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{{Short description|Family of Muhammad Ali Jinnah}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox family
| name = Jinnah family
| other_names =
| alt =
| image = {{multiple image
|border=infobox
|align=center
|direction=horizontal
|image1=Jinnah_Poonjha.jpg
|width1=106
|caption1=[[Jinnahbhai Poonja]]
|image2=Fatima_jinnah1.jpg
|width2=89
|caption2=[[Fatima Jinnah]]
|image3=Jinnah1945c.jpg
|width3=103
|caption3=[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]}}
| image_size =
| alt2 =
| image_caption =
| country = [[British India]]<ref>{{cite web | title=Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity | url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/a/ahmed-jinnah.html?_r=2 }}</ref><br/> [[Pakistan]] (from 1947)
| origin = [[Paneli Moti|Paneli]], [[Kathiawar]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]]
| founder = [[Jinnahbhai Poonja]]
| final_head = [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]
| members = {{ubl
|[[Jinnahbhai Poonja]]
|[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]
|[[Emibai Jinnah]]
|[[Rattanbai Jinnah]]
|[[Ahmed Ali Jinnah]]
|[[Fatima Jinnah]]
|[[Dina Wadia]]
}}
| other_families = {{ubl|[[Petit baronets|Petit family]]|[[Wadia family]]}}
| distinctions = 
| traditions = [[Nizari Isma'ilism|Nizari Isma'ili Islam]]<br/>[[Sunni Islam]]{{efn|[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] moved towards the [[Sunni Islam|Sunni denomination]] early in life. With evidence from his relatives, associates and other witnesses, it was established that he had fully reverted to the Sunni denomination later in life.{{sfn|Ahmed|2005|loc=p. 4: Although born into a Khoja (from khwaja or 'noble') family who were disciples of the Ismaili Aga Khan, Jinnah moved towards the Sunni sect early in life. There is evidence later, given by his relatives and associates in court, to establish that he was firmly a Sunni Muslim by the end of his life}}}}
| heirlooms = Displayed at [[Quaid-e-Azam House]]
| estate = {{ubl
|[[Wazir Mansion]], Karachi
|[[Jinnah House|South Court]], Bombay
|[[Quaid-e-Azam House|Flagstaff House]], Karachi
|[[Corps Commander House, Lahore|Jinnah House]], Lahore
|[[Governor's House, Karachi|Governor-General's House]], Karachi
|[[Quaid-e-Azam Residency|Ziarat Residency]], Ziarat
}}
}}
{{Muhammad Ali Jinnah sidebar}}
'''Jinnah family''' of [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] had long been prominent in British Indian, and later [[Politics of Pakistan|Pakistani]], politics. They played a pivotal role in the [[Pakistan Movement]].

Jinnah, often referred to in Pakistan as the ''[[Qaid|Quaid-e-Azam]]'', served as the country’s first [[Governor-General of Pakistan|Governor-General]] after the [[partition of India]]. His younger sister, [[Fatima Jinnah]], was also a key figure in the Pakistan movement. Many public institutions, including universities and hospitals, have been [[List of things named after Muhammad Ali Jinnah|named in honor of Jinnah]] and Fatima, and their birth and death anniversaries are recognized as [[public holidays in Pakistan]].<ref>[http://storyofpakistan.com/muhammad-ali-jinnah/ The story of Pakistan]</ref><ref name="Wadia">{{cite web |last=Guriro |first=Amar |date=30 June 2009 |title=Aslam Jinnah's claim of being Quaid's family disputed |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2009%5C06%5C30%5Cstory_30-6-2009_pg7_32 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130416065320/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2009%5C06%5C30%5Cstory_30-6-2009_pg7_32 |archive-date=16 April 2013 |accessdate=11 September 2012 |publisher=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]]}}</ref>

