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{{short description|Political party in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}
{{Missing information|the party's ideology|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian Political Party
| party_name = Jharkhand Mukti Morcha <br /> {{small|Jharkhand Liberation Front}}
| party_logo =
| colorcode = {{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
| founder = [[Binod Bihari Mahato]], [[Shibu Soren]], [[Arun Kumar Roy]]
|leader = [[Hemant Soren]]
|president = [[Shibu Soren]]
|secretary = [[Supriya Bhattacharya]]
|loksabha_leader = [[Vijay Kumar Hansda]]
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1972|11|15|df=yes}}
| headquarters = Bariatu Road, [[Ranchi]], [[Jharkhand]] – 834008
|youth = [[Jharkhand Yuva Morcha]]
|students = [[Jharkhand Chhatra Morcha]]
| eci = State Party<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/ElecSym19012013_eng.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=9 May 2013|location=India|year=2013}}</ref>
| alliance = [[United Progressive Alliance]]<br />(2013 — Present)
| ideology =
| position =
| loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|1|543|hex={{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}}}<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/jharkhand-lok-sabha-election-results-2019|title=Jharkhand Lok Sabha Election Results 2019|website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
| state_seats_name = [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]
| state_seats = {{Composition bar|30|81|hex={{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}}}
| publication =
| symbol = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Bow And Arrow.png|150px]]
| no_states = {{Composition bar|1|31|hex={{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}}}
| website = {{URL|https://jmmjharkhand.in}}
|rajyasabha_seats={{Composition bar|1|245|hex={{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}}}<ref name="auto"/>|women=Jharkhand Mahila Morcha|rajyasabha_leader=[[Shibu Soren]]|abbreviation=JMM|Colours=|colours={{colour box|{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}}} Green}}
'''Jharkhand Mukti Morcha''' ([[Literal translation|lit.]] ''Jharkhand Liberation Front''; {{small|abbr.}} '''JMM''') is a [[Political parties in Jharkhand|State political party]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Jharkhand]] which was founded by [[Binod Bihari Mahato]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/saffron-munda-loves-everything-green-bjp-cries-neglect-as-chief-minister-warms-up-to-old-jmm-associates/cid/823787|title=Saffron Munda loves everything green - BJP cries neglect as chief minister warms up to old JMM associates|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> It has one seat in the [[17th Lok Sabha]]. [[Shibu Soren]] is the president of the JMM. JMM is also an influential political party in the state of [[Odisha]] and parts of neighbouring of states. Its election symbol for Jharkhand is ''Bow and Arrow''.<ref>{{cite news |url =https://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/shiv-sena-finds-jharkhand-mukti-morcha-has-first-right-to-symbol/lite/|title =Shiv Sena finds Jharkhand Mukti Morcha has first right to symbol|publisher =The Indian Express|quote =Shivsena's bow-and-arrow symbol is the same as that of the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha.|location =New Delhi|date =September 28, 2015|website =indianexpress.com |author =Pradeep Kaushal|access-date =28 April 2020}}</ref>

The party was officially created on the birthday of [[Birsa Munda]], the 19th century [[tribal]] warrior of Jharkhand, who fought against the [[British Empire|British]] rule in present-day Jharkhand.<ref>P. 522 ''Lok Sabha debates'' by [[India]]. Parliament. House of the People, India. Parliament. Lok Sabha</ref> The State of Jharkhand also came into existence on Birsa Munda's birthday in 2000.<ref>P. 200 ''Basic Facts of General Knowledge'' By Sura College of Competition, V.V.K.Subburaj</ref>

== Formation ==
For almost six decades the movement for formation of [[Jharkhand]] from [[Bihar]] had been changing colour and strategy to gain a foothold. The [[Jharkhand Party]] grew politically stronger but the commissions examining the demands for a separate Jharkhand State rejected these demands every time. Despite the reports of these commissions deciding against them, the Jharkhand Party never lost sight of its ultimate target: a separate state of Jharkhand. Till 1962 Jharkhand Party won between 23–32 seats in the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]. Post 1962 the Jharkhand Party aligned with [[Indian National Congress]] and [[Jaipal Singh]] became a minister in Vinodanand Jha's government in [[Bihar]]. With this, the demand for the Tribal Homeland was put on hold for nearly a decade.

At the 4th General Election held in 1967 the party had a very poor showing with only eight Assembly seats. The party soon split into several splinter groups each claiming to be the genuine Jharkhand Party. These were – the Jharkhand Party led by N.E. Horo, the Jharkhand Party led by Naren, [[All India Jharkhand Party]] led by Bagun Sumroi, the [[Hul Jharkhand Party]] led by Justin Richard which further fragmented and came to be called the Bihar Progressive Hul Jharkhand Party and it was led by Shibu Soren.

