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		<title>Tijusacademy at 17:10, 26 March 2026</title>
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Short description|Genus of flowering plant in the olive family Oleaceae}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{About|the plant genus|the given name|Jasmine (given name)|other uses}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{automatic taxobox&lt;br /&gt;
|image = Common Jasmine.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
|image_caption = &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Jasminum&amp;#039;&amp;#039; flower&lt;br /&gt;
|taxon = Jasminum&lt;br /&gt;
|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]&lt;br /&gt;
|type_species = &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum officinale]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|type_species_authority=&lt;br /&gt;
|subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]&lt;br /&gt;
|subdivision = More than 200, see [[List of Jasminum species|List of &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Jasminum&amp;#039;&amp;#039; species]]&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ing&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web&lt;br /&gt;
 | url = http://botany.si.edu/ing/INGsearch.cfm?searchword=Jasminum&lt;br /&gt;
 | title = &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Jasminum&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
 | access-date = 2008-06-03&lt;br /&gt;
 | work = Index Nominum Genericorum&lt;br /&gt;
 | publisher = [[International Association for Plant Taxonomy]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;CPN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite journal&lt;br /&gt;
 | url = http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&amp;amp;taxon_id=116771&lt;br /&gt;
 | title = 10. Jasminum Linnaeus&lt;br /&gt;
 | access-date = 2008-06-03&lt;br /&gt;
 | journal = Chinese Plant Names&lt;br /&gt;
  | volume = 15&lt;br /&gt;
  | page = 307&lt;br /&gt;
 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;UniProt&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{UniProt Taxonomy&lt;br /&gt;
| name = Jasminum&lt;br /&gt;
| id = 4147&lt;br /&gt;
| accessdate = 2008-06-03&lt;br /&gt;
 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| synonyms=&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Mogorium&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt; Juss.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Noldeanthus&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt; Knobl.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Nyctanthos&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt; St.-Lag.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|synonyms_ref = &amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;POWO&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:328128-2#synonyms |title= &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Tacca&amp;#039;&amp;#039; J.R.Forst. &amp;amp; G.Forst |date=2023 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher= Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=25 March 2023 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Jasmine .jpg|thumb|Common jasmine]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Jasmine&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ([[botanical name]]: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Jasminum&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, pronounced {{IPAc-en|ˈ|j|æ|s|m|ᵻ|n|əm}} {{respell|YAS|min|əm}})&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |title=Sunset Western Garden Book |year=1995 |pages=606–607}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; is a [[genus]] of [[shrub]]s and [[vine]]s in the [[olive]] family of [[Oleaceae]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;POWO&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;WFO&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web |url=http://worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-4000019529 |title=&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Jasminum&amp;#039;&amp;#039; L. |date=2023 |website=World Flora Online |publisher=World Flora Consortium |access-date=25 March 2023}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;singh2006&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;{{rp|193}} It contains around 200 species native to [[Tropical climate|tropical]] and warm [[Temperate climate|temperate]] regions of [[Eurasia]], [[Africa]], and [[Oceania]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;singh2006&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;{{rp|194}} Jasmines are widely cultivated for the characteristic fragrance of their flowers. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The village of Shubra Beloula in Egypt grows most of the jasmine used by the global perfume industry.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20220106-shubra-beloula-the-tiny-egyptian-village-few-know Shubra Beloula: The tiny Egyptian village few know]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Description ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{More citations needed section|date=March 2023}} &lt;br /&gt;
Jasmine can be either [[deciduous]] or [[evergreen]], and can be erect, spreading, or climbing [[shrub]]s and [[vine]]s. The leaves are borne in opposing or alternating arrangement and can be of simple, trifoliate, or pinnate formation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The flowers are typically around {{convert|2.5|cm|in|abbr=on}} in diameter. They are white or yellow, although in rare instances they can be slightly reddish. The flowers are borne in [[Inflorescence|cymose]] clusters with a minimum of three flowers, though they can also be solitary on the ends of branchlets. Each flower has about four to nine [[petal]]s, two [[locule]]s, and one to four [[ovule]]s. They have two [[stamen]]s with very short filaments. The [[bract]]s are linear or ovate. The [[calyx (botany)|calyx]] is bell-shaped. They are usually very fragrant.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;singh2006&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/j/jasmin06.html A Modern Herbal]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The basic [[chromosome]] number of the genus is 13, and most species are [[diploid]] (2n=26). However, natural [[polyploidy]] exists, particularly in &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum sambac]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (triploid 3n=39), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum flexile]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (tetraploid 4n=52), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum mesnyi]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (triploid 3n=39), and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum angustifolium]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (tetraploid 4n=52).&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;singh2006&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;{{Additional citation needed|date=March 2023}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Distribution and habitat ==&lt;br /&gt;
