111.119.185.80 at 04:59, 12 December 2022

2022-12-12T04:59:34Z

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{{Short description|Former Pakistan Air Force Chief}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[Air Chief Marshal]]
| name = Jamal Ahmad Khan {{nq|جمال احمد خان}}
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = 
| honorific_suffix = [[File:Sitara - i -Jurat .png|30px]] '''[[Sitara-e-Jurat]]''' {{small|[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|NI(M)]]&ensp;&ensp;[[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|HI(M)]]&ensp;&ensp;[[Sitara-e-Jurat|SJ]]&ensp;&ensp;[[Sitara-i-Imtiaz|SI(M)]]&ensp;&ensp;[[Sitara-e-Basalat|SBt]]}}
| caption =
| order = [[Chief of Air Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Air Staff]]
| office =
| term_start = 6 March 1985
| term_end = 9 March 1988
| alongside = 
| monarch =
| president =
| governor_general =
| primeminister =
| taoiseach =
| chancellor =
| governor =
| vicepresident =
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| succeeding = 
| parliamentarygroup =
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| predecessor = [[Air Chief Marshal|ACM]] [[Anwar Shamim|Anvar Shamim]]
| successor = ACM [[Hakeemullah Khan Durrani|H.K. Durrani]]
| prior_term =
| order2 = [[President (corporate title)|President]] of [[Pakistan Squash Federation]]
| office2 = 
| term_start2 = 1987
| term_end2 = 1988
| alongside2 = 
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| pronunciation =
| birth_name = Jamal Ahmad Khan Afridi
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1934|04|15}}
| birth_place = [[Farrukhabad]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[British Indian Empire|British India]] {{small|(Present-day in [[Uttar Pradesh, India|Uttar Pradesh]] in [[India]])}}
| death_date = 
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| citizenship = {{PAK}}
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| relations = [[8-Pass Charlie|Air Commodore (R) Najeeb A. Khan]] (Brother)
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| nickname = ''Jamal''
| allegiance = {{PAK}}
| branch = {{air force|PAK}}
| serviceyears = 1952–1988
| rank = [[File:ACM.png|10px]][[File:US-O10 insignia.svg|30px]][[Air chief marshal|Air Chief Marshal]] '''Pak/5057'''
| unit = [[No. 11 Squadron Arrows|No. 11 Squadron ''Arrows'']]
| commands = [[Vice Chief of Air Staff (Pakistan)|Vice Chief of the Air Staff]] [[Deputy Chief of Air Staff|DCAS (Air Operations)]] [[Pakistan Armed Forces International deployments|Pakistan Armed Forces–Middle East Command]] [[United Arab Emirates Air Force|UAE Air Force]] [[Judge Advocate General Branch (Pakistan)|JAG Corps, Air Force]] [[Assistant Chief of Air Staff|ACAS (Plans)]]
| battles = [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965]] [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971]]
| mawards = [[File:Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png|40px]] {{small|[[Nishan-i-Imtiaz|Nishan-e-Imtiaz (Military)]]}} [[File:Hilal-e-Imtiaz.png|40px]] {{small|[[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|Hilal-e-Imtiaz (Military)]]}} [[File:Sitara-e-Jurat.png|40px]] {{small|[[Sitara-e-Jurat]]}} [[File:Sitara-e-Imtiaz.png|40px]] {{small|[[Sitara-i-Imtiaz|Sitara-e-Imtiaz (Military)]]}} [[File:Sitara-e-Basalat.png|40px]] {{small|[[Sitara-i-Basalat|Sitara-e-Basalat]]}} 
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}}

[[Air Chief Marshal]] '''Jamal Ahmad Khan Afridi''' {{small|{{small|[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|NI(M)]] [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|HI(M)]] [[Sitara-e-Jurat|SJ]] [[Sitara-i-Imtiaz|SI(M)]] [[Sitara-e-Basalat|SBt]]}}}} ({{lang-ur|{{nq|جمال احمد خان}}}} ; b. 15 April 1934) is a retired [[Four-star rank|four-star]] [[air officer]] who tenured as the [[Chief of Air Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Air Staff]] of the [[Pakistan Air Force]] from 1985 until 1988.<ref name="ISPR (Air Force Division)">{{cite web|title=PAKISTAN AIR FORCE - Official website|url=http://www.paf.gov.pk/cas_galleries.html|website=www.paf.gov.pk|publisher=ISPR (Air Force Division)|accessdate=8 January 2022}}</ref> In addition, he also commanded the [[United Arab Emirates Air Force]] as its commander in 1977 until 1980.

