UpdateBot at 10:40, 7 May 2022

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{{for|the village in Andaman & Nicobar Islands|Joginder Nagar, Great Nicobar}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Joginder Nagar
| other_name = The City of Powerhouses
| settlement_type = [[City]] and [[hill station]]
| image_skyline = Joginder Nagar.jpg
| image_alt = Aerial view of Jogindernagar and its surrounding mountains
| image_caption = Jogindernagar and its suburbs, seen from Siqandar Dhar
| nickname = Electric City, City of Powerhouses
| pushpin_map = India Himachal Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Himachal Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|31.988723|N|76.79155|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Himachal Pradesh Flag, India.png}} [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mandi district|Mandi]]
| established_title = Formation
| established_date = 1925
| founder = Joginder Sen
| named_for = King of Mandi
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Municipal council]]
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 350
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 1220
| population_total = 5335
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank = [[List of cities in Himachal Pradesh by population|31st in state]]
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 175015<ref name="RefPostCode">India Post. (EN) [http://www.indiapost.gov.in/pin/Pinsearch.aspx?Pin_On=Joginder_Nagar Pincode search - Joginder Nagar]</ref>
| area_code = 1908<ref name="RefPhoneCode">Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. [http://www.bsnl.co.in/searchcode.php?state=Himachal%20Pradesh&pgno=0 STD Codes for cities in Himachal Pradesh] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526153150/http://www.bsnl.co.in/searchcode.php?state=Himachal+Pradesh&pgno=0 |date=26 May 2011 }}</ref>
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = HP 29
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 87.86%
| website = {{Url|1=http://www.jogindernagar.com|2=jogindernagar.com}}
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[English language|English]], [[Mandeali language|Mandyali]], [[Kangri dialect|Kangri]]
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank2_info_sec2 = [[Humid subtropical]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])
| blank3_name_sec2 = Avg. annual temperature
| blank3_info_sec2 = {{convert|16|°C|°F}}
| blank4_name_sec2 = Avg. summer temperature
| blank4_info_sec2 = {{convert|24|°C|°F}}
| blank5_name_sec2 = Avg. winter temperature
| blank5_info_sec2 = {{convert|8|°C|°F}}
}}
'''Jogindernagar''', or '''Jogindar Nagar''' ([[Hindi]]: जोगिंदर नगर) ({{IPA-hns|dʒoːˈɡɪnd̪ər nəˈɡər|}}), is a [[municipality]] in [[Mandi district]] in the Indian [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]]. Named after Raja Joginder Sen, the [[hill station]] is the terminus of the {{convert|163|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} [[Kangra Valley]] [[narrow-gauge railway]]. Jogindernagar is the third-largest city in the district. The only city in [[Asia]] with three [[Hydroelectric power in India|hydro-electric power stations]], its nickname is "The City of Powerhouses".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jogindernagar.com/home/overview-history-and-infrastructure|title=जोगिंदर नगर- अवलोकन, इतिहास और बुनियादी ढांचा {{!}} Jogindernagar.com|last=जोगिन्दरनगर.कॉम|website=jogindernagar.com|access-date=2016-06-03}}</ref>

Situated in the central [[Joginder Nagar Valley]], this region is known for [[paragliding]] and [[trekking]], [[mountain biking]] and [[camping]]. The valley is known for its ''Ts'': trolley, [[trout]] and train. In 2015, Jogindernagar was declared the first free [[Wi-Fi]] city in Himachal Pradesh.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/good-governance/himachal-pradesh/Jogindernagar-to-become-first-town-of-State-with-free-wi-fi facility/articleshow/47106669.cms Jogindernagar to become first town of State with free wi-fi facility]</ref>

==Etymology==
Jogindernagar was named after the Mandi king Raja Joginder Sen. Its original name was Sukrahatti.

