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{{Short description|Dam in Rajasthan, northern India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox dam
| name = Jawahar Sagar Dam
| image =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 13
| mapframe-switcher = zooms
| image_caption =
| location_map =
| location_map_caption =
| location = [[Chambal River]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|25.0372|75.6780|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| status = Operational
| purpose = [[Hydroelectricity]], [[Irrigation]]
| construction_began =
| opening = 1972
| owner = [[Government of India]]
| dam_type = Concrete gravity dam
| dam_height = {{cvt|45|m}}
| dam_length = {{cvt|393|m}}
| dam_volume =
| spillway_type =
| spillway_capacity =
| reservoir =
| res_capacity_total = 67.07 million cubic meters (2.37 tmcft)
| active_capacity =
| inactive_capacity =
| plant_capacity = 3 units of 33 MW
| surface_area =
| max_length =
| max_width =
| reservoir_length =
| reservoir_depth =
| elevation_above_sea =
| plant_type =
| plant_annual_gen =
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| website =
}}

The '''Jawahar Sagar Dam''' is the third dam in the series of Chambal Valley Projects on the [[Chambal River]], located 29&nbsp;km upstream of [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota city]] and 26&nbsp;km downstream of [[Rana Pratap Sagar dam]]. It is a concrete gravity dam, 45 meters high and 393 meters long, generating 60 MW of power with an installed capacity of 3 units of 33 MW. Its construction was completed in 1972. The dam's gross storage capacity is 67.07 million cubic meters (2.37 tmcft). The total catchment area of the dam is 27,195&nbsp;km2, of which only 1,496&nbsp;km2 are in Rajasthan. The free catchment area below Rana Pratap Sagar dam is 2,331&nbsp;km2.<ref>[[Chambal River]]</ref>{{Circular reference|date=May 2018}}
The dam is located after the [[Gandhi Sagar Dam]] and Rana Pratap Sagar Dam, but before the [[Kota Barrage]].

==Geography==
The Chambal River (known in ancient times as the Chamranyavati River) raises in the [[Vindhya Range]] at an elevation of {{Convert|853|m|ft}}, {{Convert|15|km}} west-southwest of the town of [[Mhow]], near [[Indore]]. It flows north-northeast through [[Madhya Pradesh]], runs for a time through [[Rajasthan]], then forms the boundary between Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh before turning southeast to join the [[Yamuna River]] in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. Its total length from its source to its [[confluence]] with the Yamuna River is {{Convert|900|km}}.<ref name=hy>{{cite book |title=Hydrology and water resources of India- Volume 57 of Water science and technology library – Tributaries of Yamuna river|last=Jain |first=Sharad K.|author2=Pushpendra K. Agarwal |author3=Vijay P. Singh |year=2007|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4020-5179-1|pages=350–351|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKs1gBhJSWIC&dq=Yamuna+River&pg=RA1-PA345 }}</ref>

The Chambal and its tributaries drain the [[Malwa]] region of northwestern Madhya Pradesh, while its tributary, the [[Banas River|Banas]], which rises in the [[Aravalli Range]], drains southeastern [[Rajasthan]]. At its confluence with the Yamuna, the Chambal joins four other rivers – the Yamuna, [[Kuwari river|Kwari]], [[Kali Sindh River|Sind]], and [[Pahuj River|Pahuj]] – at [[Pachnada]] near [[Bhareh]] in Uttar Pradesh, at the border of the [[Bhind District|Bhind]] and [[Etawah District|Etawah]] districts.<ref name=Chambal>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/104847/Chambal-River#ref=ref172222|title= Chambal River (in Chambal River (river, India)) |access-date=10 May 2011|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref><ref name=River>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/104850/Chambal-Valley|title= Chambal Valley|access-date=10 May 2011|encyclopedia= Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> The river is drained by a rain-fed catchment area with an average annual rainfall of {{Convert|860|mm}}, a temperature range of between {{Convert|2|C}} and {{Convert|40|C}}, and a relative [[humidity]] ranging from 30% to 90%.<ref name=hy/>

