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{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Jatindra Mohan Sengupta
| image = Deshpriya Jatindra Mohan Sengupta.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Sengupta in [[Chittagong]]
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1885|02|22}}
| birth_place = [[Chittagong]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1933|07|23|1885|02|22}}
| death_place = [[Ranchi]], British India
| nationality = British Indian
| other_names =
| known_for =
| parents = Jatra Mohan Sengupta (father)
| spouse = Edith Ellen Gray (later known as [[Nellie Sengupta]])
| occupation = Lawyer
| alma mater = [[Downing College, Cambridge]]
}}
'''Jatindra Mohan Sengupta''' (22 February 1885 – 23 July 1933)<ref name="Rivista degli studi orientali">{{cite book|title=Rivista degli studi orientali|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IyPtAAAAMAAJ|access-date=18 December 2012|year=2001|publisher=Istituti editoriali e poligrafici internazionali}}</ref> was an Indian revolutionary against the [[British Raj|British rule]]. He was arrested several times by the British police. In 1933, he died in a prison located in [[Ranchi]], India.

Sengupta studied at Hare School, Calcutta and Presidency College, Calcutta.<ref name="Daily Star">{{cite book|title=Waqar A. Khan, Deshpriya Jatindra Mohan & Nellie Sengupta, in The Daily Star, 21 February, 2021|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/in-focus/news/deshpriya-jatindra-mohan-nellie-sengupta-2036981}}</ref> After that he travelled to England, where he studied law at [[Downing College, Cambridge]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.varsity.co.uk/features/15993|title=How a small society of Indian Cambridge students helped destroy the British Raj|work=Varsity |language=en|access-date=2019-10-09}}</ref> During his stay there, he met and married Edith Ellen Gray, later known as [[Nellie Sengupta]]. He was elected president of the Cambridge Majlis in 1908.<ref name="Daily Star"/> After returning to India, he started a legal practice. He also joined in Indian politics, becoming a member of the [[Indian National Congress]] and participating in the [[Non-Cooperation Movement]]. Eventually, he gave up his legal practice in favour of his political commitment.

== Early life ==
[[File:Nellie and Jatindra Mohan Sengupta 1985 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Nellie and Jatindra Mohan Sengupta on a 1985 stamp of India]]
Jatindra Mohan Sengupta was born on 22 February 1885 to a prominent land-owning (''[[zamindar]]'') family of Barama, in Chittagong district of [[British India]] (now in [[Chittagong]], [[Bangladesh]]).<ref name="Sengupta1968">{{cite book|author=Padmini Sathianadhan Sengupta|title=Deshapriya Jatindra Mohan Sengupta|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3hw-AAAAMAAJ|access-date=18 December 2012|year=1968|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India|page=7}}</ref> His father, [[Jatra Mohan Sengupta]], was an advocate and a member of the [[Bengal Legislative Council]].<ref name="Sengupta1968"/>

Sengupta became a student of the [[Presidency College, Kolkata|Presidency College]] in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]]. After completing his university studies, he went to England in 1904 to acquire a bachelor's degree in law. While in England, he met his future wife, Edith Ellen Gray, who is now better known as Nellie Sengupta.<ref name="Postal Stamp Image" />

== Career ==
After being awarded his degree in law, Sengupta was [[called to the Bar]] in England then returned with his wife to India, where he began practicing law as a barrister. In 1911, he represented Chittagong in the [[Bengal Provincial Conference]] at [[Faridpur Upazila|Faridpur]].<ref name="Postal Stamp Image" /> This was the beginning of his political career. Later, he joined the Indian National Congress. He also organised the employees of the [[Burmah Oil|Burmah Oil Company]] to form a union.<ref name="Chatterjee2002">{{cite book|author=Srilata Chatterjee|title=Congress Politics in Bengal: 1919–1939|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EUfLByqNx9oC&pg=PA82|year=2002|publisher=Anthem Press|isbn=978-1-84331-063-1|pages=82–}}</ref>

