https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Jyotirishwar_ThakurJyotirishwar Thakur - Revision history2026-07-31T19:49:19ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.4https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Jyotirishwar_Thakur&diff=130485&oldid=prev>KashKarti at 12:56, 5 August 20202020-08-05T12:56:44Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}<br />
'''Jyotirishwar Thakur''' or '''{{IAST|Kaviśekharācārya Jyotirīśvara Ṭhākura}}''' (1290–1350) was a [[Maithil]] poet and an early [[Maithili language|Maithili]] and [[Sanskrit]] writer, known for the ''[[Varna Ratnakara|Varṇa Ratnākara]]'', his encyclopedic work in Maithili.<br />
<br />
==Life ==<br />
Jyotirishwar was son of {{IAST|Rāmeśvara}} and grandson of {{IAST|Dhīreśvara}}. He was the court poet of King [[Harisimhadeva]] of the [[Karnat dynasty]] of Mithila (r. 1300–1324).<br />
<br />
==Major works==<br />
His most significant work in Maithili, the ''{{IAST|Varṇa Ratnākara}}'' (1324) is an encyclopedic work in prose. This work contains descriptions of various subjects and situations. This work provides valuable information about the life and culture of medieval India.<ref>Majumdar 1960, p. 515. "The ''Varṇa Ratnākara'' of Jyotirīśvara Ṭhākura ... was written about 1325. This is a work of set descriptions of various subjects and situations, to supply ready-made ''cliché'' passages to story-tellers ... [it] is important, not only because it gives us specimens of pure Maithilī prose ... but also because it is a store-house of information, conveyed through words, about the life and culture of early Medieval India in all their aspects."</ref> The text is divided into seven ''Kallola''s (waves): {{IAST|Nagara Varṇana}}, {{IAST|Nāyikā Varṇana}}, {{IAST|Asthāna Varṇana}}, {{IAST|Ṛtu Varṇana}}, {{IAST|Prayāṇa Varṇana}}, {{IAST|Bhaṭṭādi Varṇana}} and {{IAST|Śmaśāna Varṇana}}. An incomplete list of 84 [[Siddha]]s is found in the text, which consists only 76 names. A manuscript of this text is preserved in the Asiatic Society, Kolkata (ms. no 4834 of Asiatic Society of Bengal).<ref>Shastri, Haraprasad (ed.) (2006). ''Hajar Bacharer Purano Bangala Bhasay Bauddhagan O Doha'' (in Bengali) Kolkata: Bangiya sahitya Parishad, pp.35-6</ref><br />
<br />
His major Sanskrit play, the ''{{IAST|Dhūrta Samāgama}}'' (The Meeting of the Knaves) (1320) is a two act ''Prahasana'' (comedy). The play relates the contest between a religious mendicant {{IAST|Viśvanagara}} and his disciple {{IAST|Durācāra}} over a lovely courtesan {{IAST|Anaṅgasenā}} whom the Brahmin arbitrator {{IAST|Asajjātimiśra}} keeps for himself.<ref>Majumdar 1960, p. 471. "[Describing erotic and farcical Sanskrit literature:] ''Dhūrtasamāgama'' is a ''Prahasana'' by Jyotirīśvara Ṭhākura ... c. 1320 ... The play relates the contest between a religious mendicant Viśvanagara and his pupil Durāchāra over a lovely courtesan Anaṅgasenā , whom the Brāhmaṇa arbitrator Asajjāti keeps for himself."</ref> Superior characters in this drama speak in Sanskrit, inferior characters speak in Prakrit and the songs are in Maithili.<ref>Jha, V.N. (2003). ''Sanskrit Writings in Independent India'', New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, {{ISBN|81-260-1812-7}}, p.179</ref> <br />
<br />
His another Sanskrit work, the ''{{IAST|Pañcasāyaka}}'' (Five Arrows) in five parts deals with the same topics which are dealt in the other standard works on the ''[[Kama Sutra|{{IAST|Kāmaśāstra}}]]''.<ref>Majumdar 1960, p. 488. "The ''Pañchasāyaka'' by Jyotirīśvara Ṭhākura ... epitomises in five parts all that is said in standard works on Kāmaśāstra."</ref><br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
# Chatterji S.K. and S.K. Mishra (ed.) (1940). ''{{IAST|Varṇa Ratnākara}} of {{IAST|Jyotirīśvara}}'', ''Bibliotheca Indica'', Calcutta: The Asiatic Society.<br />
# [[R. C. Majumdar|Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra]]; Pusalker, A. D.; Majumdar, A. K., eds. (1960). ''[[The History and Culture of the Indian People]]''. VI: The Delhi Sultanate. Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://ignca.nic.in/sanskrit/dhurta_samagama.pdf The {{IAST|Dhūrta Samāgama}} text]<br />
* [http://books2.scholarsportal.info/viewdoc.html?id=/ebooks/oca5/26/dhrtasamgama00jyotuoft {{IAST|Dhrtasamgama By Jyotirvara on scholarsportal}} pdf]<br />
* [http://catalogue-old.ngmcp.uni-hamburg.de/wiki/A_346-17_Dh%C5%ABrtasam%C4%81gaman%C4%81%E1%B9%ADaka {{IAST|Dhūrtasamāgamanāṭaka catelogue A 346-17}} ]<br />
* [http://catalogue-old.ngmcp.uni-hamburg.de/wiki/B_15-12_Dh%C5%ABrtasam%C4%81gaman%C4%81%E1%B9%ADaka {{IAST|Dhūrtasamāgamanāṭaka catelogue B 15-12}} ]<br />
* [https://archive.org/details/pacasyaka00jyot/page/n1 {{IAST|Pañcasyaka}} ]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Maithili literature]]<br />
[[Category:People from Bihar]]<br />
[[Category:1350 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:1290 births]]</div>>KashKarti