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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name =Jognakhera
|natiave name =
|settlement_type=Archeological site
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|subdivision_name = India
|subdivision_name1 =[[Haryana]]
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'''Jognakhera''' is an archaeological site belonging to late Harappan phase of [[Indus Valley Civilisation]]. Jogankhera is located in [[Kurukshetra]] District, Haryana, India.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ghosh|first=Amalananda (Ed.)|title=An Encyclopaedia of Indian archaeology|year=1990|publisher=E.J. Brill|location=Leiden|isbn=9789004092648|pages=187|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=law3AAAAIAAJ&q=Jogna+Khera}}</ref>

==Period==
[[File:Painted_Grey_Ware_Culture_(1200-600_BCE).png|thumb|Painted Grey Ware Culture (1200-600 BCE).]]
[[File:Indo-Iranian_origins.png|thumb|Archaeological cultures associated with [[Indo-Iranian migration]]s (after [[Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture|EIEC]]). The [[Andronovo culture|Andronovo]], [[BMAC]] and [[Yaz culture]]s have often been associated with [[Indo-Iranians|Indo-Iranian]] migrations. The [[Gandhara grave culture|GGC]] (Swat), [[Cemetery H culture|Cemetery H]], [[Copper Hoard Culture|Copper Hoard]] and PGW cultures are candidates for cultures associated with [[Indo-Aryan peoples|Indo-Aryan]] [[Indo-Aryan migration|migrations]].]]

The find from this site belong to the mature Harappan phase as well as later-era PGW phase (Vedic period).<ref name=bhan1/> The [[Painted Grey Ware culture]] (PGW) probably corresponds to the middle and late [[Vedic period]], i.e., the [[Kuru Kingdom|Kuru]]-[[Panchala]] kingdom, the first large state in South Asia after the decline of the [[Indus Valley Civilization]] (IVC).<ref name=jog1>Geoffrey Samuel, (2010) ''The Origins of Yoga and Tantra: Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century'', Cambridge University Press, pp. 45–51</ref><ref name=jog2>[[Michael Witzel]] (1989), ''Tracing the Vedic dialects'' in ''Dialectes dans les litteratures Indo-Aryennes'' ed. [[Colette Caillat|Caillat]], Paris, 97–265.</ref> [[Painted Grey Ware culture]] (PGW) chiefdoms in the region were succeeded by [[Northern Black Polished Ware]] (NBPW) from c. 700-500 BCE, associated with the rise of the great [[mahajanapada]] states ([[mahajanapada]] states [[Kuru Kingdom|Kuru]], [[Panchala]], [[Matsya Kingdom|Matsya]], [[Surasena]] and [[Vatsa]])<ref name=bhan1/> and later of the [[Magadha]] Empire.<ref name=jog1/><ref name=jog2/> Towards the end of the late Vedic period, many of the PGW settlements grew into the large towns and cities of the [[Northern Black Polished Ware]] (NBPW) period.<ref name=jog3>{{Cite web |url=http://a.harappa.com/sites/g/files/g65461/f/CulturesSocietiesIndusTrad.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=5 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101140624/http://a.harappa.com/sites/g/files/g65461/f/CulturesSocietiesIndusTrad.pdf |archive-date=1 January 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[B.B. Lal]] confirms that [[Mahabharata]] is associated with PGW sites and gives a date to c. 900 BCE for the War recounted in the Mahabharata.<ref name=jog4>{{Cite web|url=http://es.slideshare.net/sfih108/mahabharata-historicity-prof-b-b-lal|title=Mahabharata Historicity by Prof. B B Lal|date=24 June 2012}}</ref>

[[Ghaggar-Hakra River|Saraswati valley]] has the earlier phase of the PGW culture, such as excavation at [[Hathira|Hat]] (Hathira) in Kurukshetra. Hathira was protected by a V shaped moat.<ref name=bhan1/> Similar moats were found Jognakhera and [[Kunal, Haryana|Kunal]] on the Saraswati river. The presence of moat shows these were chiefdom-based cultures. These cultures reach a peak in [[Doab#Yamuna-Ganga_Doab|Ganga-Yamuna Doab]] before the rise of Mahajanapadas in the [[Northern Black Polished Ware]] period.<ref name=bhan1>[[Suraj Bhan]], [https://www.ancient-asia-journal.com Ancient Asia Journal].</ref>

==Excavation==
Jognakhera was excavated during 2009, although local people are not aware of the importance of this ancient site.<ref name=times>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-07-11/india/28284466_1_furnaces-site-floods | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811093449/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-07-11/india/28284466_1_furnaces-site-floods | url-status=dead | archive-date=2011-08-11 | first1=Vijay | last1=Sabharwal | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Indus Valley site ravaged by floods | date=2010-07-11}}</ref> Pot shreds were also recovered from this site.<ref name="times"/>

==Copper smelting==
Jognakhera was a [[Smelting#Copper and bronze|copper smelting]] site where copper smelting furnaces with copper slag were recovered.<ref name="times"/> The furnaces excavated from this site looked like huge saucers.
<ref name="times"/>

==Damage to site==
Floods created out of breach to [[Sutlej Yamuna link canal]] during July 2010 caused damage to this archeological site.<ref name="times"/>

==See also==

* [[Indus Valley Civilization]]* [[List of Indus Valley Civilization sites]]
* [[List of inventions and discoveries of the Indus Valley Civilization]]
* [[Hydraulic engineering of the Indus Valley Civilization]]
* [[Kunal, Haryana]] (copper smelting)

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indus Valley Civilization}}
{{Haryana}}

[[Category:Indus Valley Civilisation sites]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Haryana]]
[[Category:Former populated places in India]]

{{Haryana-geo-stub}}
{{Asia-archaeology-stub}}

Jognakhera - Revision history

CleanupBot II at 07:50, 14 August 2023