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{{Short description|District in Bihar, India}}
{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Jamui}}
{{multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=December 2009}}
{{original research|date=July 2024}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jamui district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Bihar|District]] of [[Bihar]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_skyline = Naldanga palace, Lattu pahar, Simultala 01.jpg
| image_caption = Naldanga Palace, Lattu hill, Simultala
| image_map = Bihar district location map Jamui.svg
| map_caption = Location of Jamui district in Bihar
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Jamui
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Bihar Government Banner.png}} [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of Bihar|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Munger division|Munger]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Jamui]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| area_total_km2 = 3122
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1,760,405
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 62.16 per cent
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 921
| leader_title = District Magistrate
| leader_name = Abhilasha Sharma, I.A.S <ref>{{Cite web | title=Welcome to Jamui District Official Website {{!}} Secure, Scalable and Sugamya Website as a Service {{!}} India | url=https://jamui.nic.in/ | access-date=2025-12-28 | website=jamui.nic.in}}</ref>
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Jamui Lok Sabha constituency|Jamui]]
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| blank_name_sec2 = Average annual precipitation
| blank_info_sec2 = 1102 mm
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN Code]]
| postal_code = [https://indiapincodes.net/Bihar/Jamui/ 811301]
| website = {{URL|https://jamui.nic.in/}}
| official_name =
}}
'''Jamui district''' is a district among 38 [[districts of Bihar]] [[States and territories of India|state]], [[India]]. The district was formed on 21 February 1991, when it was separated from [[Munger district]]. It is located at a longitude of 86° 13'E and the latitude is 24° 55'N.

== History ==
Various literature indicates that Jamui was once known as Jambhiyaagram. According to [[Jainism]], the 24th [[Tirthankara]] lord [[Mahavira]] attained omniscience ([[Kevala Jnana]]) in Jambhiyagram situated on the bank of river named Ujjihuvaliya. Another place traced as "Jrimbhikgram" on the bank of Rijuvalika river, resembles Jambhiyagram, Ujjhuvaliya.

The Hindi translation of the words Jambhiya and Jrimbhikgram is Jamuhi which is developed in the recent time as Jamui.{{Citation needed|date=April 2020}}

With the passage of time, the river Ujhuvaliya /Rijuvalika is supposed to be developed as the river Ulai and as such both the place are still found in Jamui. The Ulai river is still flowing nearby Jamui. The old name of Jamui has been traced as Jambhubani in a copper plate which has been kept in Patna Museum. This plate clarifies that in the 12th century, Jambhubani was today's Jamui. Thus, the two ancient names as Jambhiyagram and Jambubani prove that this district was important as a religious place for [[List of Jains|Jains]], and it was also a place of [[Gupta Empire]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Jamui|first1=District|title=History|website=Welcome to District Portal Jamui|publisher=District Administration|url=http://jamui.bih.nic.in/|access-date=8 October 2010|archive-date=18 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818201023/http://jamui.bih.nic.in/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In the 19th century; the historian Buchanan also visited this place in 1811 and found the historical facts. According to other historians Jamui, was also famous in the era of the [[Mahabharata]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2020}}

According to available literature,{{Citation needed|reason=what literature?|date=April 2020}} Jamui was related to Gupta and Pala rulers before the 12th century. But after that this place became famous for Chandel rulers.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} Prior to Chandel Raj, this place was ruled by Nigoria, who was defeated by Chandels and the dynasty of [[Chandela]] founded in the 13th century. The kingdom of Chandels spread over the whole of Jamui.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}

According to [[wikisource:Author:Joseph David Freedone Melik Beglar|Joseph David Freedone Melik Beglar]] there is the ruin of an old fort in indpe which belongs to Nigoria ruler.

Arun Bharti is the current Member of Parliament from Jamui.

The district is currently a part of the [[Red Corridor]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://intellibriefs.blogspot.com/2009/12/naxal-menace-83-districts-under.html |title=83 districts under the Security Related Expenditure Scheme |publisher=IntelliBriefs |date=2009-12-11 |access-date=2011-09-17 |archive-date=27 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027115807/http://intellibriefs.blogspot.com/2009/12/naxal-menace-83-districts-under.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Geography==
Jamui district occupies an area of {{convert|3098|km2|sqmi}},<ref name='Reference Annual'>{{cite book | last1 = Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) | title = India 2010: A Reference Annual | chapter = States and Union Territories: Bihar: Government | edition = 54th | publisher = Additional Director General, Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], [[Government of India]] | year = 2010 | location = New Delhi, India | pages = 1118–1119 | isbn = 978-81-230-1617-7}}</ref> comparatively equivalent to [[Indonesia]]'s Yamdena Island.<ref name='Islands'>{{cite web | url = http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | title = Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area | access-date = 2011-10-11 | date = 1998-02-18 | publisher = [[United Nations Environment Program]] | quote = Yamdena 3,100km2 | archive-date = 20 February 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180220003634/http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref> The district has untapped reserves of resources including mica, coal, gold and iron ore.Situated along the Bihar-Jharkhand border, Jamui is dotted with hills and the small retreat town of Simultala falls within the Jhajha block, on the main Delhi-Howrah rail line. The town of [[Gidhaur]], situated {{convert|17|km}} away was the seat of kings during the [[British Raj]] and many buildings from the period still survive. Minto Tower in Gidhaur is a prime example of architecture from the period.

