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{{For|the Canadian journalist|James Travers (journalist)}}
{{short description|Recipient of the Victoria Cross}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox military person
|name=James Travers
|image=James Travers, VC.jpg
|image_size=160
|caption=General James Travers
|birth_date= {{Birth date|df=yes|1820|10|6}}
|death_date= {{Death date and age|df=yes|1884|4|1|1820|10|6}}
|birth_place= [[Cork (city)|Cork]], [[Ireland]]
|death_place= [[Pallanza]], [[Italy]]
|placeofburial=Municipal Ossuary, Pallanza
|placeofburial_label=
|nickname=
|allegiance={{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}
|branch=[[Bengal Army]]<br>{{army|British India|23px}}
|serviceyears=1838–1881
|rank=[[General (United Kingdom)|General]]
|unit=
|commands= [[2nd Bengal Native Infantry]]
|battles=[[First Anglo-Afghan War]]<br>[[First Anglo-Sikh War]]<br>[[Indian Mutiny]]
|awards=[[Victoria Cross]]<br>[[Order of the Bath]]
|relations=[[Donald Macintyre (Indian Army officer)|Donald Macintyre VC]] (brother-in-law)
|laterwork=
}}
[[General (United Kingdom)|General]] '''James Travers''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|VC|CB}} (6 October 1820 – 1 April 1884) was an [[Irish people|Irish]] recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]], the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to [[United Kingdom|British]] and [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] forces.

==Military background==
James Travers was born and grew up in [[County Cork]], where the first of his ancestors to be born there, Sir [[Robert Travers (MP)|Robert Travers]], was killed at the [[Battle of Knocknanuss]] in 1647.<ref>Philip A. Wilkins, ''The History of the Victoria Cross: Being an account of the 520 acts of bravery for which the decoration has been awarded and portraits of 392 recipients'', Andrews UK Limited, 2012, {{ISBN|1781516731}}, 9781781516737</ref>

Travers came from a distinguished [[Anglo-Irish]] military family, and all seven of his brothers (three of whom were killed in [[India]]) served in the armed forces. They were the sons of Major-General Sir Robert Travers KCMG, CB (1770–1834) of the 95th [[Rifle Brigade]], who was one of six brothers who themselves all served in the military, and one of three to be knighted for their services, including Rear-Admiral Sir Eaton Stannard Travers, who engaged in battle upwards of one hundred times, and was mentioned in dispatches eight times for gallantry.<ref>For more on Eaton Stannard Travers see: {{Cite NBD1849 |wstitle=Travers, Eaton Stannard}}</ref>

==Military career==
James Travers was educated at [[Addiscombe Military Seminary]]. He received a commission in the [[Bengal Native Infantry|Bengal infantry]] in June 1838 and arrived in Calcutta in January 1839. He served with the 57th native infantry at [[Barrackpore]] and then the [[2nd Bengal Native Infantry]] at [[Firozpur]]. He served with this regiment in the [[First Anglo-Afghan War]] between 1841 and 1842, being mentioned in despatches<ref name=ODNB/> for the action at Zamin-Dawar; was at the capture of Ghazni and the action at Maidan.<ref name=vconline>{{cite web |url= http://www.vconline.org.uk/james-travers-vc/4588359721.html|title=James Travers VC, CB: biography |website=vconline |accessdate=20 January 2022}}</ref>

Travers was appointed adjutant to the [[9th Bhopal Infantry|Bhopal contingent]] in March 1843 and promoted to captain and [[Brevet_(military)#United_Kingdom|brevet]] major in January 1846, to reflect his earlier Afghan service. He then took part in the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]], where on 10 February 1846 he commanded a [[Gurkha]] battalion at the [[battle of Sobraon]], for which he was mentioned in despatches. In March 1846 he was made second in command of the Bhopal contingent. In June 1854 he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel and in February 1856 was appointed commandant of the Bhopal contingent. In 1856, he commanded a force in the field against the rebel Sankar Singh, and was promoted colonel the same year.<ref name=ODNB>{{cite web |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/27669|title=Travers, James |last1=Vetch |first1=R.H.|last2=Jones |first2=M.G.M.|publisher=[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]].|year=2004|access-date=20 January 2022}}</ref>

