>Bashereyre at 07:14, 23 April 2021

2021-04-23T07:14:55Z

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{{use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Sir James Broadwood Lyall
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCIE}} {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|KCSI}}
| image = Tomb_Of_Sir_James_Lyall_In_Faisalabad_Pakistan..jpg
| caption = Sir James Broadwood Lyall monument in [[Faisalabad]], [[Pakistan]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1838|03|04|df=yes}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|1916|12|4|1838|03|04|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Eastry]], [[England]], [[United Kingdom]]
| other_names =
| known_for =
| alma_mater = [[Haileybury and Imperial Service College|Haileybury College]]
| notable_works =
| order1 = [[List of governors of Punjab (British India)|Lieutenant Governor of Punjab]]
| term_start1 = 2 April 1887
| term_end1 = 5 March 1892
| governor_general1 = [[Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava|The Marquess of Dufferin and Ava]]<br>[[Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne|The Marquess of Lansdowne]]
| predecessor1 = [[Charles Umpherston Aitchison|Sir Charles Umpherston Aitchison]]
| successor1 = [[Dennis Fitzpatrick (colonial administrator)|Sir Dennis Fitzpatrick]]
}}

'''Sir James Broadwood Lyall''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|GCIE|KCSI}} (4 March 1838 – 4 December 1916) was a British administrator in the [[Imperial Civil Service]] who served as [[List of governors of Punjab (British India)|Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab]] between 1887 and 1892.

==Background==
James Lyall was born on 4 March 1838.<ref name="winther"/> He was a son of [[Alfred Lyall (traveller)|Alfred Lyall]] and Mary Drummond.<ref>{{ODNBweb|id=34641|title=Lyall, Sir Alfred Comyn James}}</ref> His elder brother was [[Alfred Comyn Lyall]], and his paternal uncles included a [[Dean of Canterbury]], [[William Rowe Lyall]], and a chairman of the [[British East India Company]], [[George Lyall Sr.|George Lyall]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Satish Chandra |last=Mittal |title=India Distorted: A Study of British Historians on India |volume=2 |publisher=M.D. Publications |year=1995 |isbn=978-8-17533-018-4 |page=285 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jfA0bfl9L9UC&pg=PA285}}</ref> He was educated first at [[Eton College]] and then at [[Haileybury and Imperial Service College|Haileybury College]].<ref name="winther"/>

==Imperial Civil Service==
===Career===
He joined the Bengal Civil Service in 1857, arriving in [[British India|India]] the following year. He served with the [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]] commission until the end of 1859 and went on to serve as the financial commissioner of the Punjab.<ref name="winther"/> He was the first [[vice-chancellor]] of the [[University of the Punjab]], a post to which he was appointed in October 1882.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pu.edu.pk/page/show/former-vcs.html |title=University of the Punjab - Former Vice Chancellors |publisher=University of the Punjab |accessdate=2018-02-08 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706180827/http://pu.edu.pk/page/show/former-vcs.html |archivedate=6 July 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Between 1883 and 1887, Lyall served in southern India as the Resident in [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]] and [[List of Chief Commissioners of Coorg|Chief Commissioner]] of [[Coorg Province|Coorg]].<ref name="winther">{{cite book |first=Paul C. |last=Winther |title=Anglo-European Science and the Rhetoric of Empire: Malaria, Opium, and British Rule in India, 1756-1895 |publisher=Lexington Books |year=2003 |pages=135–137 |isbn=9780739112748 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CGfoZeWoopIC&pg=PA135}}</ref> From 1887 to1892, Lyall was [[List of governors of Punjab (British India)|Lieutenant Governor]] of the Punjab.<ref name="winther"/> He was appointed as a [[Order of the Star of India|Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India]] in 1888.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=9948 |date=5 June 1888 |page=574 |city=e}}</ref>

