->Amandeep ekka at 05:24, 9 November 2021

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{{Short description|District of Chhattisgarh in India}}
{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Jashpur}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jashpur district
| settlement_type = [[Districts of Chhattisgarh|District]] of [[Chhattisgarh]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_skyline = Eb river of at Gullu waterfall.jpg
| image_caption = Gullu waterfall on the Eb river
| image_map = Jashpur in Chhattisgarh (India).svg
| map_caption = Location of Jashpur district in Chhattisgarh
| coordinates = {{coord|22|54|N|84|09|E|source:itwiki_type:adm3rd|display=title,inline}}
| coor_pinpoint = Jashpur Nagar
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| subdivision_type2 = Division
| subdivision_name2 = Surguja
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Jashpur Nagar]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = 8
| area_total_km2 = 5,838
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 851,669
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 82%
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 1000:1004
| leader_title = District Collector and Magistrate
| leader_name = Ritesh Agrawal
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = 1
| leader_title2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name2 = 3
Kunkuri
Jashpur
Pathalgaon
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = 1(NH-43)
| blank_name_sec2 = Average annual precipitation
| blank_info_sec2 = 1400 mm
| website = {{URL|http://jashpur.nic.in/}}
| official_name =
}}
'''Jashpur District''' lies in the north-eastern corner of the central Indian state of [[Chhattisgarh]] adjoining the border of [[Jharkhand]] and [[Odisha]]. [[Jashpur Nagar]] is the administrative headquarters of the district. It is placed among valleys and surrounded with lush green environment. Jashpur has a rich historical culture. It was a princely state before independence. The density of the population is 132 persons per sq. km. 91% of the population is rural where as 9% belongs to the urban populace. Tribals are 62.28% of the district Population.

Shri Ritesh Agrawal is the District Collector and Magistrate of Jashpur. He has previously served as DM Bijapur, CEO Zila Panchayat Bilaspur, Bastar, Dhamtari & Gariyaband.<ref>http://jashpur.gov.in</ref>

==History==
During the [[British Raj]] Jashpur town was the capital of [[Jashpur State]], one of the [[princely state]]s of the [[Eastern States Agency]].<ref name="sketch1875">Malleson, G. B.: ''An historical sketch of the native states of India,'' London 1875, Reprint Delhi 1984</ref> Merged with independent India in 1948, the last king before Independence was Vijay Bhushan Singh Ju Deo.

==Geography==

The north-south length of this district is about 150 km, and its east-west breadth is about 85 km. Its total area is 6,205 km². It is between 22° 17′ and 23° 15′ North latitude and 83° 30′ and 84° 24′ East longitude. Geographical area was 6701 km².

It is divided geographically into two parts. The northern hilly belt is called the Upper Ghat. The remaining, southern part, is called Nichghat.

The upper ghat runs from Loroghat Kastura, Narayanpur, Bagicha up to the [[Surguja district]]. This belt is a forest area and contains a reserve forest. It covers Sanna, Bagicha, and Narayanpur. The upper ghat is an extension plateau covering 1384 km² which is about 1200 meters above sea level and is covered by a dense forest. The elevated plateau is called "Pat". The Upper Ghat is climbed through Loroghat. Loroghat is about 4 km in length and there are three turnings that are very dangerous.

Nichghat is flat in general but also has many big mountains. In Jashpur Raigarh road there are two more [[ghats]], Jhanda ghat before Kansabel and Belaghat after Kansabel.

Major rivers in the Mahanadi basin are Ib and its tributaries such as Dorki, Maini, Kokiya, Utai, Khadung, and Burhi. In the eastern part, rivers named Girma and Lava Nadi flow in the Brahmani basin. Lower Ganges part is mainly drained by Geor and Kanhar rivers. The drainage pattern is dendritic and is highly irregular, which is reflective of the topography. Irregular topography results in huge base flow through the streams and less recharge.
[[File:Rivers of Jashpur.jpg|thumb|Rivers of Jashpur]]

===Towns===
The main towns situated on the [[National Highways Authority of India|national highway]] (N.H.78) are Lodam, Gholeng, and Jashpur in the Upper ghat and Kunkuri, Bandarchuwan, Kansabel, Ludeg, and Pathalgaon. The roads running from Jashpur H.Q are:

# Jashpur Ranchi.
# Jashpur Ambikapur via Manora, Kusmi (170).
# Jashpur Ambikapur via Sanna Bagicha (170 km). These 2 and 3 are not the all-weather road.
# Jashpur Ambikapur via Kunkuri, Patthalgaon (200 km).
# Jashpur Ambikapur via Nrayanpur Baghicha.