Jasmines are native to [[tropical]] and [[subtropical]] regions of [[Eurasia]], [[Africa]], [[Australasia]] within [[Oceania]], although only one of the 200 species is native to Europe.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;CTEG&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Townsend, C. C. and Evan Guest (1980). &amp;quot;Jasminum officinale,&amp;quot; in &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Flora of Iraq,&amp;#039;&amp;#039; Vol. 4.1. Baghdad, pp. 513–519.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;mccleland&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book|author1=Ernst Schmidt |author2=Mervyn Lötter |author3=Warren McCleland |title =Trees and shrubs of Mpumalanga and Kruger National Park|publisher =Jacana Media|year =2002|page=530|isbn =978-1-919777-30-6|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=RpVJJH3kV0oC&amp;amp;q=Jasminum+genus&amp;amp;pg=PA530}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&amp;amp;taxon_id=116771 &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Jasminum&amp;#039;&amp;#039; @ EFloras.org].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Their [[center of diversity]] is in [[South Asia]] and [[Southeast Asia]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;panda&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book|author =Panda, H. |title =Cultivation and Utilization of Aromatic Plants|publisher =National Institute Of Industrial Research|year =2005|page =220|isbn =978-81-7833-027-3|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=EeckAgAAQBAJ&amp;amp;q=%E0%B9%88jusmine}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Several jasmine species have become [[Naturalisation (biology)|naturalized]] in [[Mediterranean Europe]]. For example, the so-called Spanish jasmine (&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum grandiflorum]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;) was originally from [[West Asia]], the [[Indian subcontinent]], [[Northeast Africa]], and [[East Africa]], and is now naturalized in the [[Iberian Peninsula]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;singh2006&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{GRIN |id=407300}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum fluminense]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (which is sometimes known by the inaccurate name &amp;quot;Brazilian Jasmine&amp;quot;) and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum dichotomum]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Gold Coast Jasmine) are [[invasive species]] in [[Hawaii]] and [[Florida]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{PLANTS |id=JAFL |taxon=Jasminum fluminense}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{PLANTS |id=JADI2 |taxon=Jasminum dichotomum}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum polyanthum]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, also known as pink jasmine, is an [[invasive species|invasive weed]] in Australia.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |title=Weeds of the Blue Mountains Bushland – Jasminum polyanthum |url=http://www.weedsbluemountains.org.au/jasmine.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140204150633/http://weedsbluemountains.org.au/jasmine.php |archive-date=2014-02-04 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Etymology ==&lt;br /&gt;
The name comes from Old French &amp;#039;&amp;#039;jessemin&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, from {{langx|fa|یاسمن‎|yāsamin}}&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite encyclopedia |title=Jasmine, Jessamine |dictionary=An etymological dictionary of modern English |page=779 |url=https://archive.org/details/etymologicaldict00weekuoft/page/390/ |last1=Weekley |first1=Ernest |date=1921 |publisher=London J. Murray }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; which is derived from the [[Middle Persian]] word {{lang|pal-Latn|yāsaman}} and {{lang|ar-Latn|yāsamīn}} ({{lang|ar|يَاسَمِين}}) in [[Arabic]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;MWdict&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web |title=Definition of Jasmine |website=[[Merriam-Webster]] |date=2021-10-23 |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/jasmine |access-date=2022-01-20 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;oed&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=jasmine |title=Jasmine |publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary |date=2022 |accessdate=4 March 2022 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The word entered [[Middle French]] around 1570 and was first used in English in [[16th century]] England.&amp;lt;ref name=oed/&amp;gt; The Persian name is also the origin of the genus name, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Jasminum&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |last1=Bayton |first1=Ross |title=The Gardener&amp;#039;s Botanical: An Encyclopedia of Latin Plant Names |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D0ipDwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;q=jasminum |date=2019 |publisher=[[Royal Horticultural Society]] |location=London, UK |isbn=978-1-78472-677-5 |page=170}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Taxonomy ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Species]] belonging to the [[genus]] are classified under the tribe [[Jasmineae]] of the olive family ([[Oleaceae]]).&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;singh2006&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book|author=Singh, A. K. |title =Flower Crops: Cultivation and Management|publisher =New India Publishing|year =2006|pages=193–205|isbn =978-81-89422-35-6|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=Bfb1T6QbfaAC&amp;amp;q=Jasminum+genus&amp;amp;pg=PA193}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Jasminum&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is divided into five [[section (botany)|sections]]—&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Alternifolia&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Jasminum&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Primulina&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Trifoliolata&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Unifoliolata&amp;#039;&amp;#039;.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;GRIN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?6186 |title=&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Jasminum&amp;#039;&amp;#039; L. |author=USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program |publisher=Germplasm Resources Information Network, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory |access-date=November 22, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126042226/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?6186 |archive-date=January 26, 2012 |url-status=dead }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Jasmine Rose photo.jpg|thumb]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Species ===&lt;br /&gt;
