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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jajpur
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Biraja Temple, Jajpur, Odisha, India, 13th century.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = The [[Biraja Temple]] in Jajpur
| pushpin_map = India Odisha#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Odisha, India
| coordinates = {{coord|20.85|N|86.33|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Odisha]]
| subdivision_type2 = district
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jajpur district|Jajpur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 10th century
| founder = Jajati Keshari
| named_for =
| government_type = Municipality
|| governing_body =
| leader_title = Collector and District Magistrate of Jajpur
| leader_name = Chakravarti Singh Rathore<ref>{{cite web|title=Collector & District Magistrate of Jajpur District|url=http://ordistricts.nic.in/administration/collectorate.php|website=District Portal Jajpur|access-date=20 October 2016}}</ref>
| leader_title2 = Superintendent of Police
| leader_name2 = Shri Rahul P R<ref>{{Cite web|title=Who’s Who {{!}} Jajpur District:Odisha {{!}} India|url=https://jajpur.nic.in/about-district/whos-who/|access-date=2021-05-06|language=en-US}}</ref>
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 2887.69
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 8
| population_total = 37,458
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 620
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census2011Gov"/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Odia language|Odia]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 755...
| registration_plate = '''OD-04''' &'''OD-34'''
| blank_name_sec1 = [[UN/LOCODE]]
| blank_info_sec1 =
| website = www.jajpur.nic.in
| footnotes =
}}
'''Jajpur<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Das|first=Saudamini|last2=Vincent|first2=Jeffrey R.|last3=Daily|first3=Gretchen C.|date=2009|title=Mangroves Protected Villages and Reduced Death Toll during Indian Super Cyclone|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40483277|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=106|issue=18|pages=7357–7360|issn=0027-8424}}</ref>''' (also known as '''Jajapur''') is a town and a [[municipality]] in [[Jajpur district]] in the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Odisha]]. It was the capital of the [[Kesari dynasty]], later supplanted by [[Cuttack]].<ref name="Census2011Gov"/><ref name="Rout 1988 p. 35">{{cite book | last=Rout | first=K.C. | title=Local Self-government in British Orissa, 1869-1935 | publisher=Daya Publishing House | year=1988 | isbn=978-81-7035-046-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7TJoB-TQy4EC&pg=PA35 | access-date=21 June 2019 | page=35}}</ref> Now, it is the headquarter of [[Jajpur district]].

== Etymology and names ==
Jajpur,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nath|first=Suryakant|date=2013|title=GANDHI'S HARIJAN PADYATRA IN ORISSA IN 1934: CLAIMS OVER A CONTESTED SOCIAL SPACE|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44158858|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=74|pages=564–570|issn=2249-1937}}</ref> the place of the ancient [[Biraja Temple]], was originally known as Biraja. Other names of the town in the ancient texts include Viranja, Varanja-nagara, Varaha-tirtha.{{sfn|Thomas E. Donaldson|2001|p=51}} The [[Bhauma-Kara dynasty|Bhauma-Kara]] kings established their capital city of Guhadevapataka (or Guheshvarapataka), identified with modern Gohiratikar (or Gohiratikra) near Jajpur.{{sfn|Thomas E. Donaldson|2001|p=6}} The later [[Somavaṃśī dynasty|Somavanshi]] kings moved their capital from Yayatinagara (modern [[Binika|Binka]]) to Guheshvarapataka, and renamed the town Abhinava-Yayatinagara ("the new city of Yayati").{{sfn|Thomas E. Donaldson|2001|p=51}}