==Biography==
[[File:83d Fighter-Interceptor Squadron - F-104s 1958.jpg|thumb|left|250px|[[F-104 Starfighter|F-104]] in flight. Wing Commander Jamal Khan shot down Indian [[English Electric Canberra|''Canberra'']] in [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|1965]] and [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|1971]].{{rp|80}}<ref name="Bloomsbury Publishing, 2014"/><ref name="Defence Journal, 2000" />]]
Jamal Ahmad Khan was born in [[Kaimganj]], [[Farrukhabad district]] in [[British Indian Empire|India]], on 15 April 1934.<ref name="A.P.H. Publishing Corporation, 2001">{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Nagendra Kr|title=Encyclopaedia of Muslim Biography: I-M|date=2001|publisher=A.P.H. Publishing Corporation|isbn=9788176482332|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qVtuAAAAMAAJ&q=jamal+ahmad+khan+farrukhabad|accessdate=8 January 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref name="West of England Press, 1986">{{cite book|title=The Army Quarterly and Defence Journal|date=1986|publisher=West of England Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jpArAAAAYAAJ&q=jamal+|accessdate=8 January 2018|language=en}}</ref>

In 1952, he joined the [[Pakistan Air Force]] and was sent to attend the [[Pakistan Air Force Academy]] in [[Risalpur]], and was one of the few cadets who were selected to attend the [[United States Air Force Academy]] in [[Colorado]], [[United States]].{{rp|348–349}}<ref name="Shaheen Foundation, 2001">{{cite book|last1=Shaikh|first1=A. Rashid|title=The Story of the Pakistan Air Force, 1988-1998: A Battle Against Odds|date=2000|publisher=Shaheen Foundation|location=Karachi, Pakistan|isbn=9789698553005|pages=414|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FbLfAAAAMAAJ&q=+Supermarine+Attackers|accessdate=8 January 2018|language=en-pk|format=google books}}</ref> Upon completing the [[Aviation Cadet Training Program (USAAF)|pilot training program]] from the [[USAF Academy]] in 1953, Khan gained the [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] in the [[No. 11 Squadron (Pakistan Air Force)|No. 11 Squadron ''Arrows'']], initially trained to fly the British [[Supermarine Attacker]].{{rp|349}}<ref name="Shaheen Foundation, 2001"/> He was further trained in the [[United States]] as a [[test pilot]], eventually qualified to fly the [[Lockheed F-104 Starfighter|F-104 Starfighter]].{{rp|349}}<ref name="Shaheen Foundation, 2001"/>{{rp|contents}}<ref name="Pen and Sword, 2016">{{cite book|last1=Bowman|first1=Martin|title=Cold War Jet Combat: Air-to-Air Jet Fighter Operations 1950-1972|date=2016|publisher=Pen and Sword|isbn=9781473874626|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jliqCwAAQBAJ&q=air+chief+jamal+a+khan+Lockheed+F-104+Starfighter&pg=PT135|accessdate=8 January 2018|language=en}}</ref>

In 1965, [[Squadron Leader|Squadron-Leader]] Jamal flew his [[F-104]] to [[Interceptor aircraft|intercept]] the [[Indian Air Force]]'s [[English Electric Canberra]] at {{convert|33000|ft|m}} above, shooting down the [[English Electric Canberra|''Canberra'']] with a [[Sidewinder (missile)|Sidewinder]] near the [[Fazilka district]], inside Pakistani territory.<ref name="Defence Journal, 2000">{{cite web|last1=Hali, PAF|first1=Gp-Capt (Col.) S.M.|last2=Sehgal|first2=Ikram|title=F-104 Starfighters in Pakistan Air Force|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/may/f-104.htm|website=www.defencejournal.com|publisher=Defence Journal, 2000|accessdate=8 January 2018|location=Islamabad, Pakistan|language=en-pk|date=May 2000}}</ref> This was recorded as the first kill achieved by an [[F-104]] at night after a number of near misses.<ref name="Defence Journal, 2000"/>{{rp|94}}<ref name="Bloomsbury Publishing, 2014"/>

In 1971, [[Wing Commander (rank)|Wing-Commander]] Jamal continued flying his [[F-104]] on the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971#Attacks on Pakistan|western front]] of the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971#Attacks on Pakistan|third war]] with [[India]]. [[Wing Commander (rank)|Wg-Cdr.]] Jamal shot down, with [[AIM-9 Sidewinder|AIM-9B]] missile, another [[English Electric Canberra|''Canberra'']], which resulting in [[perish]]ing its pilot.{{rp|80}}<ref name="Bloomsbury Publishing, 2014">{{cite book|last1=Davies|first1=Peter E.|title=F-104 Starfighter Units in Combat|date=2014|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|location=Bloomington, IN, USA|isbn=9781780963143|pages=100|edition=1st|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NFebCwAAQBAJ&q=Jamal&pg=PA94|accessdate=8 January 2018|language=en-us|chapter-format=google books|chapter={{small|Mach Power 2}}}}</ref>