The history of the Jinnah family is somewhat debated among different sources.{{sfn|Ahmed|2005|loc=p. 3–4: Jinnah's family traced its descent from Iran and reflected Shia, Sunni and Ismaili influences; some of the family names -- Valji, Manbai and Nathoo -- were even 'akin to Hindu names'...Another source has a different explanation of Jinnah's origins. Mr Jinnah, according to a Pakistani author, said that his male ancestor was a Rajput from Sahiwal in the Punjab who had married into the Ismaili Khojas and settled in Kathiawar}} Originally from a [[Khoja]] background, the family relocated to [[Karachi]] from [[Kathiawar]], [[Bombay Presidency]] in 1875.<ref name="Gujrats gifts to India and Pakistan">[http://tribune.com.pk/story/340710/gujarats-gifts-to-india-and-pakistan/ Gujrats gifts to India and Pakistan]</ref> Jinnah's paternal grandfather hailed from [[Paneli Moti]] village in the [[Gondal State|Gondal state]] (now part of [[Gujarat|Gujarat, India]]).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pirbhai |first=M. Reza |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pU7ODgAAQBAJ&pg=PA25 |title=Fatima Jinnah |date=2017 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-19276-8 |page=25 |language=en}}</ref> Jinnah was the eldest of seven children born to [[Jinnahbhai Poonja]], a merchant, and his wife, Mithibai. The family was part of the Khoja caste, a group of Hindus who had converted to Islam centuries earlier and were followers of the [[Aga Khan]].<ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica">{{cite web |title=Mohammed Ali Jinnah |url=http://www.britannica.com/biography/Mohammed-Ali-Jinnah |access-date=6 June 2020 |website=britannica.com |publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref> Although raised in a Khoja Muslim family, Jinnah later identified as a Sunni Muslim, a shift confirmed by testimonies from relatives and associates later in his life.{{sfn|Ahmed|2005|loc=p. 4: Although born into a Khoja (from khwaja or 'noble') family who were disciples of the Ismaili Aga Khan, Jinnah moved towards the Sunni sect early in life. There is evidence later, given by his relatives and associates in court, to establish that he was firmly a Sunni Muslim by the end of his life}}

==Members of the Jinnah family==
Jinnah's family was from Khoja caste, who had converted to Islam from Hinduism and were followers of the Aga Khan.<ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica"/>

=== First Generation ===
* Poonja Meghji. He was a Hindu converted to Islam. He also observed most Hindu religious rituals:<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Panigrahi |first=D. N. |title=India's Partition: The Story of Imperialism in Retreat |publisher=Routledge |year=2004 |pages=16}}</ref>
** Manbai
** Valji
** Nathoobhai
** Jinnahbhai

===Second generation===
*Jinnahbhai Poonja.<ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica"/> (also referred to as Jina Poonja),<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/news/861886/the-truth-about-aslam-jinnah The truth about Aslam Jinnah, Dawn, Liaquat Merchant, (the grandson of Maryam Bai, one of Quaid-e-Azam's sisters), JUL 10, 2009]</ref>{{unreliable source?|date=January 2024}} a Khoja (1857–1902), was married to Mithhibai.<ref name="abplive.in">{{Cite web |url=http://www.abplive.in/india-news/a-closed-fist-worth-millions-106672 |title=Closed fist worth millions |access-date=12 November 2015 |archive-date=24 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624212616/http://www.abplive.in/india-news/a-closed-fist-worth-millions-106672 |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{unreliable source?|date=January 2024}}<ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica"/>
** m. Mithhibai
** Jinnahbhai Poonja was a prosperous merchant.<ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica"/> He moved to Karachi before Muhammad Ali Jinnah's birth. He and his wife had 8 children,{{sfn|Ahmed|2005|page=3}} to whom they stopped giving Hindu names, stopped observance of Hindu ''chatti'' ritual, and began giving Quran lessons to their children:<ref name="Fact file: Jinnah`s family">[https://www.dawn.com/news/886034/fact-file-jinnah-s-family Fact file: Jinnah's family]</ref><ref name=":0" />
# [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]
# [[Ahmed Ali Jinnah]]
# Bunde Ali Jinnah
# Rahmat Bai Jinnah
# Shireen Bai Jinnah
# Maryam Bai Jinnah
# Fatima Jinnah
# Bachu{{sfn|Dani|1979}}{{sfn|Beg|1986}}

