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A '''jamoora''' or '''jamura''' ([[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]: जमूरा or جمورا) is a performer who plays a specific type of [[sidekick]] role in the traditional folk theatre (such as [[bhand]] and [[tamasha]]) of [[India]] and [[Pakistan]].<ref name="ref60mucoh">{{Citation | title=Svatantrata sangram mein Haryana ka yogadan | author=Ramsingh Jakhar | publisher=Haryana Sahitya Mandal, 1991 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GpNuAAAAMAAJ | quote=''... एक आदमी जो ढोल बजाता और दूसरा आदमी जिसे जमूरा कहते थे लोगों पर नक़ल मार कर या नाच कर कोई हँसी की बात (one performer would play the drum while the other, called the jamoora, would mimic or dance funnily to elicit laughter ...''| year=1991 }}</ref> In the course of the performance, the ''jamoora'' is supposed to comply with every command given by his master (usually called the ''ustad'', but sometimes called the ''[[madari]]'' or ''jadoogar'' for [[Magic (illusion)|magic shows]]), but often demonstrates subtle deviations from them to make satirical points or create a humorous effect.<ref name="jasarat2010fhf">{{Citation|title=بچہ جمورا یا بچہ جمہورا (Childish jamoora or childish jamhoora/democracy ) |date=November 23, 2008 |author=Yusuf Mirza |newspaper=Jasarat (Urdu) |url=http://www.jasarat.com/unicode/detail.php?category=8&coluid=255 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713090814/http://www.jasarat.com/unicode/detail.php?category=8&coluid=255 |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 13, 2011 |quote=''... اب تو وہ کلچر ہی دم توڑ رہا ہے جس میں مداری تماشا دکھایا کرتے ... اپنی جیب کی ریزگاری ان کی نذر کرکے ... تماشاگر کے چیلے کو بچہ جمورا یا بچہ جمہورا کہتے تھے۔ اس کا کام تماشا گر کی ہر صحیح یا غلط بات (the culture of [[madari]]s conducting tamashas is dying ... the audience would toss over their pocket change ... the madari's chela was also called the bachha jamoora or bachha jamhoora. His job was to take every statement of the madari, whether right or wrong, and ...'' }}</ref><br />
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Shows involving ''jamooras'' are often two-person performances and are usually called ''ustad-jamoora'', ''[[madari]]-jamoora'', ''ustad-bachha'' (''bachha'' means ''child'') or ''madari-chela'' (''chela'' means ''follower''/''student'') shows.<ref name="jasarat2010fhf"/><br />
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==Connotations==<br />
Because the ''jamoora'' is expected to demonstrate unquestioning obedience to the master's directives, sometimes people or organizations who are believed to be acting as puppets for others are pejoratively called ''jamooras'' in Indian and Pakistani society.<ref name="nawaiwaqt2010fhf">{{Citation|title=بینظیر بھٹو کا قتل اور اقوام متحدہ سے توقعات (The killers of Benazir Bhutto and expectations from the United Nations) |date=April 30, 2010 |author=Lt. Gen. Abdul Karim |newspaper=Nawaiwaqt (Urdu) |url=http://www.nawaiwaqt.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-urdu-online/Opinions/Adarate-mazameen/30-Apr-2010/10689 |quote=''... کہ یواین او کا ادارہ جو ان بڑی طاقتوں کا ''بچہ جمورا '' ہے (the United Nations Organization, which is actually the jamoora bachha of these big powers) ...'' |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100503080220/http://www.nawaiwaqt.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-urdu-online/Opinions/Adarate-mazameen/30-Apr-2010/10689 |archive-date=May 3, 2010 }}</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
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[[Category:Performing arts in India]]<br />
[[Category:Performing arts in Pakistan]]<br />
[[Category:Theatre in India]]<br />
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