{{Main|List of Jasminum species}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Species include:&amp;lt;ref name=grin&amp;gt;{{ cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?6186 |title=&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Jasminum&amp;#039;&amp;#039; information from NPGS/GRIN |author=GRIN |author-link=Germplasm Resources Information Network |work=Taxonomy for Plants |publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]], [[Agricultural Research Service|ARS]], National Genetic Resources Program |location=National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, [[Beltsville, Maryland]] |access-date=October 19, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924122055/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?6186 |archive-date=September 24, 2015 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum abyssinicum|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;abyssinicum]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Hochst. ex DC.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;–&amp;amp;nbsp;forest jasmine&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum adenophyllum|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;adenophyllum]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Wall.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;–&amp;amp;nbsp;bluegrape jasmine, pinwheel jasmine, princess jasmine&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum andamanicum|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;andamanicum]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;N.P.Balakr. &amp;amp; N.G.Nair&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum angulare|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;angulare]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Vahl&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum angustifolium|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;angustifolium]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;(L.) Willd.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum auriculatum|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;auriculatum]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Vahl&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;–&amp;amp;nbsp;Indian jasmine&amp;lt;!--May be typo; spelled &amp;quot;hasmine&amp;#039;&amp;#039; according to http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?405167--&amp;gt;, needle-flower jasmine&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum azoricum|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;azoricum]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;L.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum beesianum|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;beesianum]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Forrest &amp;amp; Diels&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;–&amp;amp;nbsp;red jasmine&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum dichotomum|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;dichotomum]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Vahl&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;–&amp;amp;nbsp;Gold Coast jasmine&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum didymum|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;didymum]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;G.Forst.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum dispermum|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;dispermum]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Wall.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum elegans|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;elegans]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Knobl.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum elongatum|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;elongatum]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;(P.J.Bergius) Willd.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum floridum|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;floridum]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Bunge&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum fluminense|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;fluminense]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Vell.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum fruticans|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;fruticans]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;L.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum grandiflorum|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;grandiflorum]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;L.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;–&amp;amp;nbsp;Catalan jasmine, jasmin odorant, royal jasmine, Spanish jasmine&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum genie|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;grandiflorum]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;L.Vell.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum humile|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;humile]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;L.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;–&amp;amp;nbsp;Italian jasmine, Italian yellow jasmine&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum lanceolarium|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;lanceolarium]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Roxb.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum laurifolium|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;laurifolium]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Roxb. ex Hornem.