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Jamui district
|North = [[Lakhisarai district]]
|Northeast = [[Munger district]]
|East = [[Banka district]]
|Southeast = [[Deoghar district]], [[Jharkhand]]
|South = [[Giridih district]], [[Jharkhand]]
|Southwest =
|West = [[Nawada district]]
|Northwest = [[Sheikhpura district]]
}}

== Politics ==
{{transcluded section|source=18th Bihar Assembly}}
{{#section:18th Bihar Assembly|MLA Header}}
{{#section:18th Bihar Assembly|Jamui district}}
|}

==Tourism==
{{Main|Lachhuar Jain temple}}
[[File:Lachhuar Jain Temple.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Lachhuar Jain Mandir]]

'''Jain Mandir Lachhuar''' is a large rest house (dharmsala) of 65 rooms constructed for the Jain pilgrims. There is a Mandir of Lord [[Mahavira]] inside the dhamsala. The idol in this temple is more than 2,600 years old. This black stone idol is of weighs around 250 kg.<ref>http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/2650-year-old-mahavir-idol-stolen-from-jain-temple-recovered-in-bihar/ {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> This is situated on the way of Kshatriya Kund Gram, the birthplace of Lord [[Mahavira]]. This place is located in Sikandra Block which is about 20 km west from Jamui District Headquarter.

'''Gidheshwar temple:''' Gidheshwar Temple is locally known as a Shiva Temple. The place is located 15 km south of Jamui. It is a beautiful temple of Lord Shiva situated on the top of boulders. As per the legends, when Lankapati Ravana was taking away Mother Sita by deceit, the king of birds, Jatayu, fought with Ravana to save Mother Sita. It is said that Ravana cut off Jatayu's wings. After being badly injured in this fight, Jatayu fell on a mountain. Later, at that place this temple was built. The place is full of devotees on Shivratri and Magh Purnima.

'''Minto Tower Gidhaur''': Minto tower was built by the Maharaja of Gidhaur in 1909 to commemorate the visit of the then British Viceroy Lord Irwin to Gidhaur. It is in the middle of Gidhaur Market on the main Jamui-Jhajha state highway.
[[File:Minto Tower(Gidhaur).jpg|thumbnail|Minto Tower Gidhaur]]

==Economy==
In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Jamui one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the 36 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |date=8 September 2009 |title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme |publisher=National Institute of Rural Development |url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |access-date=27 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |archive-date= 5 April 2012 }}</ref>

==Blocks==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Subdivision !! Block !! No. Of Panchayat !! No. of Villages
|-
| [[Jamui]] || Jamui || 12 || 081
|-
| || Khaira || 22 || 120
|-
| || Sikandra || 14 || 068
|-
| || Islamnagar Aliganj || 13 || 069
|-
| || [[Lakshmipur, Jamui|Laxmipur]]|| 13 || 082
|-
| || Gidhaur || 08 || 020
|-
| || Barhat || 09 || 043
|-
| || Sono || 19 || 250
|-
| || Chakai || 23 || 600
|-
| || Jhajha || 20 || 197
|-
| || Total || 153 || 1530
|}<ref>{{cite web|last1=Details|first1=Block|title=Information|url=http://jamui.bih.nic.in/districtProfile/jamuiInfo.html|website=Welcome to District Portal Jamui|publisher=Jamui District Administration|access-date=14 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151011070447/http://jamui.bih.nic.in/districtProfile/jamuiInfo.html|archive-date=11 October 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=3,45,129|13=1911|14=3,55,934|15=1921|16=3,38,455|17=1931|18=3,81,115|19=1941|20=4,30,855|21=1951|22=4,76,167|23=1961|24=5,73,834|25=1971|26=7,13,736|27=1981|28=8,62,589|29=1991|30=10,51,527|31=2001|32=13,98,796|33=2011|34=17,60,405|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{cite web |title=Table A-02 Decadal Variation in Population Since 1901: Bihar |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/43343/download/47022/10%20A-2%20Bihar.pdf |website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>|align=center}}

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Jamui district (2011)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Bihar |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11366/download/14479/DDW10C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|86.67}}
{{bar percent|[[Bihari Muslims|Islam]]|green|12.36}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Bihar|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|0.48}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.49}}
}}