==History==
In 1925, Raja Joginder Sen and [[Colonel|Col]]. B. C. Batty planned a [[hydropower]] scheme near the village of Sukrahatti. Alexander Sanderson was chief engineer until December 1929, when he returned to England with the project half-completed.<ref>John Sanderson's biography, planned publication 2018.</ref>{{Better source|date=September 2019}} Narrow-gauge railway track was laid from [[Pathankot]] to Jogindernagar—about {{convert|150|km}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Pathankot to Joginder Nagar |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/search/ptk-pathankot-junction-to-jdnx-joginder-nagar/92/0/6337 |access-date=7 September 2019}}</ref>—to carry heavy machinery transported from Britain. A [[haulage]] system was laid from the [[Shanan Power House]] site to [[Barot (Himachal Pradesh)|Barot]], where a reservoir was built on the [[Uhl River]]. After tunneling and piping the water several kilometres from the river to Jogindernagar, the 110-[[Watt|MW]] Shanan Power House was built by a team of engineers headed by Batty. It was the only hydroelectric project in northern India which fed undivided Punjab and Delhi.
[[File:The power house of th Uhl scheme at Jogindarnagar.jpg|left|thumb|Shanan Power House in the mid-20th century|alt=Black-and-white photo of the exterior of a hydroelectric plant|upright]]
The hydroelectric scheme planned to build five power stations with water from the Uhl River. Water from the Shanan Power House was be by tunnels {{convert|8|km}} to adjoining Siyuri Dhar. A reservoir was be built in the village of Chapprot to drive turbines at the base of Chapprot Hill in stage two of the project. However, the plan was abandoned after Batty's death.

During the 1960s, the [[Himachal Pradesh State Electricity Board]] revived the plan. Another set of turbines was added at Bassi (a small village at the bottom of Chapprot Hill) in 1970, and the 66-MW [[Bassi Power House]] was built. Despite the Bassi Power House's economy (since it was based on [[tailwater]] from the Shanan project), no further development was made until the beginning of the 21st century.
Construction of the project's third stage, the 100-MW Uhl Stage III, is ongoing in the village of Chulla (near Tullah) with two reservoirs: one near [[Machhyal Lake]] and another in the village of Raktal (near [[Chulla]]).

Until the mid-20th century, Jogindernagar was northern India's largest potato market.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://himtimes.com/jogindernagar-power-city-of-india/|title=Jogindernagar - The Power City of India - Himtimes|last=Himtimes|date=2014-01-19|website=Himtimes|language=en-US|access-date=2016-06-03}}</ref> The potato-growing valleys were not linked by roads; over 2,000 mules from the Lahaul and Spiti valleys transported potatoes from outlying areas to Jogindernagar, the only railhead in that part of the state. Potatoes from Mandi, [[Kullu district|Kullu]] and [[Lahaul and Spiti district]]s were brought there for transport to [[West Bengal]].

==Rock salt==
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2019}}
Jogindernagar was India's only supplier of [[Halite|rock salt]], obtained from the Gumma and Drang mines. Residents of the [[Kullu Valley]] travelled for days to obtain the salt, crossing the high-altitude Bhubhu Pass (since the road network did not yet exist).
And it believed that landslide happened all the workers died and their ghost haunts gumma

==Geography==
Jogindernagar is in the central [[Joginder Nagar Valley]], in the north-western [[Himalayas]].<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/11/Joginder Nagar.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Joginder Nagar]{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Surrounded by mountains, it has an average elevation of 1,220 metres (4,000 feet). Jogindernagar's altitude ranges from {{convert|800|m}} on the southern valley floor to {{convert|3000|m}} on the northern hilltops.

Its surrounding mountains are covered with dense [[pine]] forests. ''[[Rhododendron]]'' (''burans'', known locally as ''brah ka fool'') and [[Cedrus deodara|deodar]] trees are found at high-altitude locations such as Winch Camp, Jhatingri and Phuladhar. Jogindernagar is in a [[Earthquake zones of India#Zone 5|Zone V]] (very high earthquake-damage risk) region, and after-effects of the 1905 earthquake are still visible at the nearby Kila Karanpur fort.

