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{{short description|Indian scholar (1918–2017)}}
{{Infobox scholar
| honorific_prefix = '''[[Mahamahopadhyaya]]'''
| name = Krishnacharya Tamanacharya Pandurangi
| image = K T Pandurangi.png
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date ={{Birth date|1918|12|1}}
| birth_place = [[Dharwad]], [[Karnataka]]
| death_date ={{Death date and age|2017|04|22|1918|12|1}}
| death_place = [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]]
| other_names =
| known_for =
| spouse = Susheela
| children = two daughters; three sons
| occupation = Scholar, Professor
| workplaces = [[Bangalore University]]
| discipline = Sansrit language,Hindu Dvaita Philosophy and Studies
| main_interests =[[Vedanta]], [[Hindu philosophy]]
|alma_mater= [[Maharaja's College, Mysore]] <br/> [[Banares Hindu University]]
|awards = 1989 : [[Rashtrapati Award]] <br/> 2007: [[Rajyotsava Award]]
}}

'''Krishnacharya Tamanacharya Pandurangi''' (1 December 1918 – 21 April 2017), also known by the pen name '''Viswamangala''', was an Indian [[Sanskrit]] scholar and a notable [[Indologist]]. Prof.Pandurangi was unique among contemporary Sanskrit scholars, being simultaneously at home among both traditional and modern systems of education. In 1989, the [[Government of India]] honoured him with the [[Rashtrapati Award]] for his contributions to literature and research.<ref name="veda">{{cite book|title=Veda as word|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foxjAAAAMAAJ|author=Śaśiprabhā Kumāra|publisher=Indian Council of Philosophical Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University|accessdate=1 January 2007|page=271|isbn = 9788124603765|date = January 2007}}</ref>

Krishnacharya's students included such renowned Sanskrit scholars as D. Prahladachar, former [[Vice Chancellor]], [[Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha]], [[Tirupati]]; [[V. R. Panchamukhi]], Indian [[Economist]]; [[Vyasanakere Prabhanjanacharya]].<ref name="veda"/>

==Biography==
Krishnacharya was born on 1 December 1918 in a family of Sanskrit scholars to Tamanacharya Pandurangi and Lakshmi Bai in [[Dharwad]], [[Karnataka]]. He studied up to 7th standard in the local school and then studied [[Sanskrit]] in the Sankaracharya Patasala at [[Dharwad]]. His further higher education was in Patasalas as well; from [[Dharwad]] to [[Sangli]] Patasala; from [[Sangli]] to [[Mysore]] Patasala and so on. In 1936 at the age of 18 he moved to [[Mysore]]. Within four years he had completed the study of [[Nyaya]] and [[Vedanta]] there.<ref name="veda"/> At Patasala, he learnt [[Nyaya|Nyaya Shastra]] under Dharapuram Krishnamurthi Acharya. At other times he went to the residence of the same Acharya and learnt [[Vedanta]] at home. He practised this kind of double-study under other [[scholar]]s, including Kasipranesa Acharya, Chaturvedi Ramachandracharya, Doddaballapur Vasudevacharya, Nerur Krishnacharya, Ardikoppam Subramanya Shastry, Channa Kesava Shastry and others. In 1940, at the age of 22, he joined the Oriental department of [[Annamalai University]] and [[Maharaja's College, Mysore]], where he studied [[Purva Mimamsa]] under such reputed scholars as Dr. [[B. N. K. Sharma]]. He also holds [[Bachelor of Arts]] and [[Master of Arts]] degrees from [[Banares Hindu University]].<ref name="toi">{{cite news|title=Sanskrit scholar K. T. Pandurangi dies at 99|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/sanskrit-scholar-kt-pandurangi-dies-at-99/articleshow/58320721.cms|publisher=Times of India|access-date=24 April 2017}}</ref>

==Career==
Prof. Pandurangi served as professor in [[Karnatak College Dharwar|Karnatak College, Dharwar]] for twelve years and in Government College, [[Bangalore]] for six years. Later he joined as head of the postgraduate Sanskrit department at [[Bangalore University]].<ref name="toi"/>

