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{{Short description|City in Rajasthan, India}}
{{About|the municipality in Rajasthan, India|its namesake district|Jhalawar district}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jhalawar
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India#Asia
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.59|N|76.16|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jhalawar district|Jhalawar]]
| subdivision_type3 = Division
| subdivision_name3 = [[Kota Division]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Municipal Council
| governing_body = Nagar Parishad
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 115
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 312
| population_total = 66,919
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =<ref name="Census2011Gov"/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 326xxx
| registration_plate = RJ-17
| footnotes =
}}
'''Jhalawar''' ({{IPA-hns|dʒʱaːlaːʋaːɽ||Jhalawar Pronunciation.ogg|pronunciation|help=no}}) is a city in the Indian state of [[Rajasthan]]. It is located in the southeastern location of the state. It was the capital of the former [[princely state]] of Jhalawar, and is the administrative headquarters of [[Jhalawar District]]. Jhalawar was once known as Brijnagar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jhalawar.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/jhalawar/en/about-jhalawar/history.html#|title=History|last=Jhalawar-Rajasthan|website=jhalawar.rajasthan.gov.in|language=en|access-date=16 September 2017}}</ref>

==History==

The city of Jhalawar was founded by a [[Rajput]] Jhala Zalim Singh,<ref>{{cite web|last=Shastri|first=R.P.|title=Jhala Zalim Singh (1730-1823)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xKkBAAAAMAAJ|work=Jhala Zalim Singh (1730-1823), the de facto ruler of Kota: who also dominated Bundi & Udaipur - Shrewd Politician, Administrator and Reformer|publisher=Printed at Raj Printing Works, 1971|year=1971}}</ref> who was then the [[Dewan Bahadur|Dewan]] of [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota State]] (1791 A.D.). He established this township, then known as Chaoni Umedpura, as a cantonment. The township was at the time surrounded by dense forests and wildlife.

Jhala Zalim Singh often came here for hunting and he liked the place so much that he wanted to develop it as a township. The objective to develop this place as a military cantonment was due to the fact that Maratha invaders passed through this central place from Malwa towards Kota to capture [[Hadoti]] states.

Jhala Zalim Singh recognised the importance of this place and started to develop it as a military cantonment and township, so that he could use this place to attack and stop [[Maratha]] invaders before they could reach Kota state. Chaoni Umedpura was developed as a cantonment and township around 1803-04 A.D. Colonel Todd, who visited the region in December 1821 described this area as the cantonment established by Jhala Zalim Singh plus a well-established township with large houses, havelis and surrounding walls.

In 1838 A.D., English rulers separated Jhalawar state from Kota state and gave it to Jhala Madan Singh, the grandson of Jhala Zalim Singh. He developed his administration services to develop the state of Jhalawar. He resided in Jhalara Patan for a long time and started to build the Garh Palace (1840 - 1845 A.D). He was the first ruler of Jhalawar state and made a significant contribution in the history of Jhalawar. Jhala Madan Singh ruled Jhalawar from 1838 to 1845. After his death, Jhala Prithvi Singh became the ruler of Jhalawar and ruled for around 30 years.

Rana Bhawani Singh Ji, who ruled Jhalawar state from 1899 to 1929 A.D., did remarkable work in the development of Jhalawar state. His active involvement was in the fields of social activities, public works (construction), education and administration.

The chief town of Jhalawar, also known as Patan or Jhalara Patan, was the centre of trade for the eponymous [[princely state]], the chief exports of which were opium, oil-seeds and cotton. The palace is four miles (6 km) north of the town. An extensive ruin near the town is the site of the ancient city of [[Chandrawati]], said to have been destroyed in the reign of [[Aurangzeb]]. The finest feature of its remains is the temple of Sitaleswar Mahadeva (c. 600).

==Princely State of Jhalawar==
{{Main|Jhalawar State}}
{{See also|Hadoti}}
[[File:1561-The governor of Gagraun fort surrenders the keys to Akbar.jpg|thumb|1561 - The governor of Gagraun fort surrenders the keys to Akbar.]]
The former ruling family of Jhalawar belonged to the [[Jhala]] family of [[Rajput]]s. At [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]] Madhu Singh, a Jhala Rajput became a favourite with the Maharaja, and received from him an important post, which became hereditary. On the death of one of the Kota rajas (1771), the state was left to the charge of Jhala Zalim Singh, a descendant of Madhu Singh.