==Climate==
The climate is warm and temperate; summer is much rainier than winters. According to the [[Köppen climate classification]], Jogindernagar has a [[humid subtropical climate]] (Cwa). Its average annual temperature is {{convert|19.6|°C}}, and its average annual rainfall is {{convert|1851|mm|in}}.

November is the driest month, with {{convert|25|mm|in}} of rain. The wettest month is July, with an average of {{convert|474|mm|in}}. The warmest month is June, with an average temperature of {{convert|27.5|°C}}; January is the coldest, with an average temperature of {{convert|10.1|°C}}. The difference in precipitation between July and November is {{convert|449|mm|in}}, and the variation in temperature throughout the year is {{convert|17.4|°C}}.

Winter temperature may fall to {{convert|-4|°C}} in Jogindernagar and {{convert|-10|°C}} at higher altitudes, which receive heavy snowfall from December to March; Jogindernagar receives occasional snow. Although summers are warm, the maximum temperature rarely exceeds {{convert|34|°C}}; the record high is {{convert|36|°C}}.

{{Weather box
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|location=Jogindernagar
|Jan high C=14.6
|Feb high C=17.4
|Mar high C=21.8
|Apr high C=27.1
|May high C=31.7
|Jun high C=32.6
|Jul high C=28.0
|Aug high C=27.0
|Sep high C=27.1
|Oct high C=25.0
|Nov high C=21.2
|Dec high C=17.2

|Jan mean C=10.1
|Feb mean C=12.6
|Mar mean C=16.8
|Apr mean C=21.6
|May mean C=26.2
|Jun mean C=27.5
|Jul mean C=24.6
|Aug mean C=23.8
|Sep mean C=23.2
|Oct mean C=20.1
|Nov mean C=15.9
|Dec mean C=12.4

|Jan low C=5.7
|Feb low C=7.9
|Mar low C=11.9
|Apr low C=16.1
|May low C=20.7
|Jun low C=22.5
|Jul low C=21.2
|Aug low C=20.6
|Sep low C=19.3
|Oct low C=15.3
|Nov low C=10.6
|Dec low C=7.6

|precipitation colour=green
|Jan precipitation mm=114
|Feb precipitation mm=94
|Mar precipitation mm=120
|Apr precipitation mm=61
|May precipitation mm=62
|Jun precipitation mm=108
|Jul precipitation mm=474
|Aug precipitation mm=456
|Sep precipitation mm=226
|Oct precipitation mm=63
|Nov precipitation mm=25
|Dec precipitation mm=48

|source 1 = ''Climate-Data.org'', altitude: 1179m<ref>{{cite web|title=Climate: Joginder Nagar – Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/33852/|publisher=Climate-Data.org|access-date=2 June 2016}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==

===Population===
Jogindernagar has two [[tehsil]]s, Jogindernagar and Lad Bharol, and a newly added sub tehsil Makreri. According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Jogindarnagar tehsil had a population of 84,470; its [[Jogindernagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Vidhan Sabha constituency]] had a population of 110,302.{{full citation needed|date=September 2019}} The municipality is divided into seven [[Ward (electoral subdivision)|wards]], for which elections are held every five years.

==={{anchor|Literacy rate}}Literacy===
Jogindarnagar's literacy rate is 87.86 percent, higher than the Himachal Pradesh average of 82.80%. Male literacy is 92.63 percent, and female literacy is 82.99 percent.

===Religion===
The major religion is [[Hinduism]]; a small percentage of the population follows [[Islam]], [[Sikhism]], [[Christianity]] and [[Tibetan Buddhism]]. A Tibetan Buddhist community (including monks) lives in the nearby village of [[Chauntra]].

==={{anchor|Language}}Languages===
The major languages spoken in the region are [[Hindi]] and the [[Western Pahari]] varieties of [[Mandeali language|Mandyali]] and the [[Kangri dialect]]. Most residents also speak [[English language|English]].