After the war, [[Group captain|Group Captain]] Jamal was posted on a Command Operations Center at the [[Air Headquarters (Pakistan Air Force)|Air AHQ]] in [[Islamabad]] until appointed as [[base commander]] of the [[Sargodha Airbase|Sargodha Air Force Base]].{{rp|351}}<ref name="Shaheen Foundation, 2001" /><ref name="Excerpts">{{cite book|title=Excerpts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FbLfAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA351|isbn = 9789698553005|last1 = Rashid Shaikh|first1 = A.|year = 2000}}</ref> In 1975, [[Air Commodore]] Jamal joined the [[Judge Advocate General Branch (Pakistan)|JAG Corps, Air Force]], appointed its [[chief inspector]] and later [[Judge advocate|judge advocate general]].{{rp|351}}<ref name="Shaheen Foundation, 2001" /> For sometimes, Air Cdre. Jamal served as the [[Assistant Chief of Air Staff|ACAS (Plans)]] at the [[Air Headquarters (Pakistan Air Force)|Air AHQ]] before promoting to the [[two-star rank]], [[Air vice-marshal]].{{rp|351}}<ref name="Shaheen Foundation, 2001" />

In 1977, [[Air vice-marshal|AVM]] Jamal Khan was posted as an [[Air officer commanding|AOC]] at the [[Pakistan Armed Forces International deployments|Pakistan Armed Forces–Middle East Command]], and taken as [[secondment]] when he took over the command of the [[United Arab Emirates Air Force]] as its commander until 1980.{{rp|351}}<ref name="Shaheen Foundation, 2001" /> During this time, [[Air vice-marshal|AVM]] Jamal took over the command of the [[Pakistan Armed Forces International deployments|Pakistan Armed Forces–Middle East Command]], serving its commander until 1980.{{rp|195–197}}<ref>{{cite book|title=IDSA News Review on South Asia/Indian Ocean|date=1985|publisher=Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses|language=en}}</ref> Upon returning, [[Air vice-marshal|AVM]] Jamal flew the [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-19|MiG-19]] and [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21|MiG-21]] for test trial purposes.{{rp|110}}<ref name="Pakistan Air Force, 1982">{{cite book|last1=Hussain|first1=Syed Shabbir|last2=Qureshi|first2=M. Tariq|title=History of the Pakistan Air Force, 1947-1982|date=1982|publisher=Pakistan Air Force|isbn=978-0-19-648045-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aa8jAAAAMAAJ&q=avm+jamal|accessdate=8 January 2018|language=en}}</ref> During this time, he went to the [[United States]] to complete his training to fly the [[F-16 Fighting Falcon|F-16A]] and is also the first Pakistani to fly the [[F-16 Fighting Falcon|F-16A]] in the [[United States]], and returned to Pakistan.{{rp|349–351}}<ref name="Shaheen Foundation, 2001" />

In 1982–83, [[Air Marshal|Air-Marshal]] Jamal was appointed as [[Deputy Chief of Air Staff|DCAS (Air Operation)]], and later appointed as [[Vice Chief of the Air Staff (Pakistan)|Vice Chief of Air Staff]] in 1984.{{rp|349}}<ref name="Shaheen Foundation, 2001" />

In 1985, [[Air Marshal|Air-Mshl.]] Jamal was promoted to [[Four-star rank|four-star]] rank, [[Air Chief Marshal]], and took over the command of the [[Pakistan Air Force|Air Force]] as its [[Chief of Air Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Air Staff]].{{rp|199–200}}<ref name="Copley & Associates">{{cite book|last1=Copley|first1=Gregory R.|title=Defense & Foreign Affairs Strategic Policy|date=1985|publisher=Copley & Associates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AE0xAQAAIAAJ&q=Jamal+|accessdate=8 January 2018|language=en}}</ref> In 1987, [[Air Chief Marshal|ACM]] Jamal launched the [[Project Sabre II|project to develop and design]] a fighter jet, with the [[Grumman Aerospace]] as its [[Consulting engineer|consultant]].{{rp|145}}<ref name="Springer, 2001">{{cite book|last1=Siddiqa-Agha|first1=A.|title=Pakistan's Arms Procurement and Military Buildup, 1979-99: In Search of a Policy|date=2001|publisher=Springer|isbn=9780230513525|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=beJ8DAAAQBAJ&q=Sabre&pg=PA145|accessdate=8 January 2018|language=en}}</ref> After completing his tenure, [[Air Chief Marshal|ACM]] {{small|([[Four star General|Gen.]])}} Jamal was succeeded by ACM [[Hakeemullah Khan Durrani|H.K. Durrani]] on 6 March 1988.{{rp|180}}<ref name="Westview Press, 1991">{{cite book|last1=Burki|first1=Shahid Javed|last2=Baxter|first2=Craig|author2-link = Craig Baxter |last3=LaPorte|first3=Robert|last4=Azfar|first4=Kamal|title=Pakistan Under the Military: Eleven Years of Zia Ul-Haq|date=1991|publisher=Westview Press|isbn=9780813379852|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UG5uAAAAMAAJ&q=air+chief+jamal+a+khan|language=en}}</ref> After his retirement, he settled in [[Islamabad]], and worked as an [[Aviation History|aviation historian]], contributing on the book on aerial aviation, ''The Story of the Pakistan Air Force, 1988-1998: A Battle Against Odds''.{{rp|351}}<ref name="Excerpts"/>

