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The '''Janata Morcha''' ("People's Front") was a coalition of [[India]]n political parties formed in 1974 to oppose the government of [[Indian Prime Minister]] [[Indira Gandhi]] and her [[Indian National Congress|Congress (R)]] party. The coalition was an integral part of the popular movement against the [[Indian Emergency|Emergency rule]] of Indira Gandhi and the direct predecessor of the [[Janata Party]], which defeated the Congress (R) in the [[1977 Indian general election]] to form the first non-Congress government in independent India.<ref name="UK">{{cite web|title=OBITUARY: Morarji Desai|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-morarji-desai-1615165.html|work=[[The Independent]]|author=Kuldip Singh|date=1995-04-11|access-date=2009-06-27}}</ref> It was formed by [[Jayaprakash Narayan]] and [[Morarji Desai]], chief of the main opposition [[Indian National Congress (Organisation)|Congress (O)]] party.<br />
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== History ==<br />
For the [[1971 Indian general election]], the [[Congress (O)]], [[Samyukta Socialist Party]] and the [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] had formed a coalition called the "Grand Alliance" to oppose Indira Gandhi and the [[Congress (R)]], but failed to have an impact;<ref name="LOC">{{cite web|title=The Rise of Indira Gandhi|url=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+in0029)|publisher=[[Library of Congress]] Country Studies|access-date=2009-06-27}}</ref> Indira's Congress (R) won a large majority in the 1971 elections and her popularity increased significantly after India's victory in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|war of 1971]] against [[Pakistan]].<ref name="LOC"/> However, Gandhi's subsequent inability to address serious issues such as unemployment, poverty, inflation and shortages eroded her popularity.<ref name="LOC"/><br />
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==Formation and election victory==<br />
The Janata Morcha was formed by Jayaprakash Narayan and Morarji Desai as an alliance of political parties opposed to the [[Congress (R)]] and Indira Gandhi. The constituents included the [[Congress (O)]], [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]], [[Samyukta Socialist Party]] and the [[Bharatiya Lok Dal|BLD]]. The Janata Morcha won a surprising victory in the elections held for the [[Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) of the Indian state of [[Gujarat]] on 11 June 1975.<ref name="LOC"/><ref name="ING">{{cite book|title=Indira: The Life Of Indira Nehru Gandhi|pages=[https://archive.org/details/indiralifeofindi00fran/page/371 371]|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|author=Katherine Frank|year=2002|isbn=978-0-395-73097-3|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/indiralifeofindi00fran/page/371}}</ref> The next day, the [[Allahabad High Court]] judged Indira Gandhi guilty of electoral malpractices, invalidated her 1971 election victory and barred her from elective office for six years. This led Indira to impose a state of emergency on 26 June 1975.<ref name="UK"/><ref name="LOC"/> Indira's government used the state of emergency to clamp down on opposition and dissolved the newly elected assembly, preventing the Morcha from forming the government and taking power.<br />
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==Janata Party==<br />
During the emergency, the leaders and activists of the Janata Morcha were imprisoned. After the [[1977 Indian general election|1977 elections were called]], the constituents of the Janata Morcha formally launched the Janata Party on 18 January 1977, determined to forge a united front of all opposition political parties. The Janata party replicated the success of the Morcha in Gujarat by winning the 1977 elections and forming the first non-Congress government of India.<ref name="UK"/><br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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{{Indian Emergency}}<br />
{{Indian political parties}}<br />
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[[Category:Memorials to Jayaprakash Narayan]]<br />
[[Category:The Emergency (India)]]<br />
[[Category:Janata Party]]<br />
[[Category:Defunct political party alliances in India]]<br />
[[Category:Political parties established in 1974]]<br />
[[Category:1974 establishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:Political parties with year of disestablishment missing]]</div>>Citation bot