=={{anchor|Nearest major cities}}Nearest cities and transport hubs==
* [[Mandi, Himachal Pradesh|Mandi]]: {{convert|56|km}}
* [[Chandigarh]]: {{convert|256|km}}
* [[Shimla]]: {{convert|210|km}}
* [[Palampur]]: {{convert|37|km}}
* [[Pathankot]]: {{convert|150|km}}
* [[Kotli, Himachal Pradesh|Kotli]]: {{convert|42|km}}
* [[Sarkaghat]]: {{convert|61|km}}
* Nearest broad-gauge train station: Pathankot
* Nearest airport: [[Gaggal Airport]], {{convert|75|km}}

=={{anchor|Transportation}}Transport==
==={{anchor|By air}}Air===
Jogindernagar's nearest airport is Gaggal Airport, officially known as [[Kangra Airport]]. [[Kullu–Manali Airport]] is in [[Bhuntar]], {{convert|113|km}} away.

==={{anchor|By rail}}Rail===
[[File:Kangra Valley train.jpg|thumb|alt=Diesel locomotive pulling seven passenger carriages|The Kangra Valley Railway in 2018]]
[[Joginder Nagar railway station]] is the terminus of the {{convert|163|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} [[Kangra Valley Railway]], which runs to Pathankot. The nearest broad-gauge station is the [[Pathankot Junction railway station]].

==={{anchor|By road}}Road===
[[National Highway 5 (India)|National Highway 5]] connects Jogindernagar with [[Mandi, Himachal Pradesh|Mandi]] and [[Palampur]]. The Jogindernagar-[[Sarkaghat]]-Ghumarwin state highway connects it to Dharmpur.
Jogindernagar-[[Kotli, Himachal Pradesh|Kotli]] Major District Road via koon ka tar connect to Machhali

==Education==
Jogindernagar's oldest schools are the Government Senior Secondary School, Government Senior Secondary School (Girls), Dayanand Bhartiya Public Senior Secondary School (the former Bhartiya Public High School, Arya Samaj Mandir) and Mount Maurya International School. [http://mmisjnr.com/]
Most higher-education students move to larger cities and other states for graduate and post-graduate work.

A school has been established, as part of the [[Tibetan Children's Villages]] project near the Tibetan settlement in Chauntra, for Tibetan students in exile. The school provides instruction in the [[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan language]], [[Tibetan culture]], the arts and science.

