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{{Short description|1988–1999 political party in India}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = Janata Dal
| logo = Janata Dal symbol.svg
| logo_size = 150px
| colorcode = {{party color|Janata Dal}}
| foundation = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|1988|10|11}}
| international =
| country = India
| native_name =
| abbreviation = JD
| founder = [[V. P. Singh]]
| dissolution = 1999
| merger = {{bulleted list|[[Janata Party]]|[[Janata Party (Secular)]]|[[Lok Dal]]|[[Indian National Congress (Jagjivan)]]|[[Jan Morcha]]| [[Thamizhaga Munnetra Munnani]]}}
| successor = {{bulleted list |[[Samata Party]]<ref>{{citation |title=Samata Party |url=https://samataparty.org}}</ref> |[[Samajwadi Janata Party]]|[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]|[[Janata Dal (United)]]|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]|[[Biju Janata Dal]]|[[Samajwadi Party]]|[[Loktantrik Janata Dal]]|[[Indian National Lok Dal]]|[[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]|[[Lok Janshakti Party]]}}
| national = {{bulletedlist|[[National Front (India)|National Front]] (1988–1996)|[[United Front (India)|United Front]] (1996–1998)}}
| colours = {{Color box|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|border=darkgray}} [[Green]]
| alliance =
}}

'''Janata Dal''' (“People’s Party”) was an [[List of political parties in India|Indian political party]] which was formed through the merger of [[Janata Party]] factions, the [[Lok Dal]], [[Indian National Congress (Jagjivan)]], and the [[Jan Morcha]] united on 11 October 1988 on the birth anniversary of [[Jayaprakash Narayan]] under the leadership of [[V. P. Singh]].<ref name="Chander2004">{{cite book|author=N. Jose Chander|title=Coalition Politics: The Indian Experience|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G_QtMGIczhMC&pg=PA35|access-date=31 October 2015|date=1 January 2004|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-092-1|pages=35–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=India Since Independence: Making Sense of Indian Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X62Sc3muOyQC&pg=PA334|access-date=31 October 2015|year=2010|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-2567-2|pages=334–}}</ref>

==History==
[[V. P. Singh]] united the entire disparate spectrum of parties ranging from regional parties such as the [[Telugu Desam Party]], the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]], and the [[Asom Gana Parishad]], together and formed the [[National Front (India)|National Front]] with [[N. T. Rama Rao]] as Indian Election History President and [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh|V. P. Singh]] as convenor with outside support from the ([[Right-wing politics|Right-wing Political party]]) [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and ([[Left-wing politics|Left-wing Political party]]) [[Communist Party of India]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] led Left front. They defeated [[Rajiv Gandhi]]'s [[Congress (I)]] in the 1989 parliamentary elections.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/30/world/asia/30singh.html?_r=1& | title=V. P. Singh, a Leader of India Who Defended Poor, Dies at 77 | work=New York Times | date=29 November 2008 | access-date=31 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Indian Parliamentary Democracy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9dDH9q7nVQ8C&pg=PA124|access-date=1 November 2015|year=2003|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-269-0193-7|pages=124–}}</ref>
His government fell after [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]], got [[L. K. Advani|Advani]] arrested in [[Samastipur]] and stopped his ''[[Ram Rath Yatra]]'' which was going to [[Ayodhya]] on the site of the Babri Masjid on October 23, 1990 and the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] withdrew support. [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh|V.P. Singh]] lost a parliamentary vote of confidence on November 7, 1990.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/08/world/india-s-cabinet-falls-as-premier-loses-confidence-vote-by-142-346-and-quits.html | title=India's Cabinet Falls as Premier Loses Confidence Vote, by 142-346, and Quits | work=New York Times | date=8 November 1990 | access-date=1 November 2015}}</ref>
In the [[1991 Indian general election]] the Janata Dal lost power but emerged as the third largest party in [[Lok Sabha]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2145_91.htm | title=India Parliamentary Chamber: Lok Sabha Elections Held in 1991 | publisher=Inter-Parliamentary Union | access-date=1 November 2015}}</ref>
Janata Dal-led [[United Front (India)|United Front]] formed the government after the [[1996 Indian general election]] with the outside support of the [[Indian National Congress]]. But after this the Janata Dal gradually disintegrated into various smaller factions, largely regional parties [[Biju Janata Dal]], [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]], [[Janata Dal (Secular)]] and [[Janata Dal (United)]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Lalu-green-signal-for-Janata-Parivar-unity/articleshow/46816183.cms | title=Lalu green signal for Janata Parivar unity | publisher=[[The Times of India]] | work=Madan Kumar | date=5 April 2015 | access-date=1 November 2015}}</ref>

