>Citation bot at 21:15, 1 July 2021

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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Jeseri
| altname = Dweep Bhasha
| nativename = ജസരി
| acceptance =
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| region = [[Lakshadweep]] with most people speaking Iravaady Malayalam
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| speakers = 65,000
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| familycolor = Dravidian
| fam2 = [[Southern Dravidian languages|Southern]]
| fam3 = [[Tamil–Kannada languages|Tamil–Kannada]]
| fam4 = [[Tamil–Kodagu languages|Tamil–Kodagu]]
| fam5 = [[Tamil–Malayalam languages|Tamil–Malayalam]]
| fam6 = [[Malayalam languages|Malayalam Languages]]
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| script = [[Malayalam script]]
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}}
{{Malayalam transliteration}}

'''Jeseri''' (also known as '''Jesri''' or '''Dweep Bhasha''') is a [[dialect]] of [[Malayalam]],<ref>{{cite book|title=Lakshadweep Pradesikabhasha Nighandu (Translation: Lakshadweep Regional Language Dictionary), Editor: Dr. Koyammakoya M.|isbn=978-81-922822-9-9|last1=Kōyammakkōya|first1=Eṃ|year=2012}}</ref> spoken in the Union Territory of [[Lakshadweep]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Sura's Year Book 2006|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fz2WDD8sB0MC&q=jeseri%2C+lakshadweep&pg=PA250|year=2006|isbn=978-81-7254-124-8|page=250}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=India, a reference annual|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GHpDAAAAYAAJ&q=jeseri,+lakshadweep|year=2004|publisher=[[Government of India]]|isbn=978-81-230-1156-1|page=851}}</ref> <br>The word 'Jeseri' derives from [[Arabic]] word Jazari (جزري) which means 'Islander' or 'of island'.
It is spoken on the islands of [[Chetlat]], [[Bitra]], [[Kiltan]], [[Kadmat Island|Kadmat]], [[Amini Island|Amini]], [[Kavaratti]], [[Androth]], [[Agatti]], and [[Kalpeni]], in the archipelago of [[Lakshadweep]]. Each of these islands has its own dialect. The dialects are similar to [[Arabi Malayalam]], a traditional dialect spoken by the [[Mappila]] community of [[Malabar Coast]].<ref name="Subramoniam">Subramoniam, V. I. (1997). ''Dravidian Encyclopaedia''. Vol. 3, Language and literature. Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala): International School of Dravidian Linguistics. pp. 508-09. [http://worldcat.org/isbn/818569222X]</ref>

==Phonology==
The phonology is similar to the Mainland dialect of [[Malayalam]], but with certain notable differences.

The initial short vowels, especially 'u', may fall away. For example: rangi (Mal. urangi) - slept, lakka (Mal. ulakka) - pestle.

As for the consonants, the following differences are notable:

# Initial ch in Mainland Malayalam, becomes sh: sholli (Mal.(old) cholli) - said.
# Initial p in Mainland Malayalam, becomes f: fenn (Mal. pennu) - girl.
# Initial v in Mainland Malayalam, becomes b: bili (Mal. vili) - call.
# The zh sound in Mainland Malayalam, becomes retroflex l (mostly), or y: mala (Mal. mazha) - rain, bayi (Mal. vazhi) - way.

==Grammar==

The grammar shows similarities to Mainland [[Malayalam]].

=== Nouns ===
====Case endings====
The case endings for nouns and pronouns are generally as follows:

* Nominative: nil;
* Accusative: a, na
* Genitive: aa, naa, thaa;
* Dative: kk, n, oon;
* Communicative: oda, aa kooda, naa kooda;
* Instrumental: aa kond, naa kond;
* Locative: nd, naa ul, l (only in traces);
* Ablative: nd;
* Vocative: e, aa;

====Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="3" |
! singular
! plural
|-
! rowspan="2" | 1st person
! colspan="2" | exclusive
| rowspan="2" | naan
| nanga
|-
! colspan="2" | inclusive
| nom, namma, laaba
|-
! colspan="3" | 2nd person
| née
| ninga
|-
! rowspan="6" | 3rd person
! rowspan="3" | proximate
! masculine
| ben
| rowspan="3" | aba
|-
! feminine
| bel
|-
! neuter
| idh
|-
! rowspan="3" | remote
! masculine
| on
| rowspan="3" | iba
|-
! feminine
| ol
|-
! neuter
| adh
|}
* thaan: self;

=== Verbs ===

The conjugations of verbs are similar to Mainland [[Malayalam]].

The verb 'kaanu' - meaning 'see', the same as in Mainland [[Malayalam]], is illustrated here.

There are three simple tenses.

# Present: suffix added is nna (mostly nda); so kaanunna/kaanunda - sees, is seeing.
# Past: the stem of the verb may change as in Mainland Malayalam. For 'kaanu', past is kanda - saw.
# Future: the suffix added is 'um'. So, kaanum - will see.

The negatives of these tenses show some differences:

# For present tense, the negative is formed by adding vela (ppela for some verbs) to the stem. Not only that, a present negative may also function as a future negative. So, kaanuvela - is not seeing, does not see, will not see.
# For past tense, the negative is formed by suffixing ela to the past stem. So, kandela - did not see, has not seen.
# For the future tense, the old Malayalam poetic suffix 'aa' may be used (kaanaa).

The interrogative forms are made by suffixing 'aa' with some changes effected.
So, kaanundyaa (does/do ... see?) for kaanunda (sees), kandyaa (did ... see?) for kanda (saw), and kaanumaa/kaanunaa/kaanungaa (will ... see?) for kaanum (will see).

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Dravidian languages}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jasri Language}}
[[Category:Languages of India]]
[[Category:Dravidian languages]]
[[Category:Lakshadweep]]
[[Category:Arabi Malayalam]]

Jeseri - Revision history

>Citation bot at 21:15, 1 July 2021