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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Indian melodic percussion instrument}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox instrument<br />
| name = Jaltarang<br />
| image = Jaltarang music concert by Vidushi Shashikala Dani at Banker's Colony Hubballi.jpg<br />
| image_size = 280<br />
| caption = Vidushi [[Shashikala Dani]] playing the Jal Tarang in 2014<br />
| alt = Vidushi Shashikala Dani sitting on the ground with water bowls laid out in front of her as she plays music on them<br />
| background = percussion<br />
| names = {{hlist|Jaltarang|jal-tarang|jal-yantra, jalatarangam|jalatharangam}}<br />
| classification = Percussion<br />
| inventors =<br />
| related =<br />
| musicians = {{hlist|Kumar Pankaj Sakharkar|Shankar Kanhere|Dattopant Mangalvedhekar|Ramrao Parsatwaar|Master Maharnahar Barve|Milind Tulankar|Dulal Roy|Ranjana Pradhan|Chintamani Jain|[[Seetha Doraiswamy]]|[[Shashikala Dani]]|[[Anayampatti S. Ganesan]]|Anayampatti S. Dhandapani|Devendra Sivachariyar|Nemani Somayajulu|Kottayam T.S Ajith and Vikas Achutharamaih|Gajanan Ambade|Sanjay Sant|Sugnan Dani}}<br />
| developed = 4th–6th centuries CE<br />
| range =<br />
| hornbostel_sachs = 111.242.11<br />
| hornbostel_sachs_desc = Resting bells whose opening faces upward<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''''jal tarang''''' (Hindi: जलतरंग) is a melodic percussion instrument that originates from the Indian subcontinent. It consists of a set of ceramic or metal bowls filled with water. The bowls are played by striking the edge with beaters, one in each hand.<br />
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==History==<br />
The earliest mention of the Jaltarang is found in 'Vatsyayana's Kamasutra' as playing on musical glasses filled with water.<ref name="Vatsyayana">"[http://www.readcentral.com/chapters/Vatsyayana/The-Kama-Sutra-of-Vatsyayana/004 The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana]", ''ReadCentral.com''.</ref> Jal-tarang was also mentioned in the medieval ''Sangeet Parijaat'' text, which categorized this instrument under ''Ghan-Vadya'' (idiophonic instruments in which sound is produced by striking a surface, also called concussion [[idiophone]]s.) The ''SangeetSaar'' text considers 22 cups to be a complete jal tarang and 15 cups to be one of mediocre status. The cups, of varying sizes, are made of either bronze or porcelain. Jal-tarang was also called jal-yantra in medieval times, and poets of the [[Krishna]] cult (also called Ashtachhap poets) have mentioned this instrument.<ref>{{cite book|author=Lalmani Misra|author-link=Lalmani Misra|title=[[Bharatiya Sangeet Vadya]] |year=1973 |ISBN=81-263-0727-7}} {{page needed|date=August 2014}}</ref><br />
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In modern days, it has fallen into obscurity. Literally, jal tarang means 'waves in water', but it indicates motion of sound created or modified with the aid of water. Among wave-instruments, it is the most prominent and ancient. This traditional instrument is used in Indian classical music. Some scholars think that in the ancient period these were in routine use around the eastern border of India.<br />
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==Details==<br />
[[File:JalTarang Omenad.jpg|alt=row of bowls, mostly filled with water|thumb|Porcelain jal tarang bowls]]<br />
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Today only porcelain bowls are preferred by artists. Cups for Manda Swar (notes of lower octave) are large while those for Taar Swar (notes of higher octaves) are smaller in size. Water is poured into the cups and the pitch is changed by adjusting the volume of water. The number of cups depends on the melody being played. The bowls are mostly arranged in a semicircle in front of the player, who can then reach them all easily. The player softly hits the cups with a wooden stick on the border to obtain the sound. Tuning the instrument isn't easy and requires some skill. While playing, fine nuances can be obtained if the performer is accomplished. ''SangeetSaar'' mentions that if the player can rotate the water through a quick light touch of the stick, nuances and finer variations of the note can be achieved.<br />
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==See also==<br />
* [[Water drum]]<br />
* [[Hydraulophone]]<br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
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{{Indian musical instruments}}<br />
{{Water instruments}}<br />
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[[Category:Indian musical instruments]]<br />
[[Category:Pitched percussion instruments]]</div>WikiDwarfBOT