Chefajaychopra123 at 22:13, 6 January 2026

2026-01-06T22:13:56Z

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{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Short description|Historical region in northern Rajasthan}}
{{distinguish|Bangladesh}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| settlement_type = [[Historical region]]
| image_map = Map rajasthan dist 7 div.png
| map_caption = The districts of Rajasthan. The northern-most light pink coloured region is roughly equivalent to Jangladesh, comprising the modern districts of [[Bikaner District|Bikaner]], [[Churu District|Churu]], [[Ganganagar District|Ganganagar]], and [[Hanumangarh District|Hanumangarh]].
| subdivision_type =Country
| subdivision_name =India
}}

'''Jangladesh''', also known as '''Jangaldesh''' or '''Janglu''', was a [[historical region]] in what is now northern [[Rajasthan]]. It included the present-day districts of [[Bikaner District|Bikaner]], [[Churu District|Churu]], [[Ganganagar District|Ganganagar]], [[Hanumangarh District|Hanumangarh]], and parts of [[Sirsa District|Sirsa]]. It was bounded on the south by [[Marwar]] and [[Jaisalmer]], and on the east by [[Ajmer-Merwara]].<ref name="Jibraeil">{{cite book |author=Jibraeil |editor-last=Singh |editor-first=Vir |title=Jats: Their Role and Contribution to the Socio-Economic Life and Polity of North and North-West India |volume=2 |year=2006 |publisher=Originals |isbn=978-81-88629-51-0 |page=223 |edition=1st |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8BFuAAAAMAAJ |chapter=Position of Jats in Churu Region}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Karni|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=07sBAAAAMAAJ&q=Jangal+desh|title=The Relations of the House of Bikaner with the Central Powers, 1465-1949|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers|year=1974|isbn=978-0-8364-0457-9|pages=12|quote="The old name of the territories which went to constitute the Rathore principality of Bikaner, had been 'Jangal Desh'.|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hooja|first=Rima|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ&q=Jangal+desh|title=A History of Rajasthan|publisher=Rupa & Company|year=2006|isbn=978-81-291-0890-6|pages=6|quote=In a different context, a part of the desert land now part of the administrative division of Bikaner was apparently known as 'Jangal' (also 'Jangal-desh).|language=en}}</ref>

The term Jangladesh means "rough and dry country", and it is first mentioned in the ''[[Mahabharata]]'', although it does not mention an exact location. Later [[Sanskrit]] texts, such as ''Bhava Prakasha'' and ''Shabdakalpadruma Kosha'', suggested that the land was a hot, arid region, where trees grow with little water.<ref name=":5" />

==History==
{{expand section|date=July 2025}}
The core territory of the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari]] (551-1192 CE) was in this region, and it was known as both Sapadalaksha and Jangala-desha.<ref name=":5">{{cite book |author=Har Bilas Sarda |author-link=Har Bilas Sarda |title=Speeches And Writings Har Bilas Sarda |publisher=Vedic Yantralaya |location=Ajmer |year=1935 |url=https://archive.org/stream/speechesandwriti030754mbp#page/n272/mode/1up}}</ref><ref>For a theorized map of the Chahamana territory: {{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |page=147, map XIV.3 (d) |isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=185 |archive-date=5 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605005217/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=185 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Between the 10th and 12th centuries, the political landscape had changed. Much of the northern and western regions were ruled by the [[Bhati|Bhati Rajputs]]. Around [[Bhatner]], there were many settlements of [[Muslim]] [[Bhatti]]s and [[Johiya]]s. The remaining regions were controlled by [[Jats]], who were ruled by their own chiefs and largely governed by their own customs.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Sharma|first=Dasharatha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1dXAAAAMAAJ&q=rajasthan+through+the+ages|title=Rajasthan Through the Ages: From the earliest times to 1316 A.D|publisher=Rajasthan State Archives|year=1966|location=Bikaner|pages=287–288|language=en|quote=There is good reason to believe that parts of the present north-eastern and north-western Rajasthan were inhabited by Jat clans ruled by their own chiefs and largely governed by their own customary law.}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Hooja|first=Rima|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ&q=Jangal+desh|title=A History of Rajasthan|publisher=Rupa & Company|year=2006|isbn=978-81-291-0890-6|pages=385|quote=the Bhatis who controlled the territories to the north and west while to the east, north-east and south east were the settlements of different Jat clans...around this renowned Bhatner were the settlements of the chiefly muslim Bhattis, Johiyas and others.}}</ref><ref name="Jibraeil1">{{cite book |author=Jibraeil |editor-last=Singh |editor-first=Vir |title=Jats: Their Role and Contribution to the Socio-Economic Life and Polity of North and North-West India |volume=2 |year=2006 |publisher=Originals |isbn=978-81-88629-51-0 |pages=221–223 |edition=1st |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8BFuAAAAMAAJ |chapter=Position of Jats in Churu Region}}</ref>

In the 15th century, [[Rao Bika]], emboldened by the prophecies of [[Karni Mata]], successfully led a coalition of [[Rathores]], [[Charan]]s, and [[Godara]] Jats, and captured the region. As a result, most Jat [[chieftain]]s had to accept the [[suzerainty]] of the [[Bikaner State]]. Bika also saved the Jats from the predations of the [[Bhati|Bhatis]], acting as their buffer.<ref name="Jibraeil"/><ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Kothiyal|first=Tanuja|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=be-7CwAAQBAJ&dq=rao+bika+jats&pg=PA78|title=Nomadic Narratives: A History of Mobility and Identity in the Great Indian|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2016|isbn=9781107080317|pages=78|access-date=2020-09-17}}</ref>{{clarification needed|date=July 2025}} The region was subsequently renamed to Bikaner, and would later be incorporated into the [[Rajputana Agency]].

==States==
=== Sidhmukh State ===
The Sidhmukh State (1068 - 17th century) was established by the [[Jat#Hindu Jats|Hindu Jat]] adventurer Rao Kasupal Kaswan of [[Mandore]]. In 1068 AD, Kasupal attacked the Mohil [[Rajput]] principality of [[Chhapar]] with 5000 soldiers,<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last1=Qanungo|first1=Kalika Ranjan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F149AAAAMAAJ&q=Jangal+desh|title=Studies in Rajput History|last2=Kānūnago|first2=Kālikā Rañjana|date=1960|publisher=S. Chand|pages=60|quote=whereas the Jats lived in the Jangal-desh (a portion of ancient Kuru-Jangal region), which covers Bikanir and some portion of the Jodhpur State.|language=en}}</ref> and then marched on [[Sidhmukh]], establishing his rule after defeating Ranjit Singh [[Johiya]].<ref name=":1" /> Thus, he established Kaswan Jat rule over Sidhmukh and its environs. Kasupal then moved towards [[Satyun|Satyu]] and killed 7 [[Chauhan (surname)|Chauhan]] chiefs, capturing their territories.{{cn|date=December 2025}}

==See also==
*[[Bagar (region)]]
*[[Bikaner State]]
*[[History of Rajasthan]]
*[[History of Haryana]]
*[[Shekhawati]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:History of Rajasthan]]

Jangladesh - Revision history

Chefajaychopra123 at 22:13, 6 January 2026