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[[File:Halasi 10.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Bhuvaraha Narasimha temple Halasi, [[Karnataka]]]]
{{Karnataka History}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
The '''Kadambas of Halasi''' was a [[South India]]n dynasty during the [[Classical India|Late Classical period]] on the [[Indian subcontinent]], which originated in the region of [[Halasi]], [[Karnataka]]; who were known for their own style of temple building. The [[Kadamba dynasty]] was founded by [[Mayurasharma]] in about 4th century AD. It was believed that Mayura was the first king of the dynasty and was the ruler during the time of [[Pallava]] King Vishnugopa of Kanchipuram. After losing to North Indian Emperor Samudragupta, Vishnugopa’s army had weakened. Mayura seized the opportunity, formed his own army and drove away the Pallavas from [[Kannada]] territory. On reaching ''[[Chandravalli]]'' (near [[Chitradurga]]), Mayura took shelter in a cave and founded his own dynasty. [[Banavasi]], near [[Sirsi, Karnataka|Sirsi]], was their first capital and their rule extended to Gomantak or present day [[Goa]].

[[Halasi]] (Halsi or Halshi) is one of the ancient towns in [[Belgaum district]]. It was Second capital of early [[Kadambas]] and a minor capital (during 980 AD - 1250 AD)<ref>{{cite news
|url= http://www.hindu.com/2007/09/12/stories/2007091253271100.htm
|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081017035101/http://www.hindu.com/2007/09/12/stories/2007091253271100.htm
|url-status= dead
|archive-date= 2008-10-17
|title=Ancient temples in neglect
|accessdate=2009-03-24
|location=Chennai, India
|work= [[The Hindu]]
|date=2007-09-12
}}</ref> under later Kadambas. where there are ''Bhoo Varaha Narasimha temple, Suvarneshwara temple, Kapileshwar temple, Hatakeshwara temple, Kalmeshwara temple, Gokarneshwara temple and a [[Jain]] basadi'' built by the [[Kadamba Dynasty|Kadamba]] rulers.

Halasi was a centre of confluence of [[Jainism]], [[Vaishnavism]] and [[Shaivism]] during early Kadambas. It was headquarters of ''Halasige-12,000'' province including parts of [[Belgaum District]], [[Dharwad District]] and [[Haveri District]].

Kadambas ruled Goa, Halasi as Capital.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Aug292008/national2008082887203.asp
|title=K'taka claim provokes Goa
|publisher=
|accessdate=2009-03-24
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811180017/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Aug292008/national2008082887203.asp
|archive-date=11 August 2011
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>

==Halasi Inscriptions==

Full scale excavations at [[Halasi]] and ''Gudnapur'' are bound to yield the brick temples of this early period. That would, show the contribution of the [[Kadambas|Kadambas of Banavasi]] to the [[Jain]]a [[architecture of Karnataka]]. The existence of Jaina temples during the period of the Banavasi Kadambas is amply evidenced by their epigraphs.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.jainsamaj.org/literature/monuments-071004.htm
|title=JAINA MONUMENTS IN NORTH KARNATAKA
|publisher=By Dr. A. V. Narasimha Murthy
|accessdate=2008-09-03
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080323094530/http://www.jainsamaj.org/literature/monuments-071004.htm  |archivedate = 2008-03-23}}</ref>

All the inscriptions mention gifts for worship and repair to Jaina temples. However, many of them refer to a Jaina temple at [[Halasi]]. The [[Jainism|Jaina]] temple now standing at Halasi can be dated from no earlier than the 11th century A.D. As to the basadis referred to in the inscriptions, perhaps they might have been built of perishable wood.

The earliest references to a grant by a Kadamba king to a Jaina saint is found in the Halasi copper plate of [[Kakusthavarma]]. It mentions that the granted village [[Khatagrama]] belonged to arhanta. However, a reference to a Jain temple (Chaityalaya) is found in the [[Devagiri]] copper plate of ''Mrigesavarma''. The inscription states that Mrigesavarma gave a grant for the sammarjana, upalepana, archana and bhagnasamskara of the Chaityalaya located at ''Brihatparalur''. Further he also donated for the enclosure of the Chaityalaya one nivartana of land. This clearly shows that the above Chaityalaya was big enough to have an enclosure also. In the [[Devagiri]] inscription of ''Vijaya Siva Mrigesavarma'' a reference is made to arhat sale where an image of [[Jinendra]] was kept. Mrigesavarma's Halasi inscription of 8th regnal year states that the king built a Jinalaya in memory of his father in ''Palasika'' and granted lands to saints of ''Yapaniya, nirgrantha and kurchaka sangha''. Ravivarma's eleventh regnal year inscription found at Halasi refers to a grant for the abhisheka of Jinendra. Obviously this refers to a Jaina temple. Another inscription of the same king refers to the worship of Jinendra for which four nivartanas of land was granted .

The Halasi inscription of Ravivarma refers to interesting information. It states that the income from the gifted village should be used for eight-day festival in Kartikamasa in the Jinalaya at ''Palasikanagara''. It states at the end wherever Jinendra worship takes place properly, that place will prosper without any fear from enemies and the prowess of the king will improve. The Devagiri plates of prince Devavarma refers to gifts for the worship in the Chaityalaya and for the repairs of the Chaityalaya.

The famous ''Gudnapur inscription of Ravivarman'' is more explicit on this point. According to this inscription King Ravivarma built a temple, Kamajinalaya for Manmatha, very near the palace (rajavesma) and arranged for its worship by granting lands. At the same time he also gave grants to Kamajinalaya at Hakinipalli and Padmavati temple at ''Kalliligrama''.

According to ''Dr. [[B.R. Gopal]]'' who has edited this inscription has suggested that this Kamajinalaya is a temple for [[Bahubali]], as Bahubali is described as Manmatha. If this is so, the tradition of erecting gommata sculptures dates from the period of Kadambas and to sixth century A.D.

''Dr. A. Sundara'' has discovered a sculpture of Rati and Manmatha at the same place. Whether this was the sculpture worshipped in the Kamajinalya is uncertain. What is more important is the tradition of building Jaina temples for Manmatha and Padmavati.

According to A. Sundara's field work at [[Halasi]] throws very important light on this point. Very close to the ''Kallesvara temple at Halasi'', he discovered an ancient site dates from the [[megalithic]] and early historic periods. A large number of brick walls of the ancient period have been noticed by him in and around and he thinks that this represents the Jaina temple built during the Kadamba period.

In the Mrigesavarman of Kadambas of [[Palasika]] (AD 475-490) inscription mention about [[Yapaniya]].

{{Middle kingdoms of India}}

==See also==
* [[Kadamba of Hangal]]
* [[Kadamba architecture]]
* [[Kadambas of Goa]]
* [[Jainism in North Karnataka]]
* [[Vinayaditya (Hoysala dynasty)|Kadambas of Bayalnadu (Vainadu)]]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Kadambas]]
[[Category:Empires and kingdoms of India]]
[[Category:Hindu dynasties]]
[[Category:Dynasties of India]]
[[Category:Former countries in South Asia]]

Kadambas of Halasi - Revision history

>ClueBot NG at 17:27, 11 June 2021