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{{Other uses|Jantar Mantar (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}

[[File:Jantar Mantar at Jaipur.jpg|thumb|[[Jantar Mantar (Jaipur)|Jantar Mantar]] in [[Jaipur]], India.]]
[[File:Jantar Mantar at Jaipur - 1928.JPG|thumb|[[Jantar Mantar (Jaipur)|Jantar Mantar]] in [[Jaipur]], India, 1928.]]
[[File:Jantar Mantar Delhi 27-05-2005.jpg|thumb|[[Jantar Mantar (Delhi)|Jantar Mantar]] in [[New Delhi]], India.]]

The '''Jantar Mantar''' is an [[equinox|equinoctial]] [[sundial]], consisting of a gigantic triangular [[gnomon]] with the [[hypotenuse]] parallel to the [[Earth]]'s axis. On either side of the gnomon is a [[Quadrant (circle)|quadrant]] of a circle, parallel to the plane of the [[equator]]. The instrument is intended to measure the time of day, correct to half a second and [[declination]] of the [[Sun]] and the other [[Astronomical object|heavenly bodies]].

There were five Jantar Mantars in [[India]], of which [[Jantar Mantar (Jaipur)|the largest]] is in [[Jaipur]] which features many instruments along with the world's largest stone sundial.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Smithsonian|title=Timelines of Science|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-1465414342|page=136}}</ref> At present only four Jantar Mantar exist, as the Jantar Mantar at Mathura was torn down just before [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Revolt of 1857]]. The Vrihat Samrat Yantra is a sundial that is claimed to give the local time to an accuracy of 2 seconds.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://amerjaipur.in/Amer-monuments-description.php?mid=10&name=Jantar%20Mantar%20Jaipur|title = Jantar Mantar Jaipur|access-date = 2016-01-01|website = amerjaipur.in|last = pareek|first = Amit kumar pareek and Agam kumar|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160207034238/http://amerjaipur.in/Amer-monuments-description.php?mid=10&name=Jantar%20Mantar%20Jaipur|archive-date = 7 February 2016|url-status = live}}</ref> It is a UNESCO [[World Heritage Site]].

==History==
In the early 18th century, [[Maharaja]] [[Jai Singh II]] of [[Jaipur]] constructed five Jantar Mantar in total, in [[Jantar Mantar, New Delhi|New Delhi]], [[Jantar Mantar (Jaipur)|Jaipur]], [[Ujjain]], [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]] and [[Jantar Mantar, Varanasi|Varanasi]]; they were completed between 1724 and 1735.

The Jantar have like Samrat Yantra, Jai Prakash, Ram Yantra and Niyati Chakra; each of which are used to for various astronomical calculations. The primary purpose of the observatory was to compile astronomical tables and to predict the times and movements of the [[sun]], [[moon]] and [[planets]].<ref>Sankalp India Foundation. ''[http://sankalpindia.net/drupal/?q=jantart-mantar-get-lost-space Jantar Mantar: Get lost in space!]'' (2008-07-22).</ref>

List Of Instruments:

* Samrat Yantra
* Jai Prakash Yantra
* Disha Yantra
* Rama Yantra
* Chakra Yantra
* Rashiwalya Yantra
* Dingash Yantra
* Utaansh Yantra

[[Image:Vedh Shala, Ujjain 01.jpg|thumb|The [[Sundial|Sun Dial]] at the [[Vedh Shala]] in [[Ujjain]], [[India]].]]

==Name==
The name "Jantar Mantar" is at least 200 years old, finding a mention in an account from 1803.<ref name=sjsa/> However, the archives of Jaipur State, such as accounts from 1735 and 1737–1738, do not use this as ''Jantra'', which in the spoken language is corrupted to ''Jantar''.<ref name=sjsa/> The word ''Jantra'' is derived from ''[[yantra]]'', instrument, while the suffix ''Mantar'' is derived from mantrana meaning consult or calculate.<ref name=sjsa/> The words ''jantar'' and ''mantar'' (or ''yantra'' and ''mantra'') mean calculation instrument.

==See also==
*[[Jantar Mantar, Jaipur|Jantar Mantar in Jaipur]]
*[[Jantar Mantar, New Delhi|Jantar Mantar in New Delhi]]
*[[Jantar Mantar, Varanasi|Jantar Mantar in Varanasi]]
*[[Vedh Shala|Jantar Mantar in Ujjain]]
*[[List of archaeoastronomical sites sorted by country]]
*[[Yantra]]
*[[Mantra]]

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=sjsa>{{citation
| last = Sharma
| first =V‌irendra Nath
| year = 1995
| pages = 98–99
| title = Sawai Jai Singh and His Astronomy
| publisher = Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
| isbn = 81-208-1256-5
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=QRA2mgZnXXMC&pg=PA98
}}
</ref>
}}

* {{citation
|author=Anisha Shekhar Mukherji
|title=Jantar Mantar: Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh's Observatory in Delhi
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QyI6tKjRhdgC
|access-date=23 July 2013
|year=2010
|publisher=Ambi Knowledge Resource
|isbn=978-81-903591-1-5}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Jantar Mantar}}
* [http://www.jantarmantar.org/ Jantar Mantar - The Astronomical Observatories of Jai Singh II], "a project initiated by Cornell University Professor of Art, Barry Perlus"
* [http://perso.orange.fr/cadrans.solaires/cadrans/cadrans-jaipur.html Pictures with French text]
* [http://7thtraveler.com/jantar-mantar-jaipur-history-timings-entry-fee-images-information/ Jantar Mantar Jaipur Timings, Entry Fee]

{{Indian astronomy}}
{{Indian mathematics}}

{{Coord|26|55|28|N|75|49|29.5|E|source:dewiki_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category: Ancient astronomical observatories]]
[[Category: Archaeoastronomy]]
[[Category: Astronomical observatories in India]]
[[Category: Buildings and structures in Delhi]]
[[Category: History of science and technology in India]]
[[Category: Rajput architecture]]

Jantar Mantar - Revision history

>RacoonyRE at 15:59, 23 May 2021