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Jamui district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,760,405,<ref name=districtcensus>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Jamui |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/270/download/730/DH_2011_1036_PART_A_DCHB_JAMUI.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[The Gambia]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Gambia, The 1,797,860 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Nebraska]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau
|access-date=2011-09-30
|quote=Nebraska 1,826,341
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=19 October 2013
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 273rd in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert|567|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 25.54%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Jamui has a [[sex ratio]] of 921 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 62.16%. 8.26% of the population live in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 17.19% and 4.48% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/>
{{Pie chart
| thumb = left
| caption = Languages of Jamui district (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
| label1 = [[Hindi]]
| value1 = 73.37
| color1 = orange
| label2 = 'Other' Hindi
| value2 = 7.02
| color2 = deeppink
| label3 = [[Urdu]]
| value3 = 6.81
| color3 = green
| label4 = [[Khortha language|Khortha]]
| value4 = 5.94
| color4 = red
| value5 = 3.66
| color5 = darkturquoise
| value6 = 3.06
| label6 = [[Magahi]]
| color6 = crimson
| value7 = 0.14
| label7 = Others
| color7 = Grey
| label5 = [[Santali language|Santali]]
}}

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 73.37% of Jamui spoke [[Hindi]], 6.81% [[Urdu]] and 5.94% [[Khortha language|Khortha]] as their first language, 3.66% of the population speak [[Santali language|Santali]] and 3.06% of the population speak [[Magahi]] and 0.14% speak other languages. 7.02% of the population spoke languages recorded as 'Others' under Hindi on the census.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Bihar |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10196/download/13308/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1000.XLSX|website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Transport==
{{Main|Jamui Station}}

Jamui Railway Station, station code JMU, is one of the major railway stations in [[Danapur]] division of [[East Central Railway Zone|East Central Railway]]. Jamui is connected to [[metropolitan area]]s of [[India]], by the [[Howrah-Delhi main line|Delhi-Kolkata Main Line]] via Mugalsarai-Patna route which runs along the historic [[Grand Trunk road]].<ref name=official>{{cite web|title=About District|url=http://jamui.bih.nic.in|publisher=Official District website|access-date=15 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818201023/http://jamui.bih.nic.in/|archive-date=18 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=brandbihar>{{cite web|title=Jamui |url=http://www.brandbihar.com/english/districts/Jamui/Jamui.html |work=Overview |publisher=BrandBihar |access-date=15 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419012208/http://brandbihar.com/english/districts/jamui/jamui.html |archive-date=19 April 2012 }}</ref>

Jamui Station serves the headquarters of Jamui district in the Indian state of [[Bihar]]. Railways and roads are the main means of transport in the region. The Jamui railway station is in [[Howrah-Delhi Main Line|Howrah-Patna-Mughalsarai main line]]. Most of the Patna, Barauni bound express trains coming from Howrah, Sealdah, Ranchi, Tatanagar stop here.<ref name=mishap>{{cite news|title=Violation of rly rules led to Jamui mishap|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Violation-of-rly-rules-led-to-Jamui-mishap/articleshow/1167333646.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121201162116/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-08-19/india/27243202_1_goods-train-jamui-station-master|url-status=live|archive-date=1 December 2012|access-date=16 April 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=19 Aug 2001}}</ref>

==Flora and fauna==
In 1987 Jamui district became home to the [[Nagi Dam Bird Sanctuary|Nagi Dam]] [[Wildlife Sanctuaries in India|Wildlife Sanctuary]], which has an area of {{convert|7.9|km2|mi2|abbr=on|1}}.<ref name=parks>{{cite web|author=Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment |title=Protected areas: Bihar |url=http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm |access-date=25 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823163836/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm |archive-date=23 August 2011 }}</ref> It is also home to the [[Nakti Dam Wildlife Sanctuary]], which was established in 1987 and has an area of {{convert|3.3|km2|mi2|abbr=on|1}}.<ref name=parks/> There is also some forest in the region including famous Gangta Forest.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-22 |title=जमुई-खड़गपुर एनएच 333 स्थित गंगटा जंगल में जाम की समस्या शुरू |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/jamui/story-jamui-kharagpur-nh-333-jam-problem-started-in-gangta-forest-7391038.html |access-date=2026-03-25 |website=www.livehindustan.com |language=hi}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [https://jamui.nic.in/ Official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110430231903/http://www.allaboutbihar.com/districts/jamui/index.php Jamui Information Portal]

{{Portal bar|India}}
{{Jamui district}}
{{Districts of Bihar}}
{{Munger Division}}
{{Munger Division topics}}

{{coord|24.9200|N|86.2200|E|source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Jamui district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Bihar]]
[[Category:1991 establishments in Bihar]]
[[Category:Munger division]]

Jamui district - Revision history

Nikhil009 at 14:18, 25 March 2026