Later, the Jajpur<ref>{{Citation|last=Saran|first=Richard D.|title=THE TRANSLATIONS|date=2001|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3998/mpub.19305.15|work=The Mertiyo Rathors of Merto, Rajasthan|pages=81–216|series=Select Translations Bearing on the History of a Rajput Family, 1462–1660, Volumes 1–2|publisher=University of Michigan Press|doi=10.3998/mpub.19305.15#metadata_info_tab_contents|isbn=978-0-89148-085-3|access-date=2021-05-06|last2=Ziegler|first2=Norman P.}}</ref> town came to be known as Yajanagara. According to one theory, this name is a corruption of "Yayatinagara". Another theory is that it derives from the [[Brahmanism|Brahmanical]] sacrifices (''[[Yajna]]'') that became popular during the [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Ganga]]-[[Gajapati Kingdom|Gajapati]] period (11th-16th century).{{sfn|Kailash Chandra Dash|2010|p=169}} In the Muslim chronicles such as ''[[Tabaqat-i-Nasiri]]'' and ''Tarikh-i-Firuzshahi'', the town's name was mentioned as "Jajnagar". Later, the suffix "''-nagar''" ("town") was replaced with the equivalent "''[[pur (Vedic)|-pur]]''", and the town's name became "Jajpur".{{sfn|Thomas E. Donaldson|2001|p=51}}

==History==
Earliest account of Jajpur is part of the history of the Odisha. It was the capital of Keshari King Yayati Keshari in 473 CE.<ref name="Asiatic Society (Calcutta Asiatic Society of Bengal 1871 p. 151">{{cite book | last=Asiatic Society (Calcutta | first=India) | author2=Asiatic Society of Bengal | title=Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal | publisher=Bishop's College Press | issue=v. 40 | year=1871 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RBngAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA151 | access-date=21 June 2019 | page=151}}</ref> Accounts by Chinese travelers mention Jajpur as capital in 7th century. It has been a center of Tantrism. The Buddhist kingdom of Bhauma Karas also kept Jajpur as their capital in 8th century CE. Many Buddhist structures have been unearthed in and around Jajpur that point to the Buddhist past of the town.<ref name="Rout 1988 p. 35">{{cite book | last=Rout | first=K.C. | title=Local Self-government in British Orissa, 1869-1935 | publisher=Daya Publishing House | year=1988 | isbn=978-81-7035-046-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7TJoB-TQy4EC&pg=PA35 | access-date=21 June 2019 | page=35}}</ref><ref name="Deshpande 2013 p. 245">{{cite book | last=Deshpande | first=A. | title=Buddhist India Rediscovered | publisher=Jaico Publishing House | year=2013 | isbn=978-81-8495-247-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nbUQAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT245 | access-date=21 June 2019 | page=245}}</ref>