From that time Zalim Singh was the de facto ruler of Kota. Under his administration, which lasted over forty-five years, the Kota territory was respected by all parties. In 1838 AD, British intervention and internal politics resulted with the decision to dismember the Kota state, and to create the new principality of Jhalawar as a separate provision for the descendants of Jhala Zalim Singh. The districts then severed from Kota were considered to represent one-third (120,000) of the income of Kotah; by treaty they acknowledged the supremacy of the [[British India|British]], and agreed to pay an annual tribute of Rs. 8000/-. Madan Singh received the title of Maharaja Rana, and was placed on the same footing as the other chiefs in [[Rajputana]].

==Geography==
Jhalawar is located at {{Coord|24.6|N|76.15|E|}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/24/Jhalawar.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Jhalawar, India|website=fallingrain.com}}</ref> It has an average elevation of 312 metres (1023 feet).

==Climate==
The climate of the area is identical to the Indo-Gangetic plain. In summer the temperature generally is around {{convert|40|C|F}} and at maximum can exceed {{convert|45|C|F}}. In winter the coldest temperature can reach {{convert|1|C|F}}. Jhalawar district has the highest rainfall in the Rajasthan state. An average of {{convert|35|in|mm}} of rainfall keeps it cool and gentle breezes ward off the stifling humidity. Jhalawar district receive the maximum annual rain(95 cm)in Rajasthan.<ref>http://waterresources.rajasthan.gov.in/1rainfall.htm</ref>

{{Weather box
| width = auto
| location = Jhalawar (1981–2010, extremes 1929–2012)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 33.7
| Feb record high C = 38.6
| Mar record high C = 43.6
| Apr record high C = 46.4
| May record high C = 49.3
| Jun record high C = 47.6
| Jul record high C = 44.4
| Aug record high C = 40.2
| Sep record high C = 39.4
| Oct record high C = 40.0
| Nov record high C = 38.0
| Dec record high C = 33.6
|year record high C = 49.3
| Jan high C = 22.9
| Feb high C = 27.0
| Mar high C = 32.8
| Apr high C = 38.9
| May high C = 42.5
| Jun high C = 39.4
| Jul high C = 32.7
| Aug high C = 30.4
| Sep high C = 32.0
| Oct high C = 33.1
| Nov high C = 29.1
| Dec high C = 24.2
| year high C = 32.1
| Jan low C = 9.2
| Feb low C = 11.9
| Mar low C = 17.3
| Apr low C = 22.2
| May low C = 27.1
| Jun low C = 27.1
| Jul low C = 24.9
| Aug low C = 23.8
| Sep low C = 23.0
| Oct low C = 18.8
| Nov low C = 14.2
| Dec low C = 9.8
| year low C = 19.1
| Jan record low C = -0.6
| Feb record low C = 1.7
| Mar record low C = 5.0
| Apr record low C = 12.6
| May record low C = 18.4
| Jun record low C = 17.5
| Jul record low C = 18.6
| Aug record low C = 17.0
| Sep record low C = 14.2
| Oct record low C = 10.0
| Nov record low C = 5.4
| Dec record low C = 1.2
|year record low C = -0.6
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 2.8
| Feb rain mm = 1.4
| Mar rain mm = 1.3
| Apr rain mm = 0.8
| May rain mm = 7.4
| Jun rain mm = 93.6
| Jul rain mm = 316.0
| Aug rain mm = 353.4
| Sep rain mm = 127.3
| Oct rain mm = 25.7
| Nov rain mm = 9.4
| Dec rain mm = 2.2
| year rain mm = 941.3
| Jan rain days = 0.3
| Feb rain days = 0.2
| Mar rain days = 0.2
| Apr rain days = 0.1
| May rain days = 0.6
| Jun rain days = 4.5
| Jul rain days = 10.1
| Aug rain days = 11.7
| Sep rain days = 6.0
| Oct rain days = 1.1
| Nov rain days = 0.7
| Dec rain days = 0.3
| year rain days = 35.8
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 41
| Feb humidity = 33
| Mar humidity = 24
| Apr humidity = 21
| May humidity = 22
| Jun humidity = 39
| Jul humidity = 63
| Aug humidity = 75
| Sep humidity = 61
| Oct humidity = 42
| Nov humidity = 38
| Dec humidity = 42
| year humidity = 43
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Jhalawar Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 365–366
| access-date = 20 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M182
| access-date = 20 January 2021}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
As of [[2011 Indian Census]], Jhalawar had a total population of 66,919, of which 34,765 were males and 32,154 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 8,919. The total number of literates in Jhalawar was 48,145, which constituted 71.95% of the population with male literacy was 77.9% and female literacy was 65.5%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Bahraich was 83.0%, of which male literacy rate was 90.1% and female literacy rate was 75.4%. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] population was 11,422 and 3,534 respectively. Jhalawar had 13595 households in 2011.<ref name="Census2011Gov">{{cite web |title=Census of India: Jhalawar |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=119176 |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=22 December 2019}}</ref>