[[Binod Bihari Mahato]] founded "Shivaji Samaj" in 1967. [[Santhal people|Santhal leader]] [[Shibu Soren]] founded the ‘Sonat Santhali Samaj’ in 1969. The Party was founded by Binod Bihari Mahato, the leader of ‘Shivajee Samaj’, [[Shibu Soren]] and Marxist Co ordination leader Comrade Dr. [[A. K. Roy]]. The party was officially created on the birthday of [[Birsa Munda]], the 19th century [[tribal]] warrior of Jharkhand, who fought against the British rule in present-day Jharkhand.<ref>P. 522 ''Lok Sabha debates'' by India. Parliament. House of the People, India. Parliament. Lok Sabha</ref>

On 4 February 1973 Binod Bihari Mahto became the President and Shibu Soren as General Secretary of the party. The prominent party leaders at that time were: Comrade [[A. K. Roy]] (Party Secretary-Society of Industrial and Coal Laborers), Martyr [[Nirmal Mahto]] (prominent Trade Union Movement leader) and [[Tek Lal Mahto]], among others.

== Early years ==

In its early years, the JMM under Soren's leadership brought industrial and mining workers who were mainly non-tribals belonging to the [[Dalit]] and Backward communities such as Surdis, [[Doms]], [[Paswan|Dusadh]] and [[Kudumi Mahato]] into its fold. However Soren's association with the late congress M.P. Gyanranjan brought him close to the then [[Prime Minister of India]], [[Indira Gandhi]] in [[New Delhi]]. He won the [[Dumka (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dumka Lok Sabha seat]] in 1972. Irked by Soren's association with the [[Indian National Congress]], a few of the younger members of the JMM banded together in [[Jamshedpur]] and set up the [[All Jharkhand Students Union]] (AJSU). This did not affect the growth of the JMM in the [[1991 Indian general election]] where the JMM won six seats.

[[Ram Dayal Munda]] reignited the movement for Jharkhand by unifying splinter groups among the tribals. Under his guidance the Jharkhand Coordination Committee was constituted in June 1987, comprising 48 organisations and group including the JMM factions. Due to [[Ram Dayal Munda]], [[Shibu Soren]], Suraj Mandal, [[Simon Marandi]], [[Shailendra Mahato]], and AJSU leaders like Surya Singh Besra and Prabhakar Tirkey briefly shared a political platform, but the JMM pulled out of JCC as it felt that 'the collective leadership was a farce'. The JMM/AJSU and JPP successfully orchestrated so-called [[bandh]]s, economic blockades in 1988–89 in the interim.

==Jharkhand Yuva Morcha==

{{see also|Jharkhand Chhatra Morcha|Jharkhand Yuva Morcha}}
Jharkhand Yuva Morcha (Jharkhand Youth Front), And Jharkhand Chhatra Morcha (Jharkhand Student Front) the youth and student wing of Jharkhand Mukti Morcha, was constituted at a conference in [[Ranchi]] 16 October 1991.

==List of Chief Ministers ==

{{main|List of chief ministers of Jharkhand}}
Following is the list of the Chief Ministers of Jharkhand from Jharkhand Mukti Morcha since the formation of the state on 9 November 2000:

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! rowspan ="2" style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | №
! rowspan ="2" style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | Chief Minister
! rowspan ="2" style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | Portrait
! colspan ="3" style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | Term in Office
! rowspan ="2" style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | Assembly
! rowspan ="2" style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | Constituency
|-
! style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | Start
! style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | End
! style="background-color:#215B30; color:white" | Tenure
|-
| rowspan="3" |1
| rowspan="3" |[[Shibu Soren]]
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Shibu Soren.jpg|100px]]
| {{dts|2 March 2005}}
| {{dts|12 March 2005}}
| rowspan ="3" |308 days
| rowspan="2" |2nd Assembly
| rowspan="3" |
|-
| {{dts|27 August 2008}}
| {{dts|19 January 2009}}
|-
| {{dts|30 December 2009}}
| {{dts|1 June 2010}}
| 3rd Assembly
|-
| rowspan="2" |2
| rowspan="2" |[[Hemant Soren]]
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Chief Minister of Jharkhand Shri Hemant Soren.jpg|100px]]
| {{dts|13 July 2013}}
| {{dts|28 December 2014}}
| 1 year, 168 days
| 3rd Assembly
| [[Dumka (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dumka]]
|-
| {{dts|29 December 2019}}
| '''''Incumbent'''''
| {{Age in years and days|2019|12|29}}
| 5th Assembly
| [[Barhait (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Barhait]]
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://twocircles.net/2009dec26/soren_stakes_claim_form_jharkhand_government.html Soren stakes claim to form Jharkhand government] – TCN News

{{Indian political parties}}

[[Category:Jharkhand Mukti Morcha| ]]
[[Category:Regionalist parties in India]]
[[Category:State political parties in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Political parties in India]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Bihar]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1972]]

Jharkhand Mukti Morcha - Revision history

UpdateBot at 05:20, 22 April 2022