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{{Short description|Canadian-born British malariologist and soldier}}
{{For|the Quaker industrialist and philanthropist|John Sinton}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox military person
|name= John Alexander Sinton
|image= J.A. Sinton. Photograph by Chas. H. Halliday. Wellcome V0027984.jpg
|image_size=
|alt=
|caption= Portrait. Credit: Wellcome Collection
|nickname=
|birth_date= {{birth date|1884|12|02|df=yes}}
|birth_place= [[Victoria, British Columbia]], Canada
|death_date= {{death date and age|1956|03|25|1884|12|02|df=yes}}
|death_place= [[Cookstown]], [[County Tyrone]], Northern Ireland
|placeofburial= Claggan Presbyterian Cemetery, Cookstown
|allegiance= United Kingdom
|branch= [[British Indian Army]]
|serviceyears= 1911–1921 1939–1943
|rank= [[Brigadier]]
|unit= [[Indian Medical Service]]
|commands=
|battles= [[First World War]] [[Second World War]]
|awards= [[Victoria Cross]] [[Officer of the Order of the British Empire]] [[Mentioned in dispatches]] (6) [[Order of St. George|Order of St. George, 4th Class]] (Russia) [[Fellow of the Royal Society]]<ref name="frs">{{Cite journal | last1 = Christophers | first1 = R. | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1956.0019 | title = John Alexander Sinton 1884-1956 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 2 | pages = 268–290| year = 1956 | jstor = 769490| doi-access = free }}</ref> [[Manson Medal]]
|relations= [[Thomas Sinton]] (uncle) [[James Pringle (Northern Ireland politician)|James Pringle]] (cousin) [[Ernest Walton]] (cousin)
|laterwork= [[Malariologist]]
}}
[[Brigadier]] '''John Alexander Sinton''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|VC|OBE|FRS|DL}}<ref name="frs"/> (2 December 1884 – 25 March 1956) was a British [[medical doctor]], [[malaria|malariologist]], soldier, and a recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]], the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] forces.

==Early life==
Sinton was born in [[Victoria, British Columbia]], the third of the seven children of Walter Lyon Sinton (1860–1930) and his wife, Isabella Mary, née Pringle (1860–1924), a family of [[Quaker]] linen manufacturers from north of Ireland. On his mother's side he was a cousin of [[James Pringle (Northern Ireland politician)|James Pringle]], and a nephew of [[Thomas Sinton]] and cousin of [[Ernest Walton]] on his father's. In 1890 they returned to [[Ulster]] where he was educated and lived for the rest of his life. He studied at the [[Royal Belfast Academical Institution]] and read medicine at the [[Queen's University, Belfast]],<ref>[http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/page.asp?id=3158 The Royal Society, Fellow of the Month June 2005]</ref> where he graduated in 1908 as first in his year.<ref name="odnb">{{Cite ODNB | author = James S. Porterfield| title = Sinton, John Alexander (1884–1956), soldier and malariologist| doi = 10.1093/ref:odnb/61406 | year = 2004 }}</ref> He went on to attain degrees from the [[University of Cambridge]] (1910) and the [[University of Liverpool]] (1911).

Sinton joined the Indian Medical Service in 1911, coming first in the entrance examinations, but before being posted to India was seconded as the Queen's University research scholar to the [[Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine]] where his contact with [[Ronald Ross|Sir Ronald Ross]] may have influenced his later career as a malariologist.

==Military career==
Sinton was 31 years old and a [[Captain (land and air)|captain]] in the [[Indian Medical Service]] (IMS), [[Indian Army]], during the [[First World War]]. On 21 January 1916 at the Orah Ruins, [[Mesopotamia]], Captain Sinton attended to the wounded under very heavy fire and the citation to his VC reads:
{{blockquote|For most conspicuous bravery and devotion to duty. Although shot through both arms and through the side, he refused to go to hospital, and remained as long as daylight lasted, attending to his duties under very heavy fire. In three previous actions Captain Sinton displayed the utmost bravery.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue= 29633 |supp= y |page=6191 |date= 21 June 1916 }}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette| issue=31340 |page=6085 |date=15 May 1919 }}</ref>}}

Sinton later achieved the rank of [[brigadier]] (1943), was awarded the Russian [[Order of St George]] and [[mentioned in dispatches]] six times.