===Climate===
[[Kunkuri]] is the hottest region in Nichghat during the summer and [[Pandrapat]] is the coldest region in Upper Ghat in the winter. It is situated between forests. It is a junction, from Raigarh and from Ambikapur or Jashpur all the people need to cross Patthalgaon first.

Weather record
|location = [[Jashpur District]] (1998–2015)
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Weather Data !! JAN !! FEB !! MAR !! APR !! MAY !! JUN !! JULY !! AUG !! SEPT !! OCT !! NOV !! DEC !! Annual

|-
| Max Temperature (°C) || 31.20 || 35.19 || 39.13 || '''42.87''' || '''43.74''' || '''44.0''' || 36.77 || 33.50 || 34.29 || 33.56 || 32.80 || 30.25 || 36.45
|-
| Min Temperature (°C) || '''1.18''' || 5.83 || 8.77 || 16.01 || 19.13 || 20.67 || 20.48 || 21.01 || 19.48 || 13.2 || 8.15 || '''5.66''' || 13.33
|-
| Rainfall(mm) || 19.23 || 16.25 || 20.42 || 19.87 || 36.50 || 191.1 || '''389.62''' || '''380.44''' || 236.83 || 75.85 || 7.23 || 6.77 || 1400.173
|}

===Soil===
Yellow soils (Ultisols)
and red soils (Alfisols)
developed over the granitoids
occupy most part of the district
Black soils (Inceptisols) have
formed over the deccan traps
in small patches.

===Geology and Hydrology===
Most part of the District is covered by [[granitoid]]s. A small portion in the
northwestern part is occupied by the Deccan Traps and Lametas. Almost
the entire area has a thick [[laterite]] cover.
Nearly 90% of the area in the district is covered with granitoids, which include
[[granite gneiss]], [[chlorite]]-[[biotite]] [[gneiss]], [[muscovite]] [[granite]], [[granodiorite]] etc. Remaining area
is occupied by Deccan Traps and Lametas. The entire has a thick carapace of laterite.
Thickness of laterite cover varies from a few metres to more than 30m at several places.
Broadly the area can be divided into 4 hydro-stratigraphic units viz. Laterite, Granitoids,
Deccan Traps and Lametas.
[[File:Landuse landcover map of jasphur district.jpg|thumb|Landuse landcover map of jasphur district]]

===Geomorphology===

i) Major Physiographic Units - The northern hilly areas can be
categorised as structural hills
and the relatively plain areas in
the southern part can be
categorised as pediplains.

ii) Major Drainage - Mahanadi basin occupies nearly 71% area in the central part, Bramhani basin covers 21% area in the eastern part
and Lower Ganges basin
spreads over an area of 8% in
the northern part of the district.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Jashpur district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 851,669,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Qatar]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Qatar 848,016 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> or the US state of [[South Dakota]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau
|access-date=2011-09-30
|quote=South Dakota 814,180
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=2013-10-19
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 473rd in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 146 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 14.65%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Jashpur has a [[sex ratio]] of 1004 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 68.6%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 5.73% and 62.28% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/>

===Languages===
{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Jashpur district, 2011 census
|label1 = [[Sadri language|Sadri]] |value1 = 48.83 |color1 = peachpuff
|label2 = [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]] |value2 = 27.57 |color2 = darkblue
|label3 = [[Chhattisgarhi language|Chhattisgarhi]] |value3 = 10.29 |color3 = red
|label4 = [[Odia language|Odia]] |value4 = 5.11 |color4 = saddlebrown
|label5 = [[Hindi]] |value5 = 4.98 |color5 = orange
|label6 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] |value6 = 1.36 |color6 = lightcoral
|label7 = Others |value7 = 1.86 |color7 = grey
}}
At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 48.83% of the population in the district spoke [[Sadri language|Sadri]], 27.57% [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]], 10.28% [[Chhattisgarhi language|Chhattisgarhi]], 5.11% [[Odia language|Odia]], 4.98% [[Hindi]] and 1.36% [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
7. GOVT. Of INDIA Ministry Of Water Resources Central Ground Water Board
8. One of the important information page in facebook about jashpur. https://www.facebook.com/JashpurNagarcg/

==External links==
* {{official website|http://jashpur.nic.in}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Jashpur district
|North =
|Northeast = [[Gumla district]], [[Jharkhand]]
|East = [[Simdega district]], [[Jharkhand]]
|Southeast = [[Sundargarh district]], [[Odisha]]
|South =
|Southwest = [[Raigarh district]]
|West =
|Northwest = [[Surguja district]]
}}

{{Jashpur district}}
{{Districts of Chhattisgarh}}
{{Son basin}}
{{Mahanadi Basin}}

[[Category:Jashpur district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Chhattisgarh]]

Jashpur district - Revision history

->Amandeep ekka at 05:24, 9 November 2021