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A '''''{{IAST|jyotiśhāstra}}''''' is a text from a classical body of literature on the topic of [[Hindu astrology]], known as {{IAST|Jyotiṣha}}, dating to the medieval period of [[Classical Sanskrit literature]] (roughly the 3rd to 9th centuries CE)<br />
Only the most important ones exist in scholarly editions or translations, such as the [[Yavanajataka]] (3rd century), [[Brihat Samhitā]] (6th century), [[Brihat Parāśara Horāśāstra]] (7th century) or [[Sārāvalī]] (8th century), while many remain unedited in Sanskrit or vernacular manuscripts.<br />
<br />
Such classical texts should be distinguished from modern works. There are a great number of contemporary publications, reflecting the persisting importance of astrology in [[Hindu culture]], and the corresponding economical attractivity of the market in India.<br />
Notable modern authors include [[Sri Yukteswar Giri]] (1855–1936), [[Bangalore Venkata Raman]] (1912–1998), and Sanjay Rath (b. 1963).<br />
<br />
==Classification==<br />
Pingree classifies as ''jyotihshastra'' ([[shastra|treatises]] on [[jyotisha]]) manuscripts on [[Indian astronomy|astronomy]], [[Indian mathematics|mathematics]], [[Indian astrology|astrology]] and [[divination]], and estimates that about 10% of surviving Sanskrit manuscripts belong to the category. He cites the [[Brihat Samhita]] (1.9) for a traditional tripartite division of subject matter which, in his view, does not cover the field adequately:<ref name="Pingree p1">Pingree (1981) p.1</ref><br />
* '''samhitā''':<ref name="Pingree p1" /> omens<ref name="Pingree p1" /><br />
* '''ganita''':<ref name="Pingree p1" /> astronomy<ref name="Pingree p1" /><br />
* '''horā''':<ref name="Pingree p1" /> astrology<ref name="Pingree p1" /><br />
<br />
This classification is also found as follows: first comes Siddhanta, without correct calculations of Siddhanta, all types of astrology fail.{{Citation needed|date=December 2009}}<br />
* '''Siddhanta''': Mathematical astronomy, determining the correct degrees of planets by pure calculations, calculations for finding start and end of Muhurtas (auspicious/inauspicious periods), finding exact sunrise time/sunset time , finding exact moonrise time/moonset time , finding eclipses time and place, finding exact birth Lagna (rising sign), Science of making almanacs etc..<br />
* '''horā''': astrology (Natal Horoscopy - i.e. Jataka, Interrogative astrology - i.e. Prashna etc.). Another type of astrology is Nadi astrology, i.e. foretelling a person's future (also past lives) though their nerves and veins only.<br />
*'''samhitā''': Collective astrology (Mundane Astrology i.e. Predicting Rains, Draught, Epidemics, Wars, Political ups & downs of a country etc.)<br />
<br />
===Types of texts===<br />
<br />
* Siddhanta<br />
* Karana<br />
* Kosthaka<br />
* Misraka<br />
* Ganita<br />
* Jataka<br />
* Muhurta<br />
* Prashna<br />
* Tajika<br />
* Yatra<br />
* Vivaha<br />
* Nibandha<br />
* Kosa<br />
<br />
==Classical texts{{Citation needed|reason=source???|date=September 2016}}==<br />
<br />
===Treatises on nativity===<br />
<br />
{{col-begin}}<br />
{{col-2}}<br />
* [[Skanda Hora]] or ''Jyotishmati Upanishad'' (God Brahma)<br />
* Brihat Prajapatya (Daksha Prajapati)<br />
* Laghu Prajapatya (Daksha Prajapati)<br />
* Vasishta Hora (Sage Vasishta)<br />
* [[Garga Hora]] (Sage [[Garga (sage)|Garga]])<br />
* Koushika Hora (Sage Viswamitra)<br />
* Sounaka Hora (Sage Sounaka)<br />
* [[Brihat Parasara Horashastra]] (Sage [[Parasara]])<br />
* Surya Hora or Surya Jatakam or Suryaruna Samvadam (Sage Surya)<br />
* Lomasa Samhita (Sage Lomasa)<br />
* [[Jaimini Sutras (Hindu astrology)|Jaimini Sutra]] (Sage [[Jaimini]])<br />
* Brigu Sutra (Sage Brigu)<br />
* Rig [[Vedanga Jyotisha]] (Lagadha)<br />
* Yajur [[Vedanga Jyotisha]] <br />
* Sama [[Vedanga Jyotisha]] <br />
* Atharva [[Vedanga Jyotisha]] or Atma Jyotisha (Kasyapa)<br />
* Yavaneswara Hora or Yavanendrakalpa (Sage Yavaneswara)<br />
* Sphujidhwaja Hora or [[Yavanajataka]] (King Sphujidhwaja)<br />
* Meenaraja Hora or Vriddhayavana Jataka (Poet Meenaraja)<br />
* Vishnugupta Hora (Vishnugupta, also known as Chanakya)<br />