He was a member of the [[Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan]] and the Central Sanskrit Board. He was a Senior Fellow of the [[Indian Council of Philosophical Research]] and served as President of the Mythic Society, Bangalore for twelve years. He served as Kulapati of Poornaprajna Vidyapeetha and also served as honorary director of the Dvaita Vedanta Foundation at Bangalore.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sEX11ZyjLpYC&pg=PA200|title=Pride of India: A Glimpse Into India's Scientific Heritage|publisher=SAMSKRITA BHARATI|year=2006|page=200|isbn=9788187276272}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Sanskrit Studies in India: On the Occasion of 10th World Sanskrit Conference, Bangalore, Jan 3-9, 1997|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tW5jAAAAMAAJ|page=158|author=Kamla Kanta Mishra|publisher=Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan|year=1997}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Journal of Oriental Research, Madras, Volumes 47-55|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7GljAAAAMAAJ|page=xviii|publisher=Kuppuswami Sastri Research Institute, Mylapore|year=1989}}</ref> Pandurangi visited [[Germany]], [[England]], [[Austria]] and the [[United States]], delivering lectures on [[Purva Mimamsa]] and [[Vedanta]]. He also guided many foreign scholars who had come to [[India]] in subjects like Prakarana Panchika, [[Ramayana]], Uttara Ramacharita, Panchapadika, [[Anu Vyakhyana]], [[Pāṇini]]'s [[Aṣṭādhyāyī]], Vishnu Tatva Nirnaya, Karma Nirnaya and other topics of [[Dvaita Vedanta]].

==Academic accomplishments==
Prof. Pandurangi was highly regarded as a scholar. He studied [[Nyaya]], [[Vedanta]] and [[Mīmāṃsā]], erning degrees in both philosophy and [[literature]].

He also had extensive knowledge of orthodox Hindu rituals and Vedanta. His scholarship in various [[darśana]]s of orthodox Indian philosophy earned him titles such as Vedanta Vidwan, Mimamsa Siromani, Darsanaratna and Mimamsa Bhushana.<ref>{{cite book|title=Saints of Karnataka|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VrTRAAAAMAAJ|page=47|publisher=Chinmaya Mission|year=1981}}</ref>

For 35 years, he taught [[Sanskrit]] and [[Indian philosophy]] at the [[Graduation|graduate]] and [[Postgraduate education|postgraduate]] level, retiring in the year 1979. He delivered lectures on [[Indian philosophy|Philosophy]] & [[Sanskrit]] at universities, at [[The Indian Institute of World Culture]], and at Gokhale Institute. After retirement, he guided research students, including students from the [[United Kingdom]], [[Germany]], [[Japan]], and the [[United States]], for Ph.D, M.Phil and Vidya Varidhi degrees, also serving as Examiner for more than a dozen Ph.D theses submitted in various universities in India. For 20 years (1980 to 2000) he had short-term assignments in five academic centres: [[Bangalore University]] (4 years), [[Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan]], [[Delhi]] (4 years), [[Indian Council of Philosophical Research]] (3 years), Gandhi Centre for Science and Human values, [[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan]], [[Bangalore]] (4 years), Project of History of Indian Science, Philosophy and Culture (for 5 years).

Prof. Pandurangi organised 12 conferences and seminars, and served as the Kulapati, Poorna Prajna Vidyapeeeta, Bangalore.

==Works==
The Dvaita Vedanta Studies and Research Foundation has published many invaluable books by Pandurangi, some of which extend to several volumes. He published and edited rare works on [[Vedanta]] and [[Purva mimamsa|Poorva - Meemamsa]], translating some of them into [[English language|English]] and [[Kannada]]. Some of the notable works are listed here:<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a9X1AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA267|title=Hindu Theology in Early Modern South Asia: The Rise of Devotionalism and the Politics of Genealogy|page=267|author=Kiyokazu Okita|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2014|isbn=9780198709268}}</ref><ref>*{{Cite book|title=Madhva's Philosophy of the Viṣṇu Faith|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GITXAAAAMAAJ|first=Helmuth von|last=Glasenapp|publisher=Dvaita Vedanta Studies and Research Foundation|year=1992|page=244}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lbMyBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA404|title=World Philology|page=404|author1=Sheldon Pollock|author2=Benjamin A. Elman|author3=Ku-ming Kevin Chang|date=5 January 2015|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=9780674052864|accessdate=5 January 2015}}</ref>

