>Pratyk321 at 06:55, 7 July 2021

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{{one source|date=July 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
[[File:Halasi 10.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Bhuvaraha Narasimha temple [[Halasi]], [[Karnataka]]]]
'''Kadamba architecture''' was a style of temple architecture founded by [[Mayurasharma]] in the 4th century AD in [[Karnataka]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web
|url= http://www.kamat.com/database/content/architecture/16247.htm
|title=Kadamba Style Temple Architecture
|access-date=2011-07-22
}}</ref> [[Kadambas]] created ''new style of architecture which was the basis of the Hoysalas style'' of architecture,
developed original school of sculpture, was the forerunner of series of South Indian sculptors.<ref>{{cite book
|url= https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Kadamba_Kula.html?id=RUX8-PzWohgC&redir_esc=y
|title=The Kadamba Kula A History of Ancient and Mediaeval Karnataka Reprint Bombay 1931 Edition -Preface
|publisher= by George M. Moraes, H. Heras S.J.(Asian Educational Services).
|access-date=2013-08-26
}}</ref> Many temples at [[Aihole]], [[Badami]] and [[Hampi]] are built in Kadamba style.

== History ==
{{Main|Kadamba Dynasty|Kadamba of Hangal|Kadambas of Halasi|Political history of medieval Karnataka#Kadambas and Gangas}}

During 345 AD to 525 AD, the ancient royal dynasty of Karnataka, the [[Kadambas]] made early contribution to the [[architecture of Karnataka]] and they are the originators.<ref>{{cite web
|url= http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/deccan/kadamba.htm
|title=Kadambas of Banavasi
|access-date=2011-07-22
}}</ref>

==Kadamba art==
[[File:Doddagaddavalli Lakshmidevi temple1 retouched.JPG|thumb|right|200px|[[Lakshmi Devi temple, Doddagaddavalli]]]]

The most prominent feature of Kadamba architecture was Shikara called Kadamba Shikara.
The tower rises in steps without any decoration (pyramid shaped shikara) with pinnacle (Stupika or Kalasha) on top.
The Kadamba temples ''vimana'' usually square in plan, the tower is pyramidal shape and constitutes
a series of horizontal step stages decorated with uniform series of quadrangular vertical projections
and covering vestibules attached to vimana, The stages are more numerous and less elevated, devoid of pavilion ornamentation.

Kadamba's architecture and sculpture contributed to the foundation of ''Chalukya-Hoysala style''.

* [[Lakshmi Devi temple, Doddagaddavalli]]
* [[Halasi#Bhoo Varaha Laxmi Narasimha Temple|Bhoo Varaha Laxmi Narasimha Temple Halasi]]

==Temples in Kadamba architectural style==
[[File:Two Shiva temples on Hemakuta hill at Hampi.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Two Shiva temples on ''Hemakuta hill'' at [[Hampi]]]]
[[File:Mallikarjuna group of temples at Badami.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Mallikarjuna group of temples at [[Badami]]]]
[[File:Mahakuta group of temples2 at Mahakuta.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A shrine with [[Kadamba Dynasty|Kadamba]] style superstructure at [[Mahakuta]]]]
[[File:Aihole temples 2.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Ruined temple at [[Aihole]] near Durga temple, in Kadamba style]]
The 5th century monuments at [[Halasi]] are the oldest surviving ''Kadamba structure''.
The most prominent feature is the ''Kadamba Shikara'' with a ''Kalasa'' on top.
In [[Belgaum district]], Hattikeshwara, Kalleshwara and Someshwara temples at [[Halasi]] and group of temples at Kadaroli illustrates the Kadamba architecture. The old [[Jain]] basadi containing a sanctum and a [[sukanasi]] at Halasi the most ancient stone temple in Karnataka. Kadamba architecture constituted an important link between the [[Shatavahana]]s, [[Pallavas]] and [[Chalukyas]] architecture. Kadamba architecture elements in [[Hoysala]] Architecture.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.banavasitourism.com/history.html
|title=Kadamba Architecture - Banavasi
|access-date=2013-08-23
}}</ref>

