Reprint: Low Price Publications, Delhi. 1990. {{ISBN|81-85395-68-3}} (set of 3 vols.)
*Spirit Desert Camp Best Desert Camp in Jaisalmer Visit https://campinjaisalmer.in/

==External links==







*
* {{osmrelation-inline|1798847}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Jaisalmer|short=x}}

{{Jaisalmer district}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Jaisalmer district]]
[[Category:Former capital cities in India]]
[[Category:Jaisalmer| ]]

Jaisalmer - Revision history

WikiDwarfBOT at 03:15, 22 July 2023