In 1921 he transferred from the military to the civil branch of the IMS which he continued to serve with until 1936.
[[File:J A Sinton.jpg|thumb|Painting of Capt. Sinton attending a wounded soldier at Orah Ruins, Mesopotamia]]

==Medical career==
In July 1921 he was put in charge of the [[quinine]] and [[malaria]] inquiry under the newly formed Central Malaria Bureau. He was appointed the first director of the malaria survey of India at Kasauli in 1925 where he worked with [[Samuel Rickard Christophers|Sir S. R. Christophers]].

He became Manson fellow at the [[London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine]] and at the malaria laboratory of the Ministry of Health at Horton Hospital, near [[Epsom]]. He also became adviser on malaria to the Ministry of Health. With the outbreak of the [[Second World War]], Sinton was recalled as an IMS reservist and commanded a hospital in India. At the age of fifty-five he was again retired, but was appointed consultant malariologist to the east African force and later to Middle East command, retiring with the honorary rank of brigadier in August 1943.

He then worked as consultant malariologist to the [[War Office]], travelling widely to Assam, Australia, Burma, Ceylon, India, New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands, where his expertise in malaria was invaluable. Further military decorations resulted from this period, after which Sinton returned to [[Northern Ireland]] and retired to Cookstown. He was elected Fellow of the [[Royal Society]] in 1946.<ref name="frs"/>

==Other activities==
Sinton is the only [[Fellow of the Royal Society]] to have received a Victoria Cross.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1177/0967772013479524|pmid=24833542|title=John Alexander Sinton, MD FRS VC (1884–1956)|journal=Journal of Medical Biography|volume=24|issue=2|pages=196–199|year=2016|last1=Cook|first1=GC|s2cid=1305307}}</ref> In his retirement he served as [[Deputy Lieutenant]] for [[County Tyrone]] and, in 1953, as [[High Sheriff of Tyrone]].

At [[Kasauli]], Sinton met Eadith Seymour Steuart-Martin (1894–1977), daughter of Edwin Steuart-Martin and Ada May Martin (née Martin), whom he married on 19 September 1923. Their daughter, Eleanor Isabel Mary Sinton, was born at Kasauli on 9 December 1924.

His name is remembered in Sinton Halls, a student housing block at the [[Queen's University, Belfast]], where he sat on the senate and was a Pro-Chancellor. The Sinton Medical and Dental Centre at Thiepval Barracks, Lisburn is also named in his honour. Others honoured Sinton by naming three mosquito species, Aedes sintoni, Anopheles sintoni, and Anopheles sintonoides, one sandfly species, Sergentomyia sintoni, and one subgenus Sintonius of the genus Phlebotomus, after him.

He died at his home at Slaghtfreedan Lodge, [[Cookstown]], [[County Tyrone]], on 25 March 1956 and was buried with full military honours on 28 March at Claggan Presbyterian cemetery in Cookstown. Colonel H. W. Mulligan in an obituary in the [[British Medical Journal]] described him thus:
{{blockquote|Sinton had an exceptionally quick, receptive, and retentive brain, but his greatness sprang not so much from his unusual intellectual gifts as from the simple qualities of absolute integrity and tremendous industry}}

His Victoria Cross is displayed at the [[Army Medical Services Museum]] at [[Aldershot]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}{{wikisource author}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120716192304/http://www.homeusers.prestel.co.uk/stewart/nireland.htm Location of grave in Co. Tyrone]
*[http://www.barmy.co.uk/ramc/sinton.htm Brigadier J.A. Sinton]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927051358/http://www.bob-sinton.com/ft_main.php?rin=399 Genealogy of Jack Sinton]
* {{cite TIWW |article= Sinton, Major John Alexander|page=233 }}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sinton, John Alexander}}
[[Category:1884 births]]
[[Category:1956 deaths]]
[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:20th-century Anglo-Irish people]]
[[Category:Deputy Lieutenants of Tyrone]]
[[Category:People educated at the Royal Belfast Academical Institution]]
[[Category:People from Victoria, British Columbia]]
[[Category:Alumni of Queen's University Belfast]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Liverpool]]
[[Category:Indian Army personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Indian Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:British entomologists]]
[[Category:Malariologists]]
[[Category:British World War I recipients of the Victoria Cross]]
[[Category:Indian Medical Service officers]]
[[Category:High Sheriffs of Tyrone]]
[[Category:Manson medal winners]]
[[Category:British tropical physicians]]
[[Category:20th-century British zoologists]]

John Alexander Sinton - Revision history

Bot at 20:59, 2 January 2022