; [[Aihole]]
Many temples at [[Aihole]] including Ramlingesvara temple Complex, Badigergudi temple and small shrines at Durga temple complex, Tryambakeshwara temple complex, ruined temple at Mallikarjuna temple complex, shrines at Jyotirlinga temple complex, small temple at Hucchimalli temple complex, ruined temples Galaganatha temple complex and many temples along the [[Malaprabha River]] are built in Kadamba architectural (Shikhara) style.

; [[Badami]]
Kadamba style Mallikarjuna group of temples and [[Bhutanatha group of temples, Badami|Bhutanatha group of temples]][http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Badami_bhutanada_temple1.JPG](temple on adjacent small hill top) at [[Badami]].

; [[Hampi]]
Including Jain temples and two Shiva temples and many ruined temples on [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hemakuta_temple_hill_complex Hemakuta hill] at [[Hampi]] built in Kadamba style of architecture.

; [[Mahakuta]]
There are many shrines with Kadamba superstructure at [[Mahakuta]] including Bhimeshwara ling temple, newly renovated temple outside main temple complex.

; Bandalike
There are many temples and Basadis at Bandalike (Bandalika), it is about 35 km from [[Shikaripura]] including Shantinath basadi, Sahasralinga temple and Someshwara threemurthy temples those are of Rastrakutas and Kadambas period, temples built in Kadamba style of architecture.

; Belgaum district
* [[Kamala Narayana Temple, Degaon (Degamve / Devgram)]]
* The [http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/g/largeimage62830.html Ruined temple at Konnur] is 4 km from Gokak falls.
* Kamala basadi<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://kamalbasti.com/
|title=Kamal Basti has Kadamba Nagara shikara
|access-date=2013-08-23
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112111817/http://kamalbasti.com/
|archive-date=12 January 2014
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> at [[Belagavi]]
* Bhutnath temple Torgal (Torgal Fort) near Munvalli in Belgaum district.
* Panchlingeshwara Temple Munavalli Belgaum district has Kadamba shikhara.
* Ramalingaeshwara temple at [[Bailhongal]]
* There are few ruined temples at [[Hooli]] with Kadamba shikhara.
* The ruined temple beside the river at [http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/o/largeimage62836.html Kadaroli] has the Kadamba style shikara.
* Temples at [[Halasi]] and Ramtheerth temple a top of the hill near [[Halasi]]

;Uttara Kannada district
* Including Madhukeshwara temple and Parvati temple many other temples at [[Banavasi]] has Kadamba style architecture (Shikhara).
* ''Ratnatraya Basti'' at Bilgi a small village near [[Siddapura, Uttara Kannada]] district of Karnataka.
* The 12th and 14th century AD Shankara Narayana temple [https://archive.today/20130827163827/http://www.sdmdharmothanatrust.org/Pages/Districts/14_Uttar_Kannada/Haliyur/SitePlan.htm] at Haliyur and Venkataramana Swamy temple [https://archive.today/20130827163740/http://www.sdmdharmothanatrust.org/Pages/Districts/14_Uttar_Kannada/Muttinkare/SitePlan.htm] at Muttinkere near Sonda in Sirsi taluk of Uttarkannada district.
* Mallikarjuna Temple at [[Haliyal]].

; Hassan district
* Yoga Narasimha temple at Holalu in Hassan district
* The Kadamba ''Bettada Byreshwara'' Shiva temple built in black stone near ''Hanbal'' a hill station of [[Sakleshpur]] (in Western Ghats) in Hassan district.
* The Kadamba style Keerthinarayana temple [https://web.archive.org/web/20091125131001/http://www.sdmdharmothanatrust.org/Pages/Districts/08_Hassan/SitePlan.htm] is at Heragu in Hassan district.