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; angel-wing jasmine&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum malabaricum|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;malabaricum]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Wight&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum mesnyi|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;mesnyi]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Hance&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;–&amp;amp;nbsp;Japanese jasmine, primrose jasmine, yellow jasmine&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum multiflorum|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;multiflorum]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;(Burm.f.) Andrews&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;–&amp;amp;nbsp;Indian jasmine, star jasmine, winter jasmine&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum multipartitum|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;multipartitum]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Hochst.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;–&amp;amp;nbsp;starry wild jasmine&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum nervosum|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;nervosum]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Lour.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum nobile|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;nobile]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;C.B.Clarke&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum nudiflorum|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;nudiflorum]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Lindl.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;–&amp;amp;nbsp;winter jasmine&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum odoratissimum|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;odoratissimum]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;L.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;–&amp;amp;nbsp;yellow jasmine&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum officinale|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;officinale]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;L.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;–&amp;amp;nbsp;common jasmine, jasmine, jessamine, poet&amp;#039;s jasmine, summer jasmine, white jasmine&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum parkeri|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;parkeri]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Dunn&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;–&amp;amp;nbsp;dwarf jasmine&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum polyanthum|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;polyanthum]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Franch.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum sambac|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;sambac]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;(L.) Aiton&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;–&amp;amp;nbsp;Arabian jasmine, Sambac jasmine&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum simplicifolium|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;simplicifolium]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;G.Forst.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum sinense|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;sinense]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Hemsl.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum subhumile|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;subhumile]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;W.W.Sm.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum tortuosum|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;tortuosum]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Willd.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum urophyllum|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;urophyllum]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Hemsl.&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum volubile|J.&amp;amp;nbsp;volubile]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Jacq..&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{div col end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;gallery widths=&amp;quot;200px&amp;quot; heights=&amp;quot;200px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
File: Jasminum sambac &amp;#039;Grand Duke of Tuscany&amp;#039;.jpg|&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum sambac]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;quot;Grand Duke of Tuscany&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
File:Jsambac.jpg|A [[double-flowered]] cultivar of &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Jasminum sambac&amp;#039;&amp;#039; in flower with an unopened bud.&lt;br /&gt;
File: Jasmine Bud.jpg|Jasmine buds&lt;br /&gt;
File: Jasmine lifecycle.jpg|Lifecycle of Arabian jasmine flower&lt;br /&gt;
File: Bunch of jasmine flowers.jpg|Jasmine flowers&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Jasmonates ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Main|Jasmonate}}&lt;br /&gt;
Jasmine lends its name to [[jasmonate]] plant hormones, as [[methyl jasmonate]] isolated from the oil of &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum grandiflorum]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; led to the discovery of the molecular structure of [[jasmonate]]s.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite journal |author=Demole E  |year=1962 |title=Isolement et détermination de la structure du jasmonate de méthyle, constituant odorant caractéristique de l&amp;#039;essence de jasmin|journal=Helv Chim Acta|volume=45 |pages=675–85 |doi=10.1002/hlca.19620450233 |last2=Lederer |first2=E. |last3=Mercier |first3=D. |issue=2 |bibcode=1962HChAc..45..675D }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Jasmonates occur [[ubiquitous]]ly across the [[plant kingdom]], having key roles in responses to environmental cues, such as heat or cold stress, and participate in the [[signal transduction]] pathways of many plants.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite journal|pmc=4701901|year=2016|last1=Sharma|first1=M|title=Jasmonates: Emerging Players in Controlling Temperature Stress Tolerance|journal=Frontiers in Plant Science|volume=6|pages=1129|last2=Laxmi|first2=A|doi=10.3389/fpls.2015.01129|pmid=26779205|doi-access=free |bibcode=2016FrPS....6.1129S }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Cultural importance ==&lt;br /&gt;