In 1921, Sengupta became the chairman of the Bengal Reception Committees of the Indian National Congress. That same year, during a strike at the Burmah Oil Company, he was also serving as the secretary of the employees' union.<ref name=Chatterjee2002 /> He abandoned his legal practise due to his commitment to political work, particularly related to the Non-Cooperation Movement led by [[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]]. In 1923, he was selected as a member of the Bengal Legislative Council.<ref name="Mahmud1994">{{cite book|author=Sayed Jafar Mahmud|title=Pillars of Modern India 1757–1947|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w8XPyBqxwX8C&pg=PA47|year=1994|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7024-586-5|pages=47–}}</ref>

In 1925, after the death of [[Chitta Ranjan Das]], Sengupta was elected president of the Bengal [[Swaraj Party]]. He also became president of the Bengal Provincial Congress Committee. He was mayor of Calcutta from 10 April 1929 to 29 April 1930.<ref name="Mayor of Kolkata">{{cite web|title=Mayor of Kolkata|url=https://www.kmcgov.in/KMCPortal/jsp/MayorsKolkata.jsp|publisher=Kolkata Municipal Corporation|access-date=21 December 2012}}</ref> In March 1930, at a public meeting in [[Rangoon]], he was arrested on charges of provoking people against the Government and opposing the India–Burma separation.<ref name=Mahmud1994 />

In 1931, Sengupta went to England to attend the [[Round Table Conferences (India)|Round Table Conference]], supporting the position of the Indian National Congress.<ref name=Mahmud1994 /> He submitted pictures of police atrocities committed by the British to control the Chittagong rebellion, which shook the British Government.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Surya Sen o swadhinata sangram (Bengali)|last=Prasad Das Mukhopadhyaya|publisher=Suryasena Prakashani|year=1995|location=Baharampur|pages=74, 75}}</ref>

== Death ==
Sengupta was repeatedly arrested due to his political activities. In January 1932, he was arrested and detained in [[Pune|Poona]] and then in [[Darjeeling]]. Later, he was transferred to prison in Ranchi. There, his health started to decline and he died on 23 July 1933.<ref name=Mahmud1994 />

== Influence ==
Because of his popularity and contribution to the Indian freedom movement, Jatindra Mohan Sengupta is affectionately remembered by people of Bengal with the honorific ''Deshpriya'' or ''Deshapriya'', meaning "beloved of the country".<ref name="Postal Stamp Image" /><ref name=sengupta68>{{cite book|author=Padmini Sathianadhan Sengupta|title=Deshapriya Jatindra Mohan Sengupta|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3hw-AAAAMAAJ|year=1968|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref> In many criminal cases he defended the nationalist revolutionaries in the court and saved them from the [[gallows]]. He pled for [[Surya Sen]], [[Ananta Singh]], [[Ambika Chakrabarty]] in the [[Pahartali trial]] and also saved a young revolutionary, [[Premananda Dutta]], who had been accused in the case relating to the murder of Inspector Prafulla Chakraborty.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Agnigarbha Chattagram (Bengali)|last=1st Part|first=Ananta Singha|publisher=Bidyoday Library Pvt. Ltd.|year=1968|location=Kolkata|pages=215, 216}}</ref> In 1985, a postal stamp was issued by the Indian Government in memory of Sengupta and his wife, Nellie<ref name="Postal Stamp Image">{{cite web|title=Postal Stamp Image|url=http://www.indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Alpha/J/JATINDRA%20&%20NELIE%20SENGUPTA|publisher=Indian Post|access-date=20 December 2012}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Jatindra Mohan Sengupta Memorial 3.jpg|Bust of Jatindra Mohan Sengupta at his Memorial in Kolkata
</gallery>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
{{Commons category|Jatindra Mohan Sengupta}}
* {{cite book|author=Jatindra Mohan Sen Gupta|title=Deshapriya Jatindra Mohan Sen-Gupta: his life and work|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hy0dAAAAMAAJ|year=1933|publisher=Modern Book Agency}}

{{Indian independence movement}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sengupta, Jatindra Mohan}}
[[Category:1885 births]]
[[Category:1933 deaths]]
[[Category:Mayors of Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Bengal]]
[[Category:Bengali people]]
[[Category:People from Chittagong]]
[[Category:Alumni of Downing College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Bar of England and Wales]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:Presidency University, Kolkata alumni]]

Jatindra Mohan Sengupta - Revision history

->SdkbBot at 08:55, 4 January 2022