=={{anchor|Tourism|Places of interest}}Points of interest==
[[File:Haulage in the Joginder Nagar Valley.jpg|thumb|alt=Single-car train on an incline, surrounded by people|Funicular track]]
* Haulage trolley: India's highest cable [[funicular]] railway climbs from the base station of Shanan Power House at {{convert|1240|to|2530|m}} at its highest station of Head Gear.
* Winch Camp: The highest settlement in the [[Joginder Nagar Valley]], at {{convert|2400|m}}. A trolley track goes from Winch Camp to Head Gear (2,500 meters), and the funicular descends to Barot. Currently non-operational, the {{convert|3|km|adj=on}} narrow-gauge track from Winch Camp to Head Gear is India's highest railway track.
[[Image:Panoramic_Hill_town_of_Barot.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|alt=Aerial view of small town and reservoir|Hill town of Barot and reservoir in 2007]]
* [[Barot (Himachal Pradesh)|Barot]]: Contains the main Uhl River reservoirs for the Shanan and Bassi hydroelectric projects.
* [[Bir, Himachal Pradesh|Bir-Billing]]: Bir is home to Tibetan Buddhist monasteries. At {{convert|2300|m}}, Billing is a [[paragliding]] and [[hang gliding]] take-off spot. It hosted the 2015 Paragliding World Cup.
* [[Shanan Power House]]: India's first megawatt hydroelectric power project, commissioned in 1932
* Kangra Valley Railway: The narrow-gauge railway runs between [[Pathankot]] and Jogindernagar. Passing through two tunnels, the railway is on [[UNESCO]]'s tentative list to be added to its [[mountain railways of India]] [[World Heritage Site]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mountain Railways of India (Extension) |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5919/ |website=UNESCO Tentative Lists |access-date=9 September 2019}}</ref>
[[File:Paragliding World Cup 2015 at nearby Bir-Billing.jpg|thumb|alt=Spectators and a paraglider|Paragliding World Cup 2015 at Bir-Billing]]
* [[Dehnasar Lake]]: High-altitude lake in the [[Dhauladhar]] range
* Banderi Temple and Kila Karanpur: Banderi Temple is on the hill to the north-west of Jogindernagar. Kila Karanpur is the abandoned fort of Raja Karan Sen, son of Raja Joginder Sen.
* [[Macchial Lake]]: Lake which is considered sacred
* Jhatingri: Hill resort at {{convert|2030|m}} with [[Cedrus deodara|Himalayan cedar]], known for camping and trekking, is the gateway to the [[Barot (Himachal Pradesh)|Barot]] Valley.
* Herbal Garden and Museum: [[North India]]'s largest herbal garden and institute for research of [[Ayurveda|Ayurvedic medicine]] and plants
* Dhelu: Paragliding take-off spot for instruction and solo or tandem flights
* Phuladhar: Hilltop resort at {{convert|2260|m}}, east of Jogindernagar, is known for paragliding, camping, trekking and 360-degree views of Joginder Nagar and Barot Valleys.
* Dzongsar Khyentse Monastery: One of six Buddhist monasteries and schools in nearby Chauntra village exemplifies Tibetan architecture and religious practice.
* Chaina Pass: Mountain pass at {{convert|2730|m}} connects Barot Valley at Rajgundha to Joginder Nagar Valley at Billing and the adjacent [[Kangra Valley]].
* Bhubu Pass: This high-altitude pass, {{convert|2900|m}} high between [[Kullu]] and Jogindernagar, was the only link between the towns.
* Batty Pass: Named after B. C. Batty, this mid-altitude {{convert|2530|m|adj=on}} pass parallels haulage rail track to connect Jogindernagar Valley (near Winch Camp) to Barot Valley at Headgear.

=={{anchor|Notable people}}Notable residents==
* [[Ram Swaroop Sharma]], Member of Parliament from Mandi
* [[Gulab Singh Thakur]], former Himachal Pradesh speaker and cabinet minister
*[[Vikrant Thakur]], Dy. Commandant BSF
* Abhay Sen

==Gallery==
<gallery mode=packed>
Dzongser Khyentse Monastery.jpg|alt=Long, low, well-landscaped building|Dzongser Khyentse Monastery in 2014
Mountains engulfed in monsoon clouds .jpg|alt=Mountains with low clouds|Mountains engulfed in monsoon clouds
Sylvan Retreat.jpg|alt=Two buildings and a tall birdhouse on a wooded mountainside|Sylvan Retreat, a British-era [[guest house]] in Barot
Decent chaprot.JPG|alt=Reservoir against a mountain backdrop|Chaprot reservoir for the Bassi power house
Jogindernagar Monastery at Chauntra.jpg|alt=Three-story Tibetan-style building, with people outside for acale|Buddhist monastery in Chauntra
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Wikivoyage-inline}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cyxuq5zdkFo Discovery Channel's "World's Toughest Trucker" in Joginder Nagar]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190315050915/http://www.hptdc.gov.in/ Himachal Tourism Dep. Co.]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070115021800/http://himachaltourism.nic.in/ Himachal Tourism Department India]
* [http://www.tcv.org.in/ Tibetan Children's Village]
* [http://www.tcvchauntra.org/ Tibetan Children's Village, Chauntra]

{{Mandi district}}
{{Kullu Manali Circuit}}

[[Category:Jogindernagar| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Mandi district]]
[[Category:Geography of Mandi district]]

Jogindernagar - Revision history

UpdateBot at 10:40, 7 May 2022