===Third generation===
* [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] (1876–1948)
** The founder of [[Pakistan]] and was the country's first Governor-General. His first marriage in 1892 was the result of his mother urging him to marry his cousin [[Emibai Jinnah]] before he left for England to pursue higher studies. However, Emibai died a few months later. His second marriage took place in 1918 to [[Rattanbai Petit]] (granddaughter of [[Dinshaw Maneckji Petit]] and [[Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata]]), a Parsi who was 24 years his junior. Rattanbai [[converted to Islam]] when she married Jinnah.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Newspaper|first1=the|title=Maryam Jinnah|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/772879|access-date=24 May 2017|work=DAWN.COM|date=21 December 2012|language=en}}</ref> In 1919, she gave birth to their only daughter, [[Dina Jinnah]].<ref name="Wadia2">{{cite web | url=http://blogs.tribune.com.pk/story/9573/rutties-love-letter-to-jinnah/ | title=Ruttie's love letter to Jinnah | date=30 December 2011 | first=Amna | last=Khalid | publisher=[[The Express Tribune]] | work=[[Daily Express (Urdu newspaper)|Daily Express]] | accessdate=11 September 2012}}</ref><ref name="early">{{cite web|url=http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/Quaid/life_quaid01.htm |title=Early Days: Birth and Schooling |first=Government of Pakistan |last=Official website |accessdate=2006-04-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051105114708/http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/Quaid/life_quaid01.htm |archivedate=2005-11-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
** m. [[Emibai Jinnah]]
*** [[Dawn (newspaper)]] Fact File: "In his youth, Mohammad Ali Jinnah was married to a distant cousin named Emibai from Paneli village in Gujarat at his mother's urging. At the time of their marriage, Jinnah was only 16 and Emibai was 14. The marriage was arranged by his mother because she feared that when Jinnah went to England, he might end up marrying an English girl. The couple hardly lived together as Jinnah sailed from India soon after his marriage and Emibai died a few weeks later."<ref name="Fact file: Jinnah`s family"/>
** m. [[Rattanbai Jinnah]] (1900-1929)
* [[Ahmed Ali Jinnah]]
** Ahmed Ali Jinnah was a businessman and, though not involved in politics or public life, he is known for his place within the prominent Jinnah family. He married a Swiss woman named Emmy, with whom he had a daughter, and later settled abroad, living in [[Switzerland]] and eventually the [[United States]]. He remained largely out of the public eye, and little is documented about his personal or professional life.
* Bunde Ali Jinnah
* Rahmat Bai Jinnah
* Shireen Jinnah
* [[Fatima Jinnah]] (1893–1967)
** Fatima Jinnah was a dental surgeon, biographer, stateswoman, and one of the leading Founding mothers of modern-state of Pakistan. She also played a pivotal role in civil rights and introduced the women's rights movement in the [[Pakistan Movement]]. After her brother's death she continued to play a pivotal role in Pakistani politics and in 1965 returned to active politics by running against [[Ayub Khan (Field Marshal)|Ayub Khan]] in the [[1965 Pakistani presidential election|1965 elections]].
* Maryam Bai Jinnah
* Bachu{{sfn|Dani|1979}}
** Died in infancy{{sfn|Beg|1986}}

===Fourth generation===
* [[Dina Wadia]] (1919–2017)
** Dina was born to [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] and [[Rattanbai Jinnah|Rattainbai Jinnah]] (née [[Rattanbai Petit|Petit]]) in [[London]] shortly after midnight on the morning of 15 August 1919. As [[Stanley Wolpert]]'s ''Jinnah of Pakistan'' records: "Oddly enough, precisely twenty-eight years to the day and hour before the birth of Jinnah's other offspring, Pakistan."<ref name="Wadia"/>

