->Dominus Moravian at 21:19, 1 August 2021

2021-08-01T21:19:33Z

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{{Short description|Princely state in India}}
{{See also|Hadoti}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|conventional_long_name =Jhalawar State
|common_name =Jhalawar
|nation = [[British India]]
|subdivision = [[Princely State]]
|era =
|year_start = 1838
|date_start =
|event_start=
|year_end = 1949
|date_end =
|event_end= [[Partition of India|Indian independence]]
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|p1 =
|s1 = India
|flag_p1 =
|flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
|image_flag = Flag of Jhalawar.svg
|image_coat = Jhalawar State CoA.png
|image_map = Jhalawar-Tonk map.jpg
|image_map_caption = Jhalawar State in ''[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]]''
|stat_area1 =2106
|stat_year1 = 1901
|stat_pop1 = 90,175
|today = [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]
|footnotes =
}}
'''Jhalawar State''' was a [[princely state]] in India during the [[British Raj]]. It was located in the [[Hadoti]] region. The main town in the state was [[Jhalawar]].

The state belonged to the Kotah-Jhalawar Agency which had headquarters at [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]] and was a subdivision of the [[Rajputana Agency]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jhalawar.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/jhalawar/en/about-jhalawar/history.html|title=History|last=Jhalawar-Rajasthan|website=jhalawar.rajasthan.gov.in|language=en-us|access-date=2019-08-17}}</ref>

==History==
In 1771, a subsequent Raja of Kota died, leaving an infant as his heir, and the regency was settled upon Zalim Singh, a descendant of Madhu Singh. From that time, Zalim Singh became effectively the real ruler of Kota. He did not surrender power even when his young charge came of age, and continued to rule the state, effortlessly dominating the raja of Kota and reducing him to the status of a virtual non-entity. Unfortunate as this circumstance was, it is also true that Zalim Singh was an outstanding administrator and an astute negotiator. Under his administration, which lasted for over forty-five years, the state attained an acme of prosperity and was well-regarded by all its neighbours. It was also during these years that Kota entered into treaty relations with the British; Zalim Singh established excellent personal relations with the British. In the Holkar state, the revenues from areas that yielded 74 lakhs in 1750s yielded just 6 lakhs under Holkar Darbar nobles while three districts under Ijardari of Zalim Singh yielded 13 lakhs revenues that literally fed the Holkar royal family keeping it out of penury. Kotah state under previous rulers yielded less than 15 lakhs in revenues yielded 55 lakhs under Zalim Singh Kotah (Todd, Annals and Antiquities of Rajpootana).

The flip side of these achievements was that Zalim Singh himself attained a status of respectability exceeding that of his nominal overlord, the young Raja of Kota, and enjoyed leverage with the British that the Raja of Kota did not. It is due above all to this influence with the British that it was resolved in 1838, with the grudging consent of the chief of Kota, to dismember the state and create a new principality, which would be ruled by the descendants of Zalim Singh. Whereas for many decades, the family of Zalim Singh had held large estates in fief of the state of Kota, and held important positions at court, they were now to be invested with royalty and become the rulers of their own state. The state of Jhalawar was created in this manner, and it received its name in honour of the fact that Zalim Singh belonged to the [[Jhala]] clan of [[Chandravanshi]]. The districts thus severed from Kotah represented one-third (£120,000) of the income of Kotah; by treaty, the new royal family acknowledged the [[suzerainty]] of the [[British India|British]] and agreed to pay an annual tribute of £8000. Madan Singh, heir of Zalim Singh, received the title of Maharaja Rana, and was placed on the same footing as the other chiefs in [[Rajputana]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2019}}

[[Maharaja]] Madan Singh, first ruler of independent Jhalawar, died in 1845. An adopted son of his successor took the name of Zalim Singh in 1875 on becoming chief of Jhalawar. He was a minor and was not invested with governing powers till 1884. Owing to his maladministration, his relations with the British government became strained, and he was finally deposed in 1896, "on account of persistent misgovernment and proved unfitness for the powers of a ruling chief." He went to live at [[Varanasi]], on a pension of £2,000 and the administration was placed in the hands of the British resident.{{Citation needed|date=August 2019}}

After much consideration, the British resolved in 1897 to break up the state, restoring the greater part to [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]], but forming the two districts of Shahabad and the Chaumahla into a new state of area {{convert|810|sqmi|km2}}, which came into existence in 1899, and of which Kunwar Bhawani Singh, a descendant of the original Zalim Singh, was appointed chief. The population of the state was 90,175 in 1901, with an estimated revenue of £26,000 and a tribute of £2000.{{Citation needed|date=August 2019}}

==Rulers==
The rulers were entitled to a 17 [[gun salute]] by the British authorities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_A-J.html|title=Indian Princely States before 1947 A-J|website=www.worldstatesmen.org|access-date=2019-08-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rajras.in/index.php/rulers-of-jhalawar/|title=Rulers of Jhalawar|date=2017-08-16|website=RajRAS - Rajasthan RAS|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-17}}</ref>

{|
|  8 Apr 1838 – 1845 || Madan Singh || (b. 1808 – d. 1845)
|-
|&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;1845 – 29 Aug 1875 || Prithvi Singh || (b. 1830 – d. 1875)
|-
|29 Aug 1875 – 2 Mar 1896 || Zalim Singh || (b. 1865 – d. 1912)
|-
|29 Aug 1875 – 21 Feb 1884   || ''Regent''
|-
|  2 Mar 1896 – 1 Jan 1899 || ''interregnum''
|-
|  1 Jan 1899 – 13 Apr 1929 || Bhawani Singh || (b. 1874 – d. 1929) (from 26 Jun 1908, Sir Bhawani Singh)
|-
|13 Apr 1929 - 2 Sep 1943 || Rajendra Singh || (b. 1900 – d. 1943) (from 9 Jun 1938, Sir Rajendra Singh)
|-
|  2 Sep 1943 – 15 Aug 1947 || Harisch Chandra Singh || (b. 1921 – d. 1967)
|}

==See also==
*[[Political integration of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category-inline}}
{{Princely states of India}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|24.59|N|76.16|E|region:IN_type:landmark_source:kolossus-svwiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Jhalawar district]]
[[Category:Princely states of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:1838 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1949 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Rajputs]]

Jhalawar State - Revision history

->Dominus Moravian at 21:19, 1 August 2021