On 5 March 1892 he laid the foundation stone of the [[Khalsa College, Amritsar|Khalsa College]]. Lyall rejected calls by some of its founders to name it Lyall Khalsa College in honour of his contribution in establishing the college.<ref>Singh, Kashmir. “MANAGING COMMITTEE OF THE KHALSA COLLEGE AMRITSAR: ITS RELATIONS WITH BRITISH GOVERNMENT.” Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, vol. 44, 1983, pp. 392–398., www.jstor.org/stable/44139867. Accessed 6 Mar. 2021.</ref>

===Canal Colonies===
From 1882 Lyall was instrumental in formulating what would become known as the Triple Project, a bold plan to transform {{convert|6000000|acres|ha}} of desert into agricultural land through the development of [[Punjab Canal Colonies|canal colonies]].<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Journal of Punjab Studies |volume=14 |issue=1 |first=Ian A. |last=Talbot |title=Punjab Under Colonialism: Order and Transformation in British India |pages=3–10 |date=2007 |url=http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/sites/secure.lsit.ucsb.edu.gisp.d7_sp/files/sitefiles/journals/volume14/no1/14.1_Talbot.pdf |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209063024/http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/sites/secure.lsit.ucsb.edu.gisp.d7_sp/files/sitefiles/journals/volume14/no1/14.1_Talbot.pdf |archivedate=9 February 2018 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> As Lieutenant Governor he helped establish [[Lyallpur]], one of the first planned cities in British India, as the headquarters of the Chenab Colony and which was named in his honour. Later a new district was created in the Colony, also named in his honour - [[Faisalabad District|Lyallpur district]].<ref name="Punjab Canal Colonies">Douie, J. (1914). THE PUNJAB CANAL COLONIES. Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, 62(3210), 611-623. Retrieved March 5, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41341616</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://faisalabad.dc.lhc.gov.pk/PublicPages/HistoryOfDistrict.aspx|title=Brief History of Faisalabad|publisher=District Court of Faisalabad|accessdate=2018-02-08|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709065525/http://faisalabad.dc.lhc.gov.pk/PublicPages/HistoryOfDistrict.aspx|archivedate=9 July 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gcuf.edu.pk/about/the-city-faisalabad/ |publisher=Government College University Faisalabad |title=The City Faisalabad |accessdate=2018-02-08 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619095156/http://gcuf.edu.pk/about/the-city-faisalabad |archivedate=19 June 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Later life==
Lyall was appointed as [[Order of the Indian Empire|Knight Grand Commander of the Indian Empire]] in May 1892, after ending his tenure in the Punjab.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=10365 |date=27 May 1892 |page=678 |city=e}}</ref> In 1893, he was appointed to the [[Royal Commission on Opium]], which he thought was an official attempt to procrastinate in order to silence opposition to opium use and its trade. Lyall believed there was nothing untoward about moderate use of opium.<ref name="winther"/> In 1898, he served as President of the Indian Famine Commission.<ref name="winther"/>

He died on 4 December 1916 in [[Eastry]], [[Kent]] and is buried in the local churchyard.{{cn|date=February 2018}}

== Publications ==
Lyall contributed a chapter on the Punjab to ''The British Empire'' series, published in 1899.<ref>{{cite book |title=The British Empire Series |volume=1 |publisher=Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Company, Limited |year=1899 |chapter=The Punjab |page=202 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/britishempirese01lond#page/202/mode/2up}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cite web|title=Afghanistan 1878-1880: Sources in the India Office Records|publisher=British Library|url=http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelpregion/asia/afghanistan/afghanistancollection/1878to1880/sources1878to1880.html|accessdate=22 November 2011}} (Preserved Lyall papers in the records of the [[India Office]].)

{{Governors of Punjab (British India)}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lyall, James Broadwood}}
[[Category:Administrators in British India]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:1838 births]]
[[Category:1916 deaths]]
[[Category:People educated at Eton College]]
[[Category:People educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College]]
[[Category:Vice-Chancellors of the University of the Punjab]]
[[Category:Governors of Punjab (British India)]]
[[Category:19th-century English writers]]
[[Category:Lyall family]]

{{UK-gov-bio-stub}}

James Broadwood Lyall - Revision history

>Bashereyre at 07:14, 23 April 2021