Between {{Convert|344|km}} and {{Convert|440|km}} from the Chambal's source is an area of deep [[Canyon|gorges]]; the Gandhi Sagar Dam is located in the middle reach of this gorge section. The dam is situated at a distance of {{Convert|168|km}} from the district administrative headquarters of [[Mandsaur]].<ref name=Gandhi>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mandsaur.nic.in/tour.htm|title=Gandhisagar Dam|access-date=11 May 2011|publisher=National Informatics Center Mandsur|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203173238/http://mandsaur.nic.in/tour.htm|archive-date=3 February 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Construction History==
[[File:Gandhi Sagar Mandsaur1.JPG|right|thumb|The power station on the right bank of the Gandhi Sagar dam and the downstream bridge across the Chambal River.]]
The [[Chambal River|Chambal River Valley Development]] marked one of the landmark actions of the [[Five-Year plans of India|First Five-Year Plan]] launched by the [[Government of India]] in 1951, after [[History of the Republic of India|India attained independence in August 1947]]. The Chambal River had not until then been used for any major developmental works, and was proposed to be developed under a joint initiative of the state governments of Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. The three-stage proposal, drawn up in 1953, called for three dams to provide hydroelectric power generation, and a downstream barrage to use stored waters released from the upstream dams for [[irrigation]].<ref name=reduce>{{Cite web|url=http://agropedialabs.iitk.ac.in/gangapedia/sites/default/files/THE%20BIG%20IRRIGATION%20PROJECTS_The%20strong%20case%20for%20reducing%20the%20FRL%20of%20the%20Chambal%20Dam.pdf|title=The strong case for reducing the FRL of the Chambal Dam|access-date=11 May 2011|publisher=AgropediaLabs.iitk.ac.in}}{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The river's drop of {{Convert|625|m}} between its source in Mhow and the city of Kota, which marks the exit of the river from its gorge section into the plains of Rajasthan, was seen as having great hydroelectric potential.<ref name=Valley>{{Cite web|url=http://kotadivision.nic.in/commandareadevlopment.htm|title= Command Area Development Chambal, Kota|access-date=10 May 2011|publisher=Kota Division National Informatics Centre |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505022511/http://kotadivision.nic.in/commandareadevlopment.htm |archive-date=5 May 2017}}</ref><ref name=Dams>{{Cite web|url=http://waterresources.rajasthan.gov.in/4chambal.htm|title=Chambal Valley Project|access-date=10 May 2011|publisher=Government of Rajasthan|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304085442/http://waterresources.rajasthan.gov.in/4chambal.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Stage I===
The first stage of the development involved construction of the Gandhi Sagar Dam to a height of a {{Convert|62.17|m}} as a storage dam to store 7,322,000,000 cubic metres in Madhya Pradesh and use the stored water for hydroelectric power generation, followed by irrigation from the Kota Barrage in Rajasthan, {{Convert|104|km|mi}} downstream of the dam. Power generation at Gandhi Sagar Dam was through a powerhouse at the toe of the dam, with a total installed capacity of 115 MW (divided into five units of 23 MW).<ref name=energy>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cercind.gov.in/annexure.pdf|title=Consultancy for formulating operational cost norms including O&M and escalation for Hydro Power for the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission.|work=Gandhi Sagar: Annexure 3, sr.no. 36|access-date=11 May 2011|publisher=Central Electricity Regulatory Commission|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309053001/http://www.cercind.gov.in/annexure.pdf|archive-date=9 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Kota Barrage, an earth and masonry structure {{Convert|37.34|m}} in height, was built to provide irrigation through a canal system, with two main canals on the right and left banks. Construction of both projects began in 1953–54; both began functioning in 1960. The water received at the Kota Barrage is shared equally between Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan for irrigation.<ref name=Valley/><ref name=Dams/>

===Stage II===
The second stage of development involved the use of the water released from the Gandhi Sagar Dam through another dam structure, the [[Rana Pratap Sagar Dam]], located {{Convert|48|km|mi}} downstream of the Gandhi Sagar at [[Rawatbhata]] in the [[Chittorgarh District]] of Rajasthan. Additional storage at this dam provides an increase in irrigation benefits from the Kota Barrage, increasing its area of irrigation from {{Convert|445000|ha}} to {{Convert|567000|ha}}. In addition, a powerhouse at the toe of the dam provides an additional hydroelectric power generation capacity of 172 MW from four turbo generators, of 43 MW capacity each. The second stage was completed in 1970. The power generated at the Rana Pratap Sagar Dam is shared equally with Madhya Pradesh, as the Gandhi Sagar Dam provides the stored waters for use at this dam.<ref name=Valley/><ref name=Dams/>

===Stage III===
The third and final stage of development envisaged an intermediate dam between the Rana Pratap Sagar Dam and the Kota Barrage, called the Jawahar Sagar Dam. This dam is a concrete gravity dam, {{Convert|45|m}} high, located approximately {{Convert|23|km}} upstream of Kota Barrage to its southwest, and provides a hydroelectric power generation capacity of 99 MW, with three generator units of 33 MW capacity each. This project was commissioned in 1972.<ref name=Valley/><ref name=Dams/>

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Water|Renewable energy}}
* [[Jawahar Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080318151048/http://www.rajirrigation.gov.in/4chambal.htm Chambal Valley Project]

{{Hydrography of Rajasthan}}
{{Power Plants of Rajasthan}}
{{Chambal River dams}}

[[Category:Hydroelectric power stations in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Dams in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Chambal River]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Kota, Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Dams completed in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]

Jawahar Sagar Dam - Revision history

CleanupBot at 18:03, 21 March 2026