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{{short description|1994 film directed by S. Shankar}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kadhalan
| image = Kadhalan.jpg
| border = no
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[S. Shankar]]
| producer = [[K. T. Kunjumon]]
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes | label1= Dialogue by | data1 = [[Balakumaran]]}}
| screenplay = S. Shankar
| story = S. Shankar
| starring = [[Prabhu Deva]]<br />[[Nagma]]
| music = [[A. R. Rahman]]
| cinematography = [[Jeeva (director)|Jeeva]]
| editing = [[B. Lenin]]<br />[[V. T. Vijayan]]
| studio = A. R. S. Film International
| released = {{Film date|1994|09|17|df=y}}
| runtime = 170 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = {{INR}}3 crore
}}
'''''Kadhalan''''' ({{IPA-ta|kaːdalan|pron}} {{translation|Loverboy}}) is a 1994 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic thriller]] film written and directed by [[S. Shankar]] and produced by [[K. T. Kunjumon]]. The film stars [[Prabhu Deva]] and [[Nagma]], while [[Vadivelu]], [[Raghuvaran]], [[Girish Karnad]], and [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] play supporting roles. It focuses on a college student who falls in love with the [[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|state governor]]'s daughter. The governor opposes this, and unknown to anyone, plans on toppling the state government.

''Kadhalan'' was released on 17 September 1994. The film was a commercial success and won many recognitions and honours, including two [[Filmfare Awards South|South Filmfare Awards]], and four [[National Film Awards]]. The film was dubbed and released in Telugu with the title ''Premikudu'' and in Hindi as ''Humse Hai Muqabala.''

== Plot ==
Retired [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] officer Kakarla Sathyanarayana, who is serving as [[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|governor]] is to open a new open market in [[Chennai]]. A single terrorist plants a bomb in the preceding night of the opening, and the market area explodes minutes after the Governor leaves the ceremony. The State government is thrown into disarry.

Prabhu is the student chairman of the Government Arts College, [[Chennai|Madras]] and his best friend Vasanth is the joint secretary. He goes to invite Governor Kakarla Sathyanarayana as the chief guest for the college annual day along with Vasanth, during which he sees his daughter Shruti and instantly falls in love with her. Kakarla accepts the invitation and on the function day he arrives with his wife and Shruti; Prabhu is excited to see her again.

To get close to Shruti, Prabhu joins her dance school. Shruti initially hates him for disrespecting classical dance. Prabhu's father, police constable Kathiresan, advises him to impress her by learning classical dance properly and Prabhu assents. Prabhu practices day and night for a month and becomes well versed in the art. Shruti refuses to go to the [[Natyanjali]] festival at [[Chidambaram]] if Prabhu attends, for fear of him insulting the art. To disprove her, Prabhu secretly enters her house and demonstrates his dance skills to her. She is amazed and agrees to go but, due to fear of terrorism, Kakarla refuses to let her leave.

Unknown to anyone, Kakarla is an aid of the National ruling party. He was paid heavily to topple the State government by horse-trading of MLAs; he instead chose to create law and order disarray and dismiss the legislature using [[