;Gadag district
[[File:Lakshmeshwara Old Jain temple 1.jpg|thumb|Jain temple at Lakshmeshwara]]
* The old [[Lakshmeshwara Jain temple|Jain temple]] at [[Lakshmeshwara]] has Kadamba shikara.
* Trilingeshwara temple at Hosur in Gadag district
* Narasimha temple Gadag, veera narayana temple complex Gadag

; Haveri district
* The Kere Someshwara Temple at Kalakeri in Hangal taluk of Haveri district,<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/01/24/stories/2008012454870800.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080129231310/http://www.hindu.com/2008/01/24/stories/2008012454870800.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=2008-01-29
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|title=Six chosen for development as ‘Heritage Cities’ in State
|date=2008-01-24
|access-date=2013-09-03
}}</ref> is in Kadamba style architecture (Shikhara).
* Basavann Temple in the [[Chaudayyadanapura]] Mukteshwara temple complex, Haveri District.
* Narasimha temple Narasapura near [[Chaudayyadanapura]], Haveri District.
* Veerabhadra temple Hale Honatti in Ranebennur taluk of Haveri district

;Chikmagalur district
* The Kadamba style ''Bhairaveshwara Temple at Byrapura'', 22 km from [[Mudigere]] (in western ghats) in Chikmagalur district near to Kukke Subramanya.
* Prasanna Rameshwara Temple Devarunda, Mudigere in Chikmagalur district
* Malahanikareshvara, Bhavani temples [[shringeri]].

; Other parts of Karnataka
* The 12th century AD Shiva temple at Udri Shimoga [https://web.archive.org/web/20131029213634/http://asibengalurucircle.org/images/shimoga-26-big.jpg]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://asibengalurucircle.org/shimoga-26.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=25 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029214354/http://asibengalurucircle.org/shimoga-26.html |archive-date=29 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> built in Kadamba style architecture.
* Mallikarjuna Temple and Neelakanteshwara Temple, Kalasi
* Tryambakeshwara temple (Trikutachala) with Kadamba Shikhara at Kavital in Manvi taluk in Raichur district.
* Jain temple [http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-EAgAwhS-b34/UZhvUEZE5OI/AAAAAAAASzU/s9HGxmJnV3c/s1600/08+Brahmagiri+Jain+temple.jpg] at [[Brahmagiri (hill), Karnataka|Brahmagiri]] hill in Chitradurga district.

; Other parts of India
;Maharashtra
* [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kolhapur_Panchaganga_Temples.JPG Panchaganga Temple] at Kolhapur built in Kadamba style.
* Mahabaleshwar Temple, Krishnai Temple [[Mahabaleshwar]] in Maharashtra
* Kaneri math kadamba style is in Karveer tehsil in Kolhapur district in Maharashtra

;Andhra Pradesh
* Temples at Srisailam built during Vijayanagara empire (by ''Harihara Raya'') has Kadamba Shikhara.

[[Telangana]]
* Papanasi group of temples at [[Alampur, Mahbubnagar|Alampur]] dedicated to Joglamba devi are built in Kadamba style architecture.
* [http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/someshwara-temple-to-shine-soon/article5132035.ece Chaya Someshwara temple] at Panagal in Nalgonda.
* [[Ramappa]] temple in Mulug district
* Thousand pillar temple in Warangal

==Chalukya-Kadamba architectural style==
* The Uma Maheshwara temple<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/renovation-work-of-uma-maheshwara-temple-begins/article1782335.ece
|title=Renovation work of Uma Maheshwara temple begins
|access-date=2013-08-27
}}</ref> at ''Hosagunda'' in Sagar taluk of Shimoga district.