== Education ==
Jhalawar district has a well-developed education infrastructure.<ref>{{cite web|last=District of Rajasthan |first=Jhalawar |title=Jhalawar District Education |url=http://jhalawar.nic.in/jhalawar.htm |access-date=24 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304213800/http://jhalawar.nic.in/jhalawar.htm |archive-date= 4 March 2012 }}</ref> The Department of Primary Education and Department of Secondary Education provide their services through primary schools, middle schools, secondary, and senior secondary schools. The Rajiv Gandhi Pathashala (School) Scheme, run by the [[Government of Rajasthan]], is also running in the district to provide primary education. [[Government Engineering College, Jhalawar]] is a notable institution.

== Places to see ==
*[[Gagron Fort]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tourism.rajasthan.gov.in/jhalawar|title=Jhalawar Tourism: Tourist Places in Jhalawar - Rajasthan Tourism|website=tourism.rajasthan.gov.in|language=en-IN|access-date=16 September 2017}}</ref>
*Bhim Sagar Dam<ref>{{Cite web|last=City|first=Jhalawar|year=2020|title=Bhimsagar Dam - JhalawarCity|url=https://jhalawarcity.com/bhimsagar-dam/|website=jhalawarcity.com|publisher=JhalawarCity}}</ref>
*Chandrabhaga temple<ref>{{cite web|title=ChandraBhaga Temple-JhalawarCity {{!}} Jhalarapatan|url=https://jhalawarcity.com/chandrabhaga-temples/|website=jhalawarcity.com}}</ref>
*[[Kalisindh Dam]]
*Gagron Dargah<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jhalawar.biz/68|title=Jhalawar.biz - Gagron Dargah - मिट्ठे महावली सरकार Jhalawar|website=jhalawar.biz}}</ref>
*[[Kalisindh Thermal Power Station]]
*
*[[Kolvi Caves]]

==Temples ==
[[File:Shwetamambar_jain_temple_jhalrapatan.jpg|thumb|Shantinath Jain Temple]]
*'''[[Jhalrapatan#Temples|Sun temple, Jhalrapatan]]''' : The 11th/12th-century Sun temple of Jhalprapatan is situated in the centre of the town. The temple is intact and divided into a sanctum, vestibule, prayer hall, and entrance. The most significant part of the temple is its big spire. The temple is adorned with several sculptures of gods and goddesses, and floral designs both from inside and outside of the pillars of the prayer hall are carved and decorated with sculptures. The temple has entrances on three sides, and every entrance has a ''toran'' over it. The sanctum is plain and simple. The outer walls of the sanctum display the icons of Dikpalas Surya, sur-sundris. Ganesh and other miniature scenes are related to the life of the people. At present, the image of the god Padmnabh of the 19th century is under worship and kept in the sanctum. Sometime in the 19th century the roof of the prayer hall was repaired and a few cenotaphs were constructed in the Rajput architectural style. The images of saints and monkeys were also installed on the roof.
*Chandkheri Jain Temple, Khanpur: Chandkheri is a 17th Century Jain Temple constructed by Bhattaraka Jagatkeertiji. The temple is known for its architecture. This temple is dedicated to Adinatha (Rishabhanatha) and the ''moolnayak'' of the temple is a 6.25 feet idol of Adinatha in ''padmasan'' posture made up of red stone. The idol said to be more than 1500 years old.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jainteerth.com/rajasthan-jain-teerth/shri-adinath-dig-jain-atishaya-kshetra-chandkheri/|title=Shri Adinath Dig. Jain Atishaya Kshetra Chandkheri - JainTeerth.com}}</ref> It is said that there is an idol of Bhagwan Chandra Prabhu made of jewels, but it is closed by a wall now.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chandkheri jain temple |url=http://jaincyclopedia.org/chandkheri-2/ |website=Jain Encyclopedia |access-date=23 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502042336/http://jaincyclopedia.org/chandkheri-2/ |archive-date=2 May 2017}}</ref> The temple also has a Dharamshala equipped with all modern facilities along with a ''bhojanalya''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tourism in Jhalawar, Best Places in Jhalawar |url=http://www.tourismguideindia.com/jhalawar.htm |website=TourismGuideIndia.com |access-date=23 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629131448/http://www.tourismguideindia.com/jhalawar.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 June 2018}}</ref>
*'''[[Jhalrapatan#Temples|Shri 1008 Shantinath Digambar Jain temple, Jhalrapatan]]''': Shantinath Jain Temple was built in the 11th century. The temple has fine carvings and sculptures.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tourist Places |url=http://jhalawar.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/jhalawar/en/about-jhalawar/tourist-places.html |website=jhalawar.rajasthan.gov.in |access-date=23 February 2019 |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Jhalawar Tourism: Tourist Places in Jhalawar |url=http://tourism.rajasthan.gov.in/jhalawar |website=tourism.rajasthan.gov.in |access-date=23 February 2019 |language=en-IN}}</ref> Jain Temple is decorated with two white elephants at the entry point of the main temple.

