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{{Short description|Non-salute princely state of India (?-1948)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{About|historic princely state|present day tehsil|Jubbal}}

'''Jubbal State''' was a [[Salute state|non-salute state]] of the [[Punjab States Agency|Simla Hill States Superintendency of the Punjab States Agency]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The India Office and Burma Office List |date=1928 |publisher=Harrison and Sons, Limited |page=79 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zVkKAAAAIAAJ&q=jubbal+state+salute |access-date=8 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Thought to have been founded in the twelfth century, it merged with the [[India|Indian Union]] in 1948.

==Area and geography==
The state covered an area of {{convert|297|sqmi}}.<ref>{{cite book |title=Panjab Past and Present |date=2000 |volume=31 |issue=62 |page=39 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NjtuAAAAMAAJ&q=jubbal+state+297+square+miles |access-date=8 July 2022 |publisher=Department of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University.|language=en}}</ref> It was bound on the west by the Paber River and the states of [[Balsan State|Balsan]] and [[Kotkhai]], the south by the [[Sirmur State]] along the Chor Ridge, the east by the [[Dehradun district|district of Dehra Dun]] and the north by [[Bushahr|Bushahr State]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Verma |first1=V. |title=The Emergence of Himachal Pradesh: A Survey of Constitutional Developments |date=1995 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=978-81-7387-035-4 |pages=53–54 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QpWloqN5LTAC&dq=jubbal+state&pg=PA53 |access-date=4 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> It had its capital at Deorha.<ref>{{cite book |title=Imperial Gazetteer of India |date=1909 |publisher=Clarendon Press |page=155 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sqg5AQAAMAAJ&q=deorha+jubbal+state |access-date=8 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Imperial Gazetteer of India: Punjab (2 v.) |date=1984 |publisher=Usha |page=418 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wAe2AAAAIAAJ&q=deorha+jubbal+state |access-date=8 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> By the beginning of the 20th century, forests covered almost 40% of the area of the state. Forestry accounted for a bulk of the state's revenues and much of the timber was used as [[Railroad tie|railway sleepers]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kanjilal |first1=Upendranath |title=The Indian Forester |date=1902 |publisher=R.P. Sharma |pages=330–340 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bWcmAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22jubbal+state%22&pg=PA333 |access-date=7 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> In 1902–03, annual revenue from forests amounted to 1,00,000 rupees whereas annual land revenue stood at only 35,828 rupees.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ibrahim |first1=Farhana |last2=Kothiyal |first2=Tanuja |title=South Asian Borderlands: Mobility, History, Affect |date=3 February 2022 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-84451-2 |page=180 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jj46EAAAQBAJ&dq=%22jubbal+state%22&pg=PA180 |access-date=7 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> [[Wheat]], [[tobacco]] and [[opium]] were the major agricultural products of Jubbal State.<ref>{{cite book |last1=MacLeish |first1=Alexander |title=The Frontier Peoples of India |date=1931 |publisher=Mittal Publications |page=90 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PEGgFuJZ7D8C&dq=%22jubbal+state%22&pg=PA93 |access-date=7 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> The states of Rawingarh and Dhadi were [[tributary state]]s to Jubbal State.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Verma |first1=V. |title=The Emergence of Himachal Pradesh: A Survey of Constitutional Developments |date=1995 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=978-81-7387-035-4 |pages=53–54 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QpWloqN5LTAC&dq=jubbal+state&pg=PA53 |access-date=4 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Charak |first1=Sukh Dev Singh |title=History and Culture of Himalayan States |date=1978 |publisher=Light & Life Publishers |page=350 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vL-1AAAAIAAJ&q=rawingarh+and+dhadi |access-date=7 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==Royal family==
The royal family were [[Rathore dynasty|Rathore Rajputs-Pirta Family]] and its founding ruler Karan Chand was a son of the [[Sirmur State|Raja of Sirmaur]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=MacLeish |first1=Alexander |title=The Frontier Peoples of India |date=1931 |publisher=Mittal Publications |page=90 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PEGgFuJZ7D8C&dq=%22jubbal+state%22&pg=PA93 |access-date=7 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Minhas |first1=Poonam |title=Traditional Trade & Trading Centres in Himachal Pradesh |date=1998 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=978-81-7387-080-4 |page=51 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_52-WyPfLG0C&dq=%22jubbal+state%22&pg=PA53 |access-date=7 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> The state was one of twenty hill states collectively called the Thakuraian and the rulers of Jubbal were styled Ranas or [[Thakur (title)|Thakurs]] before the British conferred on them the title of Raja.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hutchison |first1=John |last2=Vogel |first2=Jean Philippe |title=History of the Panjab Hill States |date=1994 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-0942-6 |page=16 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3btDw4S2FmYC&dq=jubbal+state+twelfth+century&pg=PA16 |access-date=9 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> The heir apparent was styled ''tikka'' and the younger sons of the raja were styled ''kanwar''. Succession to the throne was governed by [[male primogeniture]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brentnall |first1=Mark |title=The Princely and Noble Families of the Former Indian Empire: Himachal Pradesh |date=2004 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=978-81-7387-163-4 |pages=171–177 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ayYbAvECXQwC&dq=jubbal+state&pg=PA171 |access-date=7 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> The goddess Piri Devi was the [[tutelary deity]] of the royal family.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Mian Goverdhan |title=Wooden Temples of Himachal Pradesh |date=1999 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=978-81-7387-094-1 |page=125 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QgZFhkVINvkC&dq=jubbal+palace&pg=PA125 |access-date=8 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