==Ascent to power==
[[File:V. P. Singh (cropped).jpg|100px|thumb|[[V. P. Singh]]]]
It first came to power in 1989, after allegations of corruption, known as the [[Bofors scandal]], caused [[Rajiv Gandhi]]'s [[Indian National Congress|Congress (I)]] to lose the elections. The [[National Front (India)|National Front]] coalition that was formed consisted of the Janata Dal and a few smaller parties in the government, and had outside support from the [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] and the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. [[V. P. Singh]] was the prime minister. In November 1990, this coalition collapsed, and a new government headed by [[Chandra Shekhar]] under [[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]] which had the support of the congress came to power for a short while. Two days before the vote, [[Chandra Shekhar]], an ambitious Janata Dal rival who had been kept out of the National Front government, joined with Devi Lal, a former deputy prime minister under V.P. Singh, to form the Samajwadi Janata Party, with a total of just sixty [[Lok Sabha]] members. The day after the collapse of the National Front government, Chandra Shekhar informed the president that by gaining the backing of the Congress (I) and its electoral allies he enjoyed the support of 280 members of the Lok Sabha, and he demanded the right to constitute a new government. Even though his rump party accounted for only one-ninth of the members of the Lok Sabha, Chandra Shekhar succeeded in forming a new minority Government and becoming Prime Minister (with Devi Lal as deputy prime minister). However, Chandra Shekhar's government fell less than four months later, after the Congress (I) withdrew its support.
[[Image:I k gujral.jpg|100px|thumb|[[I. K. Gujral]]]]
Its second spell of power began in 1996, when the Janata Dal-led [[United Front (India)|United Front]] coalition came to power, with outside support from the congress under [[Sitaram Kesri]], choosing [[H. D. Deve Gowda]] as their prime minister. The congress withdrew their support in less than a year, hoping to gain power with the support of various United Front constituent groups, and [[I. K. Gujral]] became the next prime minister. His government too fell in a few months, and in February 1998, the Janata Dal-led coalition lost power to the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].

== List of prime ministers ==
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"
! No. !! Prime ministers !! Year !! Duration !! Constituency !! Image
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 1 || [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]] || 1989 {{endash}} 1990 || 343 days || [[Fatehpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Fatehpur]] || [[File:V._P._Singh_(cropped).jpg|100px]]
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 2 || [[H. D. Deve Gowda]] || 1996 {{endash}} 1997 || 324 days || {{n/a}} ([[Rajya Sabha]] [[Member of Parliament (India)|MP]]) from [[Karnataka]] || [[File:Prime Minister H. D. Deve Gowda BNC.jpg|100px]]
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 3 || [[Inder Kumar Gujral]] || 1997 {{endash}} 1998 || 332 days || {{n/a}} ([[Rajya Sabha]] [[Member of Parliament (India)|MP]]) from [[Bihar]] || [[File:Inder Kumar Gujral 071.jpg|100px]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Electoral Performance
!Year
! colspan="2" |Seats won
! colspan="2" |Votes
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election]]
|143
|{{Increase}} 143
|53,518,521
|{{Increase}} 53,518,521
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election]]
|59
|{{Decrease}} 84
|32,628,400
|{{Decrease}} 2,08,90,121
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election]]
|46
|{{Decrease}} 13
|27,070,340
|{{Decrease}} 55,58,060
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election]]
|6
|{{Decrease}} 40
|11,930,209
|{{Decrease}} 1,51,40,131
|-
| colspan="5" |Party Disintegrated
|}

== Party Presidents ==
[[V P Singh]] (1989)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|first=Chidanand|last=Rajghatta|last2=March 31, 1989|title=Karnataka unit Janata Dal gets a president|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19890331-karnataka-unit-janata-dal-gets-a-president-815919-1989-03-31|access-date=2021-08-22|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>

