>MarnetteD at 20:09, 25 November 2021

2021-11-25T20:09:04Z

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{{short description|Indian revolutionary}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = K. C. S. Mani
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Konattumatam Chidambara Iyer Subrahmania Iyer
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1922|03|02}}
| birth_place = [[Ambalappuzha]], [[Travancore]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1987|09|20|1922|03|02}}
| death_place = [[Pulayanarkotta]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| resting_place =
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| monuments =
| nationality = Indian
| other_names =
| citizenship =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
| years_active =
| organization =
| agent =
| known_for = Attempt of assassination on [[C. P. Ramaswamy Iyer]]
| title =
| term =
| party = [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]
| movement =
| opponents =
| spouse = Lalithammal
| partner =
| children =
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| website = 
| footnotes =
}}

'''Konattu Madam Chidambara Iyer Subrahmania Iyer''', known better as '''K. C. S. Mani''' (2 March 1922 - 20 September 1987), was a [[socialist]] activist of [[Kerala]] who is known for his attempt of assassination on [[C. P. Ramaswamy Iyer]], the then [[Dewan|Diwan]] of [[Travancore]], a [[princely state]] in India.<ref name = "HinduFeb27">[https://web.archive.org/web/20080310204440/http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/27/stories/2008022752550300.htm The Hindu 27-2-2008.]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080306154222/http://www.hindu.com/2008/03/03/stories/2008030367640300.htm The Hindu 3-3-2008.]</ref><ref name="yentha.com">[http://www.yentha.com/news/view/4/1149 Yentha.com Interview Of The Week: Swathanthra Bharath Ki Jai, Interview with K. E. Mammen]</ref> This incident was a turning point in the history of Kerala, forcing the Diwan to leave Travancore and flee to [[Madras]] after assenting to merge Travancore with the [[Dominion of India|Union of India]].

== Historical background ==
In July 1947, preparation were in progress in India for the transfer of power from the British colonial rule. All [[princely state]]s in India were given a choice to either remain independent, or join either of the states of [[India]] or [[Pakistan]]. [[C. P. Ramaswamy Iyer]], an efficient ruler, but showing signs of dictatorship, wanted to have [[Travancore]] in his clutches. He chose to make [[Travancore]] a sovereign state, with full executive powers vested on the Diwan. He declared this intention in his ''American model constitution''. There were oppositions from all quarters. The Diwan chose to suppress the revolts with raw power. On 18 July 1947, [[Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma]], the Maharaja of Travancore, on advise of the Diwan, made the declaration that, Travancore will announce sovereignty on the 26 August.<ref name = "Nossiter">[https://books.google.com/books?id=8CSQUxVjjWQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Communism+in+Kerala:+A+study+of+political+adaptation&source=bl&ots=59VmsI8mDr&sig=v3BT-Z9Aao_Xl1sLHpztsdZxSGE&hl=en&ei=yDKRTZegFYSucJKkhTw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false Communism in Kerala: A study of political adaptation, by Thomas J Nossiter, Royal Institute of International Affairs, Page 92]</ref>

== Assassination attempt ==
On 25 July 1947, then 25-year old Mani attacked the Diwan in front of the erstwhile Music Academy (now the [[Swathi Thirunal College of Music]]) in [[Thiruvananthapuram]], following a concert in the evening.<ref name="yentha.com" /> Ramaswamy Iyer was wounded. Following the incident on 25 July, the Maharaja informed the [[Viceroy of India]] of the decision to join the [[Dominion of India|Union of India]].<ref name = "Nossiter" /> On 19 August 1947, C. P. Ramaswamy Iyer formally resigned as Diwan.<ref name = "Nossiter" />

== Later life ==
After the independence, Mani served as a member of the local [[panchayat]] for more than a decade.<ref name="workersforum">[http://workersforum.blogspot.com/2010/07/blog-post_25.html workersforum.blogspot.com കെ. സി. എസ്. മണി - വിപ്ളവകാരികളിലെ ഒറ്റയാന്‍]</ref> He also contested to the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Kuttanad]] constituency in 1965, as an independent candidate (not the nominee of any political party, But RSP leaders have instructed him to submit the nomination, So he can be considered as an RSP Candidate), but without success.<ref name="workersforum" /><ref>[http://www.geocities.ws/keralaforum/1965.htm Geocities.ws (Geocities Archive), KeralaForum, 1965 Kerala Election Results]</ref>

Mani felt alienated by the [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|party]] as well as the state in the later years of his life.<ref name = "HinduFeb27" /> He spent his last days abandoned and struggling with diseases.<ref name="workersforum" /> When he suffered from loneliness, he found a solace in devotion. It is also said that the feeling of guilt affected him deeply. During some nights, after Ambalapuzha temple was closed, he conducted 'sayana pradakshinam' around the temple. Sometimes, he went to [[Sabarimala]] without informing anyone. Mani died on September 20, 1987, at an age of 65, in the Chest Diseases Hospital, [[Pulayanarkotta]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref name="workersforum" /> He was cremated in his home premises on the next day. His brother-in-law conducted the rituals. The place where he was cremated is now part of railway line. His wife Lalitha outlived him for 30 years, dying on June 14, 2017, aged 77.

== Cultural depictions ==
* T. Sivasubramania Iyer, played by [[Mohanlal]] in [[Rakthasakshikal Sindabad]] (1998).

== References ==
<references />

==Further reading==
* Sir C. P.ye vadhikan sramicha K. C. S. Mani by Yedukula Kumar G. 1997, published by DC Books

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mani, K. C. S.}}
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:Indian socialists]]
[[Category:Malayali politicians]]
[[Category:People from Alappuzha district]]
[[Category:Failed assassins]]
[[Category:1922 births]]
[[Category:1987 deaths]]

K. C. S. Mani - Revision history

>MarnetteD at 20:09, 25 November 2021