===Rulers of Jubbal State ===
The rulers of the [[princely state]] of Jubbal were:<ref>[http://rulers.org/indstat1.html Rulers]</ref>
* .... - 1803 : Purana Chandra
* 1803 - 1815 : ''Nepalese Occupation''
* 1815 - 1832 : Purana Chandra (''return to power'')
*1832 - 1840 : ''British Occupation''
* 1840 : Purana Chandra (''3rd time'')
* 1840 - 1877 : Rubin Kazan Chandra
* 1877 - 1898 : Padma Chandra (b. ... - d. 1898)
* 1898 - 29 Apr 1910 : Gyan Chandra (b. ... - d. 1910)

==History==
[[File:Jubbal Palace.jpg|250px|thumb|Jubbal Palace at [[Jubbal]]]]
The state was founded by Karan Chand in the [[12th century|twelfth century]] AD and was a [[vassal state]] to Sirmur prior to the [[Anglo-Nepalese War|Anglo-Gorkha War]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Minhas |first1=Poonam |title=Traditional Trade & Trading Centres in Himachal Pradesh |date=1998 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=978-81-7387-080-4 |page=51 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_52-WyPfLG0C&dq=%22jubbal+state%22&pg=PA53 |access-date=7 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> In 1815, it was made an independent state by virtue of a ''[[sanad (deed)|sanad]]'' issued to its ruler Rana Puran Chand by [[Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings|Lord Moira]] the [[Governor-General of India]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of the Simla District |date=1888 |publisher=Punjab Government |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KKxLAQAAIAAJ&dq=jubbal+state+lord+moira&pg=PA20 |access-date=9 July 2022}}</ref> In 1832, the Rana, Puran Chand [[abdication|abdicated]] in favour of the British but the kingdom was restored to his son Karam Chand in 1840. Puran Chand committed suicide in 1843.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brentnall |first1=Mark |title=The Princely and Noble Families of the Former Indian Empire: Himachal Pradesh |date=2004 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=978-81-7387-163-4 |pages=171–177 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ayYbAvECXQwC&dq=jubbal+state&pg=PA171 |access-date=7 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Under Karam Chand's rule, Jubbal emerged as a strong, efficiently run state as he put an end to court intrigues and the overwhelming influence of the state's [[Vizier|wazirs]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brentnall |first1=Mark |title=The Princely and Noble Families of the Former Indian Empire: Himachal Pradesh |date=2004 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=978-81-7387-163-4 |pages=171–177 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ayYbAvECXQwC&dq=jubbal+state&pg=PA171 |access-date=7 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> In 1878, Karam Chand was succeeded to the throne by his son Padam Chand who undertook the construction and repair of several [[Hindu temple]]s in the state.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brentnall |first1=Mark |title=The Princely and Noble Families of the Former Indian Empire: Himachal Pradesh |date=2004 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=978-81-7387-163-4 |pages=171–177 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ayYbAvECXQwC&dq=jubbal+state&pg=PA171 |access-date=7 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Jubbal had a population of 40,000 and annual revenues of 30,000 rupees in 1880.<ref>{{cite book |title=Towelle's Hand Book and Guide to Simila and the Interior |date=1880 |publisher=Station Press |page=92 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7SqedmvmJq0C&dq=jubbal+state&pg=PA92 |access-date=4 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Padam Chand was succeeded by his brother Bhagat Chand in 1910.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Commons |first1=Great Britain Parliament House of |title=Parliamentary Papers |date=1913 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Ec6AQAAIAAJ&q=%22jubbal+state%22 |access-date=7 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> For his staunch support of the [[Indian Army during World War I|British war effort]] in [[World War I]], the [[hereditary title]] of [[Raja]] was conferred on him in 1918 thereby giving the state ceremonial precedence over those states ruled by [[Rana (title)|Ranas]] and it ranked ninth in the [[order of precedence]] among the [[Hill States of India|hill states of the Punjab]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Verma |first1=V. |title=The Emergence of Himachal Pradesh: A Survey of Constitutional Developments |date=1995 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=978-81-7387-035-4 |pages=53–54 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QpWloqN5LTAC&dq=jubbal+state&pg=PA53 |access-date=4 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> In 1924, a [[Hydroelectricity|hydro electric plant]] was established in Jubbal and it became one of the first princely states in India to have electricity. Health and education services were made free by the state and Bhagat Singh also established a college in [[Shimla]] for his subjects.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brentnall |first1=Mark |title=The Princely and Noble Families of the Former Indian Empire: Himachal Pradesh |date=2004 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=978-81-7387-163-4 |pages=171–177 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ayYbAvECXQwC&dq=jubbal+state&pg=PA171 |access-date=7 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Bhagat Chand abdicated in 1946 and was succeeded by Raja Rana Digvijay Chand who became the last regnant monarch of the state.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Princely States before 1947 A–J |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_A-J.html#Jubbal |website=worldstatesmen.org |access-date=4 July 2022}}</ref> The state merged with the Indian Union in 1948 and the Raja joined the [[Indian Foreign Service]] in 1949.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brentnall |first1=Mark |title=The Princely and Noble Families of the Former Indian Empire: Himachal Pradesh |date=2004 |publisher=Indus Publishing |isbn=978-81-7387-163-4 |page=175 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ayYbAvECXQwC&dq=jubbal+state&pg=PA171 |access-date=7 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Himachal Pradesh}}

[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1948]]
[[Category:Princely states of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rathore (clan)]]
[[Category:Rajput history]]

Jubbal State - Revision history

Sylvester41C at 07:59, 24 April 2026