She had a rift with her father when she expressed her desire to marry a [[Parsi]] from her mother's family, [[Neville Wadia]]. According to M C Chagla in "Roses in December", Jinnah, a [[Muslim]], disowned his daughter after trying to dissuade her from marrying Neville. Dina Wadia was the only direct living link to Jinnah and the nation of Pakistan claiming her father as its own [[father of the nation]] is assumed to have some kind of kinship with her according to Akbar S. Ahmed.{{sfn|Ahmed|2005|p=21}} His descendants through her are part of the [[Wadia family]] and reside in India as she married and stayed in India after the [[Partition of India|creation]] of [[Pakistan]] in 1947. Dina Wadia lived alone with staff in the [[New York City]], United States.<ref name="articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com">{{Cite web |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-06-24/news/63782850_1_nusli-wadia-jinnah-house-dina-wadia |title=Business baron Nusli Wadia attends to his ailing mother |access-date=23 August 2016 |archive-date=16 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916061236/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-06-24/news/63782850_1_nusli-wadia-jinnah-house-dina-wadia |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wadia died of pneumonia at her home in New York on 1 November 2017 at the age of 98.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1367906|title=Jinnah's only daughter, Dina Wadia, passes away at 98|last=Dawn.com|date=2017-11-02|work=DAWN.COM|access-date=2017-11-02|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jinnahs-daughter-dina-wadia-dies-in-new-york/article19969258.ece|title=Jinnah's daughter Dina Wadia dies in New York|date=2017-11-02|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-11-02|others=PTI|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.suchtv.pk/world/item/61998-quaid-e-azam-s-daughter-dina-wadia-dies-in-london.html|title=Quaid-e-Azam'S daughter Dina Wadia dies in New York - SUCH TV|author=Web Desk|work=SUCH TV|access-date=2017-11-02|language=en-gb}}</ref>{{unreliable source?|date=January 2024}}

==Estates==
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| footer = [[Quaid-e-Azam House]]
| width = 300

| image1 = PK Karachi asv2020-02 img55 Jinnah Museum.jpg
| width1 = 180
| alt1 = Quaid-e-Azam House
| caption1 =
}}

;Private estates
* [[Wazir Mansion]], Jinnah's birthplace in Karachi
* [[Jinnah House|South Court]], Muhammad Ali Jinnah's former residence in [[Mumbai]], India, currently owned by the government of India.
* Muhammad Ali Jinnah House, Jinnah's former House at 10 Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road, [[New Delhi]], currently the Dutch Embassy in India.
* [[Quaid-e-Azam House]], Muhammad Ali Jinnah's House in Karachi
* [[Corps Commander House, Lahore|Jinnah House]], a property owned by Jinnah in Lahore, currently the Corps Commander House

;Official residences
* [[Governor's House (Karachi)|Governor-General's House]], Jinnah's official residence in Karachi
* [[Quaid-e-Azam Residency]], Jinnah's residence in Balochistan where he spent the last days of his life

==Family photos==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="125">
File:Jinnah Poonjha.jpg|[[Jinnahbhai Poonja]]
File:Jinnah1945c.jpg|[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]
File:Fatima jinnah1.jpg|[[Fatima Jinnah]]
File:Maryam Jinnah portrait.jpg|[[Rattanbai Jinnah]]
</gallery>

==Family tree==
{{Jinnah family tree}}

==See also==
* [[Wadia family]]
* [[Petit baronets|Petit family]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RqyniTHXFxUC&pg=PT25|title=Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity: The Search for Saladin|last=Ahmed|first=Akbar|publisher=Routledge|year=2005|isbn=9781134750221}}
* {{cite book|last1=Beg|first1=Aziz|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JeVtAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA92|title=Jinnah and His Times: A Biography|pages=92|year=1986|publisher=Babur & Amer Publications|access-date=8 June 2025}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Dani|editor-first1=Ahmad Hasan|editor-link1=Ahmad Hasan Dani|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d3JCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA52|title=World Scholars on Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah: Volume 1|year=1979|publisher=[[Quaid-i-Azam University]]|page=52|access-date=8 June 2025}}

{{Muhammad Ali Jinnah}}
{{Political families of Pakistan}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Jinnah family| ]]
[[Category:Muhammad Ali Jinnah|Family]]
[[Category:Political families of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Muslim families]]
[[Category:First families of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Gujarati families]]
[[Category:Muhajir families]]
[[Category:Pakistani Shia Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian Shia Muslims]]
[[Category:Pakistani Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:Khoja Ismailis]]

Jinnah family - Revision history

CleanupBot at 06:31, 22 March 2026