==Geography and climate==
{{climate chart
|Jajpur<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Chhotray|first=G. P.|last2=Pal|first2=B. B.|last3=Khuntia|first3=H. K.|last4=Chowdhury|first4=N. R.|last5=Chakraborty|first5=S.|last6=Yamasaki|first6=S.|last7=Ramamurthy|first7=T.|last8=Takeda|first8=Y.|last9=Bhattacharya|first9=S. K.|last10=Nair|first10=G. Balakrish|date=2002|title=Incidence and Molecular Analysis of Vibrio cholerae Associated with Cholera Outbreak Subsequent to the Super Cyclone in Orissa, India|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3865257|journal=Epidemiology and Infection|volume=128|issue=2|pages=131–138|issn=0950-2688}}</ref>
|15.2|29.2|41.3
|18.7|32.3|26.0
|22.6|35.4|27.8
|25.0|37.0|48.5
|26.2|37.5|130.5
|26.1|34.7|243.4
|25.5|32.3|340.6
|25.3|31.8|401.1
|25.0|32.3|269.5
|23.3|32.0|195.8
|19.1|30.7|37.2
|15.0|29.0|38.5
|float=right
|clear=right
}}
Jajpur is located at {{Coord|20.85|N|86.33|E|}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Maps, Weather, Videos, and Airports for Jajpur, India|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/21/Jajpur.html}}</ref> and has an average elevation of {{convert|8|m|ft}}. The climate of Jajpur District is normal as per Indian standards. All the seasons arrive in the District at their usual time. The District's average height from the sea level is 331 m and its average rain fall is 1014.5 mm. The average maximum and minimum temperatures are 40 degree C and 10 degree C respectively. Overall, the climate of the District is neither hotter nor cooler. The summer season is from March to June when the climate is hot and humid. Thunderstorms are common at the height of the summer. The monsoon months are from July to October when the town receives most of its rainfall from the South West Monsoon. The annual rainfall is around 1014.5 mm. The winter season from November to February is characterised by mild temperatures and occasional showers.
{{Weather box
|location= Jajpur
|metric first= yes
|single line= yes
|Jan high C= 29.2
|Feb high C= 32.3
|Mar high C= 35.4
|Apr high C= 37.0
|May high C= 37.5
|Jun high C= 34.7
|Jul high C= 32.3
|Aug high C= 31.8
|Sep high C= 32.3
|Oct high C= 32.0
|Nov high C= 30.7
|Dec high C= 29.0
|Jan low C= 15.2
|Feb low C= 18.7
|Mar low C= 22.6
|Apr low C= 25.0
|May low C= 26.2
|Jun low C= 26.1
|Jul low C= 25.5
|Aug low C= 25.3
|Sep low C= 25.0
|Oct low C= 23.3
|Nov low C= 19.1
|Dec low C= 15.0
|Jan precipitation mm= 41.3
|Feb precipitation mm= 26.0
|Mar precipitation mm= 27.8
|Apr precipitation mm= 48.5
|May precipitation mm= 130.6
|Jun precipitation mm= 243.4
|Jul precipitation mm= 340.6
|Aug precipitation mm= 401.1
|Sep precipitation mm= 269.5
|Oct precipitation mm= 195.8
|Nov precipitation mm= 37.2
|Dec precipitation mm= 38.5
|source= [http://www.meoweather.com/history/India/na/20.5/85.833333/Jajpur.html Jajpur Weather]
|date= June 2012
}}

==Demographics==
{{mapframe|frame=yes|type=point|zoom=SWITCH:4,6,10|switch=zoomed out, zoomed mid, zoomed in}}
As of [[2011 Indian Census]], Jajpur municipality had a total population of 37,458, of which 19,216 were males and 18,242 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 3,823. The total number of literates in Jajpur was 29,975, which constituted 80.0% of the population with male literacy of 83.5% and female literacy of 76.4%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Jajpur was 89.1%, of which male literacy rate was 92.9% and female literacy rate was 85.1%. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] population was 6,363 and 565 respectively. Jajpur had 8198 households in 2011.<ref name="Census2011Gov">{{cite web |title=Census of India: Jajpur |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=448457 |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |access-date=7 January 2021}}</ref>

==Education==
===Colleges===
*[[N.C. Autonomous College, Jajpur|N.C. Autonomous College]], Jajpur Town
*[[Sadhu Goureswar College|S G College]], Kanikapada, Jajpur
*[[Vyasanagar College|V. N. Autonomous College]], Jajpur Road

==See also==
* [[Chari Kshetra]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===

{{ref begin}}
* {{cite journal |author=Kailash Chandra Dash |title=A traditional account on Yayati Keshari: Its formation and historical authenticity |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=71 |issue=2010-2011 |year=2010 |pages=165–178 |jstor=44147485 }}
* {{cite book |author=Thomas E. Donaldson |title=Iconography of the Buddhist Sculpture of Orissa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DbxE8zOuRbUC&pg=PA51 |year=2001 |publisher=Abhinav |isbn=978-81-7017-406-6 }}
{{ref end}}

==External links==
{{EB1911 Poster|Jājpur}}
* {{official website|https://jajpur.nic.in/}}

{{Jajpur district}}
{{Municipalities of Odisha}}

[[Category:Jajpur district]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Jajpur district]]

Jajpur - Revision history

UpdateBot at 07:57, 10 December 2021