== Awards & Decorations ==
{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
| colspan="4" |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=PAF GDP Red.png|width=250}}
|-
| colspan="4" |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png|width=130}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Hilal-e-Imtiaz.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Sitara-e-Jurat.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Sitara-e-Imtiaz.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Sitara-e-Basalat.png|width=130}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Diffa.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Sitara-e-Harb 1965 War Ribbon.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Sitara-e-Harb 1971 War.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Jang 1965 War.png|width=130}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e-Wiladat-e-Quaid-e-Azam.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Republic Medal 1956 (Pakistan).png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Hijri Tamgha.png|width=130}}
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
| colspan="4" |[[Pakistan Air Force|'''PAF''']] '''GD(P)''' Badge '''RED''' (More than '''3000''' Flying Hours)
|-
|
| colspan="2" |'''[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz]]'''
'''[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|(Military)]]'''

''(Order of Excellence)''
|
|-
|'''[[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|Hilal-e-Imtiaz]]'''
'''[[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|(Military)]]'''

''(Crescent of Excellence)''
|'''[[Sitara-e-Jurat]]'''
''(Star of Courage)''

'''[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|1965 War]]'''
|'''[[Sitara-i-Imtiaz|Sitara-e-Imtiaz]]'''
'''[[Sitara-i-Imtiaz|(Military)]]'''

''(Star of Excellence)''
|'''[[Sitara-e-Basalat]]'''
''(Star of Good Conduct)''
|-
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Campaign%20/%20war%20medals|Tamgha-e-Diffa]]'''
''(General Service Medal)''

'''1. [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|1965 War]] Clasp'''

'''2. [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|1971 War]] Clasp'''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Campaign / war medals|Sitara-e-Harb 1965 War]]'''
''(War Star 1965)''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Campaign / war medals|Sitara-e-Harb 1971 War]]'''
''(War Star 1971)''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Campaign / war medals|Tamgha-e-Jang 1965 War]]'''
''(War Medal 1965)''
|-
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Campaign / war medals|Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War]]'''
''(War Medal 1971)''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e-]]'''
'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Wiladat-e-Quaid-e-Azam]]'''

''(100th Birth Anniversary of''

''[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]])''

'''1976'''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Tamgha-e-Jamhuria]]'''
''(Republic Commemoration Medal)''

'''1956'''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Hijri Tamgha]]'''
''(Hijri Medal)''

'''1979'''
|}

==See also==
*[[F-104 Starfighter#Indo-Pakistani war of 1965|F-104 in the service of Pakistan Air Force]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090225095224/http://paffalcons.com/cas/index.php PAF s' Chief of Air Staffs]
*{{cite book|last1=Fricker|first1=John|title=Battle for Pakistan: The Air War of 1965|date=1979|publisher=I. Allan|isbn=9780711009295|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RPttAAAAMAAJ&q=jamal+|accessdate=8 January 2018|language=en}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Anwar Shamim]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief of Air Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Air Staff]]|years=1985 – 1988}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Hakimullah]]}}
{{end}}

{{Military of Pakistan}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Jamal A.}}
[[Category:1934 births]]
[[Category:People from Farrukhabad district]]
[[Category:Muhajir people]]
[[Category:Pakistani expatriates in the United States]]
[[Category:United States Air Force Academy alumni]]
[[Category:Pakistan Air Force officers]]
[[Category:Pakistani test pilots]]
[[Category:Pilots of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]
[[Category:Pakistani flying aces]]
[[Category:Pakistani military personnel of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]
[[Category:Pilots of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]
[[Category:Chiefs of Air Staff (United Arab Emirates)]]
[[Category:Pakistan Air Force air marshals]]
[[Category:Chiefs of Air Staff, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Military government of Pakistan (1977–1988)]]
[[Category:Recipients of Sitara-e-Jurat]]
[[Category:Recipients of Nishan-e-Imtiaz]]
[[Category:Pakistani military historians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Pakistani expatriates in the United Arab Emirates]]

Jamal A. Khan - Revision history

111.119.185.80 at 04:59, 12 December 2022