Jasmine is cultivated commercially for domestic and industrial uses, such as the perfume industry.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |title=What&amp;#039;s So Great About the Jasmine Flower? |url=https://www.earth.com/earthpedia-articles/whats-great-about-jasmine/ |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=Earth.com |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; It is used in rituals like marriages, religious ceremonies, and festivals.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |last1=August 8 |last2=Comments |first2=2018 {{!}} Micaela Nerguizian {{!}} |title=Hopa! Rituals and Symbols of an Armenian Wedding |url=https://festival.si.edu/blog/rituals-symbols-armenian-wedding-celebration |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=Smithsonian Folklife Festival |language=en-US}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Jasmine flower vendors sell garlands of jasmine, or in the case of the thicker &amp;#039;&amp;#039;motiyaa&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (in Hindi) or &amp;#039;&amp;#039;mograa&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (in Marathi) varieties, bunches of jasmine are common.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |title=10 Different Types of Jasmine Plants (Photos) - Garden Lovers Club |url=https://www.gardenloversclub.com/ornamental/flowers/jasmine/types-of-jasmine/ |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=www.gardenloversclub.com |date=22 February 2020 |language=en-us}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; They may be found around entrances to [[temple]]s, on major thoroughfares, and in major [[business area]]s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Zine El Abidine Ben Ali#Rise to the presidency|A change in presidency in Tunisia in 1987]]&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;jasmin87_ayari_geisser&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web |last=Michael |first=Ayari |author2=Vincent Geisser |language=fr |title=Tunisie : la Révolution des &amp;quot;Nouzouh&amp;quot;* n&amp;#039;a pas l&amp;#039;odeur du jasmin |publisher=Témoignage chrétien |year=2011 |url=http://www.temoignagechretien.fr/ARTICLES/International/Tunisie-la-Revolution-des-%C2%ABNouzouh%C2%BB*-n%E2%80%99a-pas-l%E2%80%99odeur-du-jasmin/Default-3-2370.xhtml |access-date=2011-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128201953/http://www.temoignagechretien.fr/ARTICLES/International/Tunisie-la-Revolution-des-%C2%ABNouzouh%C2%BB*-n%E2%80%99a-pas-l%E2%80%99odeur-du-jasmin/Default-3-2370.xhtml |archive-date=2011-01-28 |url-status=dead }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;jasmin87_QudOran&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web |language=fr |title=La révolution par le feu et par un clic |publisher=[[Le Quotidien d&amp;#039;Oran]]/moofid.com |date=2011-02-25 |url=http://news.moofid.com/fr-8441-La-revolution-par-le-feu-et-par-un-clic.htm |access-date=2011-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714113629/http://news.moofid.com/fr-8441-La-revolution-par-le-feu-et-par-un-clic.htm |archive-date=2011-07-14 |url-status=dead }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and the [[Tunisian Revolution]] of 2011 are both called &amp;quot;[[Jasmine Revolution (disambiguation)|Jasmine revolution]]s&amp;quot; in reference to the flower.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kim |first=Elvis H |date=September 2021 |title=Democratization and Authoritarianism in the Information Age |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/22338659211026006 |journal=International Area Studies Review |language=en |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=205–223 |doi=10.1177/22338659211026006 |s2cid=237434616 |issn=2233-8659|url-access=subscription }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;[[Jasmine (given name)|Jasmine]]&amp;quot; is a common female [[given name]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;gallery mode=&amp;quot;packed-hover&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
File:Tea patterns p1160028.jpg|surface of Jasmine tea&lt;br /&gt;
File:Chinesischer Maler des 12. Jahrhunderts (I) 001.jpg|&amp;#039;&amp;#039; The White Jasmine Branch&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, painting of ink and color on silk by Chinese artist Zhao Chang, early 12th century&lt;br /&gt;
File:Meenakshi Sundareswarar.jpg|Jasmine used as garland&lt;br /&gt;
File:Jasmine Flower full bloom on the plant near Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. 01.jpg|Jasmine flower blooming&lt;br /&gt;
File:Photo Jasmine flowers harvest 1965 - Touring Club Italiano 1.2940.jpg|Jasmine flowers harvest in Reggio Calabria, Italy (1965)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Symbolism ===&lt;br /&gt;
Several countries and states consider jasmine as a [[national symbol]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Syria]]: The Syrian city [[Damascus]] is called the City of Jasmine.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://peacockplume.fr/food-travel/damascus-city-jasmine|title=Damascus, the City of Jasmine|author=Anabel Bachour|date=23 February 2017|publisher=Peacock Plume, Student Media, The American University of Paris, France|access-date=26 May 2019|archive-date=12 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412114937/http://peacockplume.fr/food-travel/damascus-city-jasmine|url-status=dead}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Hawaii]]: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum sambac]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (&amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;pikake&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;quot;) is a common flower used in [[lei (garland)|leis]] and is the subject of many Hawaiian songs.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite news |last=Hitt |first=Christine |date=1 May 2018 |title=7 of Hawaii&amp;#039;s Most Popular Lei and What Makes Them Unique |work=Hawaii Magazine |url=https://www.hawaiimagazine.com/7-of-hawaiis-most-popular-lei-and-what-makes-them-unique/ |access-date=1 March 2022}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Indonesia]]: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum sambac]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is the national flower, adopted in 1990.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.proxsis.com/perundangan/LH/doc/uu/F00-1993-00004.pdf Keputusan Presiden No. 4 Tahun 1993] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402234237/http://www.proxsis.com/perundangan/LH/doc/uu/F00-1993-00004.pdf |date=2012-04-02 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; It goes by the name &amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;melati putih&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;quot; and is used in wedding ceremonies for ethnic Indonesians, especially on the island of [[Java]].&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Pakistan]]: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum officinale]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is known as the &amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;chambeli&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;yasmin&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;quot;, it is the [[National symbols of Pakistan|national flower]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |last=Akhtar |first=Moin |date=26 October 2020 |title=Pakistan National Flower, Animal and Bird |url=https://ilm.com.pk/pakistan/pakistan-information/pakistan-national-flower-animal-and-bird/ |access-date=2 March 2022 |website=ILM.com.pk}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Philippines]]: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Jasminum sambac]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is the national flower. Adopted in 1935, it is known as &amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[sampaguita]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;quot; in the islands. It is usually strung in garlands which are then used to adorn religious images.