https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Joga_Prad%C4%ABpik%C4%81Joga Pradīpikā - Revision history2026-08-01T07:16:37ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.4https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Joga_Prad%C4%ABpik%C4%81&diff=462505&oldid=prevBsdmission at 16:28, 17 October 20252025-10-17T16:28:44Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|1731 Indian yoga text}}<br />
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The '''''Joga Pradīpikā''''' (जोगप्रदीपिका, "A Small Light on Yoga") is a [[hatha yoga]] text by Ramanandi Jayatarama written in 1737 in a mixture of [[Hindi]], [[Braj Bhasa]], [[Khari Boli]] and forms close to [[Sanskrit]].{{sfn|Jayataramā|1999}}{{sfn|Bühnemann|2007|pp=28-29, 38-63}} It presents 6 [[Shatkarma|cleansing methods]], 84 [[asana]]s, 24 [[mudra]]s and 8 [[kumbhaka]]s.{{sfn|Mallinson|2011|pp=770–781}} The text is illustrated in an 1830 manuscript with 84 paintings of [[asana]]s, prepared about a hundred years after the text.{{sfn|Bühnemann|2007|pp=38-63}}<br />
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==Topics==<br />
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[[File:Mahamudra in Jogapradipika.jpg|thumb|upright|''[[Mahamudra (Hatha Yoga)|Mahāmudrā]]'' is listed among the text's asanas, thus conflating mudras with asanas.{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=232-233}}]]<br />
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The ''Joga Pradīpikā'' covers a broad range of topics on yoga, including the nature of the yogic [[subtle body]],{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|p=492}} [[Shatkarma|preliminary purifications]],{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|p=50}} yogic seals (mudrās),{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=232-233}} [[asana]]s,{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=89-92}} [[pranayama|prānāyāma]] (breath-control),{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=127, 131, 133, 166-170, 264}} [[mantra]]s,{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=264}} [[meditation]],{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|p=290}} liberation ([[moksha]]),{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=401-3, 416, 431-432}} and [[samādhi]].{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=324-326, 343, 358}}<br />
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One of the purifications in the text is the ''mulashishnasodhana'', "the cleansing of the anus and the penis", which calls for water to be drawn into the anus and squirted out through the penis, which [[James Mallinson (author)|James Mallinson]] and [[Mark Singleton (yoga scholar)|Mark Singleton]] gloss as "a feat which is, of course, anatomically impossible."{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|p=50}}<br />
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Prānāyāma is stated to result in liberation, on its own,{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=127, 168}} though some of its breath-control techniques also use mantras.{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=264, 168-169}} The ''Joga Pradīpikā'' however asks the yogi to stay on as a physical body to serve the Lord, rather than choosing liberation.{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=401, 416}} <br />
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The ''Joga Pradīpikā'' conflates the [[mudrās]] with asanas by describing the [[Mahamudra (Hatha Yoga)|mahāmudrā]] as one of its 84 asanas. Like other late texts, it describes a relatively large number of mudrās, 24 in all.{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=232-233}}<br />
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On meditation, the text reworks the ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]''{{'}}s meditation of the goddess [[Sītā]] and the god [[Rāma]].{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|p=290}} On samādhi, the yogi reaches it by the "bee cave" in the [[Sahasrara|sahasrara chakra]], the "thousand-petalled lotus", with an unending "unstruck sound".{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|p=358}}<br />
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== Asanas ==<br />
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The description of 84 asanas occupies 314 out of 964 verses in the 1737 version. Most of the asanas are said to [[Yoga as therapy|bring therapeutic benefits]]; all of them ask the practitioner to direct the gaze ([[Drishti (yoga)|drishti]]) at the point between the eyebrows or at the end of the nose.{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=89-92}}<br />
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The 84 asanas described and illustrated in the 1830 document include some that are widely practised in modern [[yoga as exercise|yoga]], but its selection differs markedly from that in other [[hatha yoga]] texts such as the ''[[Hatha Ratnavali]]''. Many of the illustrated poses are [[Meditation seat|seated asanas used for meditation]], including the ancient [[Lotus position|Padmasana]] and [[Siddhasana]], both of which appear twice in the set of illustrations. The number 84 is symbolic rather than literal, indicating that a set is complete and sacred.{{efn|name=symbolism|84's symbolism may derive from its astrological and numerological properties: it is the product of 7, the number of planets in [[astrology]], and 12, the number of [[signs of the zodiac]], while in [[numerology]], 7 is the sum of 3 and 4, and 12 is the product, i.e. 84 is (3+4)×(3×4).<ref name="Rosen 2017">{{cite book |last=Rosen |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Rosen (yoga teacher) |title=Yoga FAQ: Almost Everything You Need to Know about Yoga-from Asanas to Yamas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0oBPDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA171 |year=2017 |publisher=Shambhala |isbn=978-0-8348-4057-7 |pages=171–}}</ref>}}{{sfn|Mallinson|2011|pp=770–781}}{{sfn|Bühnemann|2007|pp=38-63}}{{-}}<br />
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<gallery mode=packed heights=175px><br />
File:Jogapradipika 1 Svastikasana.jpg|1 [[Svastikasana]]<br />
File:Jogapradipika 2 Padmasana.jpg|2 [[Lotus position|Padmasana]]<br />
File:Jogapradipika 7 Pascimatanasana.jpg|7 [[Paschimottanasana|Paschimottan{{shy}}asana]]<br />
File:Jogapradipika 16 Mayurasana.jpg|16 [[Mayurasana]]<br />
File:Kapala Asana (headstand) from Jogapradipika 1830.jpg |17 [[Sirsasana|Kapali asana]]<br />
File:Jogapradipika 22 Bhadragorakhasana.jpg|22 [[Gorakshasana]]<br />
File:Jogapradipika 29 Viparitakarana.jpg|29 [[Viparita Karani]]<br />
File:Jogapradipika 66 Narasimhasana.jpg|66 [[Simhasana|Narasimh{{shy}}asana]]<br />
File:Jogapradipika 81 Kurmasana.jpg|81 [[Kurmasana]]<br />
File:Jogapradipika 84 Siddhasana.jpg| 84 [[Siddhasana]]<br />
</gallery><br />
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== Notes ==<br />
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{{notelist}}<br />
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== References ==<br />
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== Sources ==<br />
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* {{cite book |last=Bühnemann |first=Gudrun |author-link=Gudrun Bühnemann |title=Eighty-Four Asanas in Yoga: A Survey of Traditions |date=2007 |publisher=D. K. Printworld |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-8124604175 |pages=38–63 }}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Jayataramā |first1=Ramanandi |title=Jogpradīpikā of Jayataramā |editor1-last=Gharote |editor1-first=M. L. |date=1999 |publisher=Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute |location=Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India}}<br />
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Mallinson |first=James |author-link=James Mallinson (author) |entry=Haṭha Yoga |encyclopedia=Brill Encyclopedia of Hinduism |volume=3 |editor=Knut A. Jacobsen |display-editors=etal |year=2011 |publisher=Brill Academic |isbn=978-90-04-27128-9 |pages=770–781}}<br />
* {{cite book | last1=Mallinson | first1=James |author-link1=James Mallinson (author) |last2=Singleton |first2=Mark |author-link2=Mark Singleton (yoga scholar) | title=[[Roots of Yoga]] | publisher=Penguin Books | year=2017 | isbn=978-0-241-25304-5 | oclc=928480104 }}<br />
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{{Hatha yoga}}<br />
{{Yoga}}<br />
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