[[Sharad Yadav]] (1999)<ref name=":1" />

=== State Units ===

==== Karnataka ====

==== ''Presidents'' ====
[[B. Rachaiah]] (1989)<ref name=":0" />

[[Siddaramaiah]] (Feb 1999)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rediff On The NeT: Spectre of split returns to haunt JD|url=https://inwww.rediff.com/news/1999/feb/01karn1.htm|access-date=2021-12-13|website=inwww.rediff.com}}</ref>

[[C. Byre Gowda]] (July 1999)<ref name=":1" />

==== ''General Secretary'' ====
[[Jeevaraj Alva]] (1989-1990)<ref>{{Cite magazine|author=Raj Chengappa |date=September 15, 1988 |title=Karnataka's new CM S.R. Bommai inherits a troubled legacy|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19880915-karnataka-new-chief-minister-s-r-bommai-inherits-troubled-legacy-797677-1988-09-15|access-date=2021-08-17|magazine=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

[[C. Narayanaswamy]] (1999)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|first=Parvathi|last=Menon|title=The fallout in Karnataka|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/article30257767.ece|access-date=2021-12-13|website=Frontline|language=en}}</ref>

==== Tamil Nadu ====
==== ''President'' ====
[[Sivaji Ganesan]]

==Janata Dal factions==
===Pro-National Democratic Alliance parties===
* [[Janata Dal (United)]] led by [[Nitish Kumar]]
* [[Lok Janshakti Party]] led by [[Chirag Paswan]]
* [[Jannayak Janata Party]] (JJP) led by [[Ajay Singh Chautala]]
* [[Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular)]] led by [[Jitan Ram Manjhi]]
* [[Samata Party]], party of [[George Fernandes]] and now led by Uday Mandal<ref>{{Cite web|title=Uday Mandal – Samata Party|url=https://samataparty.org/uday-mandal/|access-date=2022-02-15|language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Socialist Janata Dal]] led by V. V. Rajendran
* Lok Aawaz Dal led by [[Shambhu Sharan Shrivastava]]
* Socialist Janata Party (Premraj) led by Attingal Premraj

===Pro-United Progressive Alliance parties===
* Janata Dal (UDF) led by John John
* [[Indian Socialist Party]] led by [[Thampan Thomas]]

===Non-NDA/UPA parties===
* [[Biju Janata Dal]] led by [[Naveen Patnaik]]
* [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] led by [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]](left UPA in July 2021)
* [[Janata Dal (Secular)]] led by [[H. D. Deve Gowda]](left UPA in August 2019)
* [[Samajwadi Party]] (SP) led by [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]] and [[Akhilesh Yadav]]
* [[Pragatisheel Samajwadi Party (Lohiya)]] led by [[Shivpal Singh Yadav]]
* [[Indian National Lok Dal]] (INLD) led by [[Om Prakash Chautala]]
* [[Rashtriya Lok Dal]] led by [[Ajit Singh (politician)|Ajit Singh]]
* [[Jan Adhikar Party Loktantrik]] led by [[Pappu Yadav]]
* [[Garib Janta Dal (Secular)]] led by [[Sadhu Yadav]]
* [[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]], party of Late [[Chandra Shekhar]] now led by [[Kamal Morarka]]
* [[Loktantrik Samajwadi Party]] led by Raghu Thakur
* [[Samajwadi Jan Parishad]] party of Late [[Kishen Pattanayak]] and now led by Adv. Kamal Banerjee
* [[Samajwadi Janata Dal Democratic]] led by [[Devendra Prasad Yadav]]
* [[Odisha Jan Morcha]] led by Late [[Pyarimohan Mohapatra]]
* [[Samata Kranti Dal]] led by [[Braja Kishore Tripathy]]
* [[Socialist Party (India), 2011|Socialist Party (India)]] led by Late. [[Bhai Vaidya]] and Dr. Prem Singh
* [[Socialist Party (Lohia)]]
* [[Akhil Bhartiya Socialist Party]] (ABSP) led by [[Harinarain Mishra]], follows ideology of Dr. [[Ram Manohar Lohia]], [[Raj Narain]] and [[Janeshwar Mishra]]
* [[Bharatiya Sablog Party]] led by [[Arun Kumar (Bihar politician)|Arun Kumar]]