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |date=10 November 2021 |title=Philippine National Flower- Sampaguita |url=https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/2021/11/10/philippine-national-flower-sampaguita/#:~:text=For%20today&amp;#039;s%20%23WildlifeWednesday%2C%20let&amp;#039;s%20learn,purity%2C%20fidelity%2C%20and%20hope. |access-date=2 March 2022 |website=National Museum of the Philippines}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Thailand]]: Jasmine flowers are used as a symbol of motherhood.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.flowerstips.org/symbolic-spiritual-meaning-jasmine-flowers/|title=Symbolic and spiritual meaning of jasmine flowers|date=2017-01-03|website=Gardening Tips {{!}} Flower Wiki|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-25}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Tunisia]]: The national flower of Tunisia is jasmine. It was chosen as a symbol for the [[Tunisian Revolution]].&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Iran]]: (and/or [[Shia Islam]]), Jasmine is considered as a symbol for [[Fatimah al-Zahra]], the daughter of the Islam prophet [[Muhammad]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.pasokhgoo.ir/node/31525 علت نامگذاری حضرت زهرا (س) به گل یاس و مهدی موعود (عج) به گل نرگس چیست ؟ التماس دها (i.e.: What is the reason for naming Hazrat Zahra (PBUH) after the jasmine flower and the Promised Mahdi (PBUH) after the narcissus flower?)]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Other plants called &amp;quot;jasmine&amp;quot; ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{div col|colwidth=20em}} &lt;br /&gt;
*Brazilian jasmine &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Mandevilla sanderi]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &lt;br /&gt;
*Cape jasmine &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Gardenia]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
*Carolina jasmine &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Gelsemium sempervirens]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
*Crape jasmine &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Tabernaemontana divaricata]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
*Chilean jasmine &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Mandevilla laxa]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Jasmine rice]], a type of long-grain rice&lt;br /&gt;
*Madagascar jasmine &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Stephanotis floribunda]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
*New Zealand jasmine &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Parsonsia capsularis]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
*Night-blooming jasmine &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Cestrum nocturnum]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &lt;br /&gt;
*Night-flowering jasmine &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Nyctanthes arbor-tristis]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
*Orange jasmine &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Murraya paniculata]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &lt;br /&gt;
*Red jasmine &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Plumeria rubra]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
*Star jasmine, Confederate jasmine &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Trachelospermum jasminoides]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &lt;br /&gt;
*Paraguaian jasmine &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Brunfelsia australis]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Tree jasmine (disambiguation)]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{div col end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Further reading ==&lt;br /&gt;
* {{cite journal&lt;br /&gt;
 | url = http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&amp;amp;taxon_id=116771&lt;br /&gt;
 | title = &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Jasminum&amp;#039;&amp;#039; Linn&lt;br /&gt;
 | access-date = 2008-06-03&lt;br /&gt;
 | journal = Flora of Pakistan&lt;br /&gt;
 | page = 12&lt;br /&gt;
 }}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{Cite book |title=The World in So Many Words |first=Allan A. |last=Metcalf |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |year=1999 |isbn=0-395-95920-9 &amp;lt;!--|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4O0W5XyQVCYC&amp;amp;pg=PA123&amp;amp;dq=sash+etymology+arabic#PPA123,M1--&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Commons category}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Wikispecies}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Wiktionary|Jasmine|Jasminum}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* {{cite web&lt;br /&gt;
 | url = http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&amp;amp;GENUS_XREF=Jasminum&lt;br /&gt;
 | title = Flora Europaea Search Results&lt;br /&gt;
 | access-date = 2008-06-03&lt;br /&gt;
 | work = [[Flora Europaea]]&lt;br /&gt;
 | publisher = [[Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
* {{cite web&lt;br /&gt;
 | url = http://www.ville-ge.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/africa/index.php?langue=an&lt;br /&gt;
 | title = African Plants Database&lt;br /&gt;
 | publisher = [[Natural History Museum of Geneva|South African National Biodiversity Institute, the Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève]] and Tela Botanica}}&lt;br /&gt;
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Jasmine|volume=15|pages=277–278}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Taxonbar|from=Q82014}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Authority control}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Jasminum| ]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Flora of Samoa]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Garden plants]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Incense material]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Oleaceae genera]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Botanical taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Tijusacademy</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>