== Transport ==
{{mapframe|frame=yes|type=point|zoom=SWITCH:4,6,10|switch=zoomed out, zoomed mid, zoomed in}}

=== Air===

The nearest airport with scheduled commercial flight is [[Kota Airport|Kota]]. Kota airport operates a single flight to Jaipur and New Delhi six days a week (not on Sundays). It is 82 km from the town of Jhalawar.

The alternate airport with scheduled commercial flights is [[Raja Bhoj Airport]] at Bhopal and [[Devi Ahilya Bai Holkar Airport]] at Indore in Madhya Pradesh. [[Kolana Airport]] is located near Jhalawar. It is used by chartered aircraft.

===Rail===

Jhalawar has a newly constructed [[Jhalawar City railway station|railway station]]. The railway station is {{cvt|2|km|spell=in}} from Jhalawar. Currently, there are three trains to [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]] on a daily basis with convenient timings. Also on Sunday, Wednesday, Thursday a train to [[Jaipur]] and [[Sri Ganganagar|Ganganagar]] also runs<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/kota-jhalawar-city-passenger-59838/21989/891/10162|title=Kota - Jhalawar City Passenger (UnReserved)/59838 Time Table/Schedule: Kota to Jhalawar WCR/West Central Zone - Railway Enquiry|website=indiarailinfo.com|access-date=17 November 2018}}</ref>

===Road ===
Jhalawar town lies on [[National Highway 52 (India)|National Highway No. 52]]. Many government buses go through the district and outside. Private buses are also available for intrastate and interstate travel.

== Thermal power station ==
[[Kalisindh Thermal Power Station]] is {{convert|12|km|mi|0}} from Jhalawar town. The power plant is operated by [[Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://steelguru.com/steel/First%20unit%20of%20coal%20based%20Kalisindh%20thermal%20power%20plant%20has%20commenced%20generation%0D%0A/335431?type=steel|title=First unit of coal based Kalisindh thermal power plant has commenced generation|last=admin@steelguru.com|website=SteelGuru India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/kalisindh-thermal-power-plant-starts-power-generation-114032200454_1.html|title=Kalisindh thermal power plant starts power generation|agency=Press Trust of India|date=22 March 2014|via=Business Standard|newspaper=Business Standard India}}</ref> Its chimney is {{convert|275|m|ft}} high. The two [[cooling tower]]s of the facility are {{convert|202|m|ft}}, the tallest in the world. The EPC contractor for the project is [[BGR Energy Systems Ltd]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rvunl.com/Kalisindh+Thermal+Power+Project.php|title=Rvunl.com Is For Sale|website=rvunl.com}}</ref>

==Notable people==
*[[Om Puri]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tiwari |first1=Shailendra |title=https://www.patrika.com/jhalawar-news/om-puri-died-mourning-in-jhalawar-om-puri-was-son-in-low-of-jhalawar-2438120/ |url=https://www.patrika.com/jhalawar-news/om-puri-died-mourning-in-jhalawar-om-puri-was-son-in-low-of-jhalawar-2438120/ |access-date=8 March 2021 |work=Patrika |date=6 January 2017}}</ref>
*[[Vasundhara Raje]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Jhalawar|volume=15|page=412}}
* [https://jhalawarcity.com/bhimsagar-dam/ Bhim Sagar Dam]
* [http://jhalawar.biz jhalawar.biz classified website]
* [http://www.jhalawar.rajasthan.gov.in Jhalawar District website]

{{Jhalawar district}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Jhalawar| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Jhalawar district]]
[[Category:Cities in Malwa]]

Jhalawar - Revision history

>Ssbbplayer at 23:11, 22 May 2021