* Satyacharya Hora (Satyacharya)<br />
* Jeevasarma Hora (Jeeva sarma)<br />
* Srutakeerti Hora (Srutakeerti)<br />
* Sidhasena Hora (Sidhasena)<br />
* Maya Hora (Maya, the student of Sage Surya)<br />
{{col-break}}<br />
* MeenarajaHora or Vridha Yavana Hora (King Meenaraja)<br />
* [[Sārāvalī|Saravali]] (Kalyanavarma)<br />
* [[Brihat Jataka]] ([[Varahamihira]])<br />
* [[Phaladeepika]] (Mantreswara)<br />
* [[Hora Sara]] (Prithuyasas)<br />
* [[Sarvartha Chintamani]] (Venkatesa Daivajna)<br />
* [[Hora Ratna]] (Acharya Balabhadra)<br />
* [[Jataka Parijata]] (Vaidyanatha Deekshita)<br />
* [[Chamatkara Chintamani]] (Melpathur Narayana Bhattatiri)<br />
* Kashyapa Hora (Sage Kasyapa)<br />
* (Poorva) Kalamritam (Ganaka Kalidasa)<br />
* [[Uttara Kalamritam]] (Ganaka Kalidasa)<br />
* Suka Nadi<br />
* Deva Keralam or Chandra Kala Nadi (Achyuta)<br />
* [[Tajika Neelakanthi]] ([[Neelakantha (Hindu astrologer)|Neelakantha]])<br />
* Pranasa Anushata Padhati (Sankaran)<br />
* Prasna Ratna<br />
* [[Prasna Marga]] (Panakkattu Nambootiri)<br />
* Prasna Reeti (Edakkadu Kookaniyal Sankaran Kaniyar)<br />
* Daivajna Vallabha ([[Varahamihira]])<br />
* Jataka Sara (Krishna Dasa - Kochcu Krishnan Asan)<br />
* Prasna Sara I (Krishna Dasa - Kochcu Krishnan Asan)<br />
* Kālaprakashika<br />
* [[Dasadhyayi]] ([[Govinda Bhattathiri]])<br />
{{col-end}}<br />
<br />
===Treatises on Hindu electional astrology===<br />
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{{col-3}}<br />
*Adbhuta Sāgar<br />
*Brihannarad<br />
*Brihatdaivygyaranjan<br />
*Brihatjyotisār<br />
*Daivygyamanoranjan Daivygyamanohar Granth<br />
*Ganak Mandan<br />
*Gian Manjari<br />
*Jaganmohan Granth<br />
*Jyotiprakash<br />
*Jyotirnibandh<br />
*Jyotish Ratan<br />
*Jyotishsār<br />
*Jyotish Chintamani<br />
*Jyotirvidabharnam<br />
*Kāl Khanda<br />
*Kāl Nirnaya Deepika<br />
*Kāl Prakashika<br />
*Madhaveeyam<br />
*Muhurtarnava<br />
*Muhurtharathna ([[Govinda Bhattathiri]])<br />
{{col-break}}<br />
*Muhurt Bhaskar<br />
*Muhurt Chintamani (Daivygya Ram)<br />
*Muhurt Chudamani<br />
*Muhurt Darpan<br />
*Muhurt Deepak<br />
*Muhurt Deepika<br />
*Muhurt Ganpati<br />
*Muhurt Kalpadrum<br />
*Muhurt Mālā<br />
*Muhurt Manjari<br />
*Muhurt Martanda<br />
*Muhurt Muktāvali<br />
*Muhurt Prakash<br />
*Muhurt Padavi<br />
*Muhurt Sāgar<br />
*Muhurt Sangraha<br />
*Muhurt Tattva<br />
*Muhurt Tattvapradeep<br />
*Muhurtarnava<br />
*Muktāvali<br />
{{col-break}}<br />
*Narpatijacharyāswarodaya<br />
*Nārdeeya<br />
*Nibandh Chudamani<br />
*Poorva Kālāmrit (2)<br />
*Rajmartanda<br />
*Ratan Koosh<br />
*Ratanmāla<br />
*Samarsār<br />
*Shiv Swarodaya<br />
*Vaivahār Pradeep<br />
*Vivah Kautuhal<br />
*Vivah Patal<br />
*Vivah Pradeep<br />
*Vivah Sār<br />
*Vivah Vrindavan<br />
*Vyvahārochchya<br />
*Yoga Yatra<br />
*Vyvaharsār<br />
*Muhurtha malya<br />
*Adivarahabhigya Sara<br />
{{col-end}}<br />
<br />
===Samhitas – treatises on mundane, portents, omens, meteorology, etc.===<br />
{{col-begin}}<br />
{{col-2}}<br />
*Brahmarshi Samita<br />
*Brihaspati Samhita<br />
*[[Brihat Samhita]]<br />
*Parasara Samhita<br />
*Garga Samhita<br />
*Rishiputra Samhita<br />
*Guru Samhita<br />
*Kashyap Samhita<br />
*Lomasa Samhita<br />
*Mānav Samhita<br />
{{col-break}}<br />
*Nāgarjun Samhita<br />
*Narad Samhita<br />
*Shakalya Samhita<br />
*Samās Samhita<br />
*Samhita Pradeep<br />
*Samhita Sidhhanta<br />
*Satya Samhita<br />
*Sur Samhita<br />
*Vaikhān Samhita<br />
*Vasist Samhita<br />
<br />
{{col-end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*{{IAST|[[Jyotiṣa]]}}<br />
*[[Indian astronomy]]<br />
*[[Vedanga]]<br />
* [[Lal Kitab]]<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
* [[David Pingree]], ''{{IAST|Jyotiḥśāstra}}'', Vol. VI Fasc. 4 of J. Gonda (Ed.) ''A History of Indian Literature'', Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, 1981, {{ISBN|3-447-02165-9}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Jyotihsastra}}<br />
[[Category:Hindu astrological texts]]<br />
[[Category:Published bibliographies|Jyotisha]]<br />
[[Category:Indian literature|Jyotisha]]<br />
[[Category:Sanskrit texts]]</div>
>John of Reading