===Commentaries===
* Bhatta Sangraha [[Raghavendra Tirtha]] (in 3 vols.)
* Ṛgbhāṣyam of Sri [[Madhvacharya]] ( 2 volumes).
* Nyayamrta and Advaita Siddhi (in 3 volumes).
* Tātparya Chandrika of [[Vyasatirtha]] (3 vols.)
* Brahmāsūtrabhāṣya with 8 commentaries (in 7 vols.)
* Nyāya Sudhā with 5 commentaries (in 12 vols.)
* Bhāgavata with 2 commentaries (in 12 vols.)
* Tarka Tāṇḍava of [[Vyasatirtha]]
* Pramana Paddhati of [[Jayatirtha]]

===Translations===
* ''Principal Upanishads'' ([[Mukhya Upanishads|Ten Upanishads]] in 2 vols.) - ([[English language|English]])
* {{IAST|Viṣṇutattvavinirṇaya}} of [[Jayatirtha]] - ([[English language|English]])
* {{IAST|Viṣṇutattvavinirṇaya}} of [[Jayatirtha]] - ([[Kannada language|Kannada]])
* {{IAST|Anu Bhāṣya}} of [[Madhvacharya]] - ([[Kannada language|Kannada]])
* ''Tattva Manjari'' of [[Raghavendra Tirtha]] - ([[Kannada language|Kannada]]).
* {{IAST|Gītā Tātparya Nirnaya}} of [[Madhvacharya]] -([[Kannada language|Kannada]]).

===Independent works===
====Sanskrit====
*Nabhovaniroopakaani - a collection of four radio plays
*Kaavyaanjalihi - an anthology of poems
*Raveendraroopakaani - an adaptation of [[Ravindranath Tagore]]’s four plays
*Purandaravachanaani - an adaptation of [[Purandara Dasa]]’s one hundred sayings
*Sarvajnavachanaani.

====Kannada====
*Kaavyashaastra Vinoda - Critical essays on the works of poets [[Kalidasa]], [[Bhavabhuti]], Kshemishvara etc.
*Sanskrita Kavayatriyaru - an introduction of thirty two poetesses of [[Sanskrit]]
*Kalidaasana Soundaryadrishti

==Awards and honours==
*In 1989, he was honoured with [[Rashtrapati Award]] by the [[Government of India]]
*In 1997, he was honoured with the title of “[[Mahamahopadhyaya]]” by the [[Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha]]
*In 2007, he was awarded [[Rajyotsava Awards (2007)|Rajyotsava Award]] by the [[Government of Karnataka]]
*In 2015, he was honoured with Vyasajyothi Award<ref>{{cite news|title=Vyasajyothi Award for K.T. Pandurangi|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/vyasajyothi-award-for-kt-pandurangi/article7471916.ece|work=The Hindu|accessdate=28 July 2015}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
*[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.382902/mode/1up Brahma Sutra Bhashya - Vol. 1], [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.382903/mode/1up Vol. 2], [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.382904/mode/1up Vol. 3], [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.382905/mode/1up Vol. 4], [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.382906/mode/1up Vol. 5], [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.382909/mode/2up Vol. 6 (Sanskrit)]

==External links==
* K. T. Pandurangi at [http://ksu.ac.in/en/kt-pandurangi/ Karnataka Samskrita University]
* K. T. Pandurangi at [https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1134079?c=people National Library of Australia]
* K. T. Pandurangi at [https://archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3A%22Prof.K.T.Pandurangi%22 Archive.org]
* K. T. Pandurangi at [https://www.loc.gov/books/?all=true&fa=language:sanskrit%7Ccontributor:pandurangi,+ke.+ti.+%28krsnacarya+tamanacarya%29&st=slideshow Library of Congress]
* K. T. Pandurangi at [https://library.ochs.org.uk/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=au:Pandurangi,%20Krishnacharya%20Tamanacharya, Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies Library]

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Recipients of the Rashtrapati Award]]
[[Category:Sanskrit writers]]
[[Category:Indian Sanskrit scholars]]
[[Category:1918 births]]
[[Category:2017 deaths]]

K. T. Pandurangi - Revision history

GiseleStead at 23:15, 7 February 2026