===Defunct parties===
* [[Rashtriya Lok Samata Party]] led by [[Upendra Kushwaha]] (merged with [[Janata Dal United]])
* [[Loktantrik Janata Dal]] led by [[Sharad Yadav]] (merged with [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]])
* [[Socialist Janata Party]] led by Manju Mohan (merged with [[Socialist Party (India), 2011|Socialist Party (India)]])
* [[Samras Samaj Party]] led by Nagmani (merged with [[Rashtriya Lok Samata Party]]) <ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/india/20170729/3157831.html|title=Samras Samaj Party merges into RLSP|website=News.webindia123.com|access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref>
* [[Socialist Janata (Democratic) Party]] led by [[M. P. Veerendra Kumar]] (merged with [[Janata Dal (United)]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/nitish-kumar-sjd-merger-jd-u-kerala-janata-parivar-veerendra-kumar/1/409352.html |title=Nitish Kumar hails SJD's merger with JD-U in Kerala : South, News - India Today |publisher=Indiatoday.intoday.in |date=2014-12-29 |access-date=2017-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/SJD-Merges-with-Sharad-Yadavs-Janata-Dal-United/2014/12/29/article2593079.ece |title=SJD Merges with Sharad Yadav's Janata Dal (United) |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=2014-12-29 |access-date=2017-03-12}}</ref>
* [[Jan Morcha]] of Late [[V. P. Singh]] and led by [[Ajeya Pratap Singh]] (merged with [[Indian National Congress]])
* [[Odisha Gana Parishad]] led by [[Bijoy Mohapatra]] (merged with [[Nationalist Congress Party]])
* [[All India Progressive Janata Dal]] led by Late [[Ramakrishna Hegde]] and Late [[S. R. Bommai]] (merged with [[Janata Dal (United)]])
* [[Janata Dal (Left)]] led by Late [[Surendra Mohan]] and [[M. P. Veerendra Kumar]] (merged with [[Janata Dal (Secular)]])
* [[Lok Shakti]] led by Late [[Ramakrishna Hegde]] (merged with [[Janata Dal (United)]])
* [[Kerala Janata Dal]] led by Late [[Arangil Sreedharan]] (merged with [[Janata Dal (Secular)]])
* [[Janata Dal (Gujarat)]] led by Late [[Chimanbhai Patel]] and Late [[Chhabildas Mehta]] (merged with [[Indian National Congress]])
* [[Janata Dal (Digvijay)]] led by [[Digvijay Singh (Rajasthan)|Digvijay Singh]] (merged with [[Bharatiya Janata Party]])
* [[Janata Dal (Ajit)]] led by [[Ajit Singh (politician)|Ajit Singh]] (merged with [[Indian National Congress]])
* [[Janata Dal (Socialist)]] led by Late [[Chandra Shekhar]], [[Devi Lal]], [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]] (renamed as Late [[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]])
* [[Punjab Janata Morcha]] (PJM), in English the Punjab Popular Front, was a [[Sikh]] [[political party]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]. The party formed in 1989 as a splinter group of the Janata Dal. The party failed to win any election seats in its lifetime. Party president Kirpal Singh announced that the PJM was disbanded in 1997. Most members joined the [[Jan Morcha]] by 2003.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/from-lucknow-to-delhi-parties-that-died-with-their-founders-4442605/ | title=From Lucknow to Delhi, parties that died with their founders | date=24 December 2016 | newspaper=The Indian Express | access-date=27 June 2018 }}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Samata Party]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Samata Party – Official Website |url=https://samataparty.org/ |access-date=2022-04-25 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[List of Janata Dal breakaway parties]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Leaders of Janata Dal}}
{{Janata Parivar parties}}

[[Category:Janata Dal| ]]
[[Category:Political parties in India]]
[[Category:V. P. Singh administration]]
[[Category:1988 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1999 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1999]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1988]]

Janata Dal - Revision history

UpdateBot at 15:15, 8 May 2022