After the outbreak of the Mutiny in 1857, he moved from [[Bhopal]] to [[Indore State|Indore]] and assumed command of the forces there. On 1 July a mutiny broke out among local forces, in which thirty-nine people were massacred.<ref name=ODNB/> Travers was a 36 years old [[Colonel (United Kingdom)|Colonel]] in the [[2nd Bengal Native Infantry]], [[Bengal Army]] during the [[Indian Mutiny]] when the following deed led to his award of the Victoria Cross:<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22485|page=1007|date=1 March 1861}}</ref>
{{Blockquote|For a daring act of bravery, in July, 1857, when the Indore Presidency was suddenly attacked by [[Tukojirao Holkar II|Holkar's]] Troops, in having charged the guns with only five men to support him, and driven the Gunners from the guns, thereby creating a favourable diversion, which saved the lives of many persons, fugitives to the Residency.
It is stated that Officers who were present considered that the effect of the charge was to enable many Europeans to escape from actual slaughter, and time was gained which enabled the faithful Bhopal Artillery to man their guns. Colonel Travers's horse was shot in three places, and his accoutrements were shot through in various parts. He commanded the Bhopal Levy.}}

After this action, the European troops, residents and their families, accompanied by loyal Indian troops, evacuated the Residency, and arrived at [[Sehore]] on 4 July 1857.<ref name=ODNB/>

Travers returned to the 2nd Native Infantry in 1858. On 8 September 1860 he was appointed commandant of the [[Central India Horse]]. On 23 July 1865 he was promoted to major general and in August 1869 was given the command of the [[7th (Meerut) Division|Meerut Division]]. He was promoted to lieutenant general in 1873, and general in 1877 and placed on the supernumerary list in 1881.<ref>[http://anglicanhistory.org/canada/jtlewis/bio/app.html The Life of John Travers Lewis, D.D., by His Wife]</ref> Travers was made a Companion of the [[Order of the Bath]] (CB) in May 1873.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23979|page=2583|date=24 May 1873}}</ref> In 1876 he wrote ''The Evacuation of Indore'' relating to his actions there during the Mutiny.<ref>{{cite book|title=The evacuation of Indore 1857|author=James Travers|year=1876 |location=London|publisher=Henry S. King & Co|oclc=1065330489}}</ref>

Travers died at [[Pallanza]], [[Lake Maggiore]], Italy, on 1 April 1884, aged 63.<ref name=ODNB/> He was originally buried in the Old Cemetery in Pallanza then moved in about 1920 to the New Cemetery, before finally being interred in the Municipal [[Ossuary]] in the Cimitero di Pallanza in 1996. His resting place is unmarked.<ref name=vconline/>

On 19 November 1849 he married Mary Isabella Macintyre in [[Bengal]], India. Mary died at Kilrock, [[Bridge of Allan]] in [[Scotland]] on 16 June 1933, aged 103. Her brother was [[Donald Macintyre (Indian Army officer)|General Donald Macintyre VC]], while her elder sister married Doctor [[William Brydon]], the sole survivor of the [[1842_retreat_from_Kabul#Retreat_and_massacre|1842 retreat from Kabul]].<ref name=ODNB/>

==The medal==
Travers' medals are in private ownership.<ref name=vconline/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*''[[The Register of the Victoria Cross]]'' (1981, 1988 and 1997)
*{{cite journal|first=Brian D. H.|last=Clarke|title=A register of awards to Irish-born officers and men|journal=[[The Irish Sword]]|volume=XVI|issue=64|pages=185–287|year=1986}}
*''[[Ireland's VCs]]'' {{ISBN|1-899243-00-3}} (Dept of Economic Development, 1995)
*''[[Monuments to Courage]]'' (David Harvey, 1999)
*''[[Irish Winners of the Victoria Cross]]'' (Richard Doherty & David Truesdale, 2000)

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Travers, James}}
[[Category:British Indian Army generals]]
[[Category:British East India Company Army officers]]
[[Category:Alumni of Addiscombe Military Seminary]]
[[Category:1820 births]]
[[Category:1884 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century Irish people]]
[[Category:Irish soldiers in the British East India Company Army]]
[[Category:People from Cork (city)]]
[[Category:Irish recipients of the Victoria Cross]]
[[Category:Indian Rebellion of 1857 recipients of the Victoria Cross]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the First Anglo-Afghan War]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the First Anglo-Sikh War]]

James Travers - Revision history

Bot at 15:38, 22 September 2022