==Hoysala-Kadamba architectural style==
* [[Ikkeri temple|Aghoreshwara Temple at Ikkeri]]
* Late Hoysala Trikutachala temple built in granite has Kadamba Nagara shikhara.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://asibengalurucircle.org/hassan-1.html
|title=CHANNAKESVA TEMPLE TOGETHER WITH ADJACENT
|access-date=2013-08-27
|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130827102627/http://asibengalurucircle.org/hassan-1.html
|archive-date=27 August 2013
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>
* The Eshwara Temple at ''Malali'' (Holenarasipura Taluk) in Hassan district in Karnataka, an early Hoysala structure with Kadamba Nagara style shikara.
* [[Lakshmi Devi temple, Doddagaddavalli]] built by Hoysala.

==Kadamba-Yadava architectural style==
* [[Mahadev Temple, Tambdi Surla]]<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.goa.gov.in/knowgoa/whattosee.html
|title=Goa - Tambdi Surla Temple - Kadamba-Yadava architecture
|access-date=2013-08-23
}}</ref>

==Temples with this style==
* [[Ananta Vasudeva Temple]]
* [[Champakesvara Siva Temple]]
* [[Lingaraja Temple]]
* [[Mangalesvara Siva Temple]]
* [[Purvesvara Siva Temple]]
* [[Rajarani Temple]]
* [[Yameshwar Temple]]
* [[Mahavinayak Temple]]
* [[Baladevjew Temple]]
*[[Ramappa]] Temple
*[[Thousand Pillar Temple]]

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=32em}}
* [[Hindu temple architecture]]
* [[Architecture of Karnataka]]
* [[Badami Chalukya Architecture]]
* [[Western Chalukya architecture|Gadag style of Architecture]]
* [[Rashtrakuta Dynasty#Architecture|''Karnata Dravida architectural style'' of Rashtrakuta]]
* [[Vesara|Karnataka Dravida architectural style]]
* [[Hemadpanthi]] and [[Hemadpant]]
* [[Shikhara]]
* [[Halasi]], [[Hangal]], [[Banavasi]]
{{div col end}}

==Gallery of Kadamba Shikhara==
<gallery mode=packed>
File:Mallikarjuna group of temples at Badami.jpg|Mallikarjuna group of temples at [[Badami]]
File:banavasi1.jpg|Madhukeshwara Temple at [[Banavasi]]
File:Goa2009p051-600x401.jpg|Mahadev Tambdi Surla [[Goa]]
File:Halasi 10.jpg|Bhuvaraha Narasimha temple [[Halasi]]
File:Two Shiva temples on Hemakuta hill at Hampi.JPG|Two Shiva temples on Hemakuta hill at [[Hampi]]
File:Virupaksha, Hampi.jpg|Kadamba temples on Hemakuta hill at Hampi near Virupaksha temple
File:Chaudayyadanapura Mukteshwara temple 3.jpg|Temple in the [[Chaudayyadanapura]] Mukteshwara temple complex
File:Narasimha temple Narasapura near Chaudayyadanapura 3.jpg|Narasimha temple Narasapura near [[Chaudayyadanapura]], Haveri District, Karnataka
File:Degaon 25.jpg | [[Kamala Narayana Temple]] at Degaon
File:Aihole temples 2.jpg | Ruined temple at [[Aihole]] with Kadamba tower
File:Stone curved kalasa.jpg | Stone curved kalasa, Chandragiri Hill at [[Shravanabelagola]]
File:Lakshmeshwara Old Jain temple 1.jpg|[[Lakshmeshwara]] Old Jain temple
File:Kamala basadi belagavi 1.jpg| Kamala basadi [[Belagavi]]
File:Historical temple Hooli 6.jpg|Ruined temple at [[Hooli]]
</gallery>
{{commons category|Hemakuta temple hill complex}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Architecture of Karnataka}}
{{Architecture of India}}
{{History of architecture}}

[[Category:Architectural styles]]
[[Category:Architecture of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian architectural history]]
[[Category:Cultural history of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Architecture of India]]
[[Category:Kadambas]]
[[Category:Culture of Karnataka]]

Kadamba architecture - Revision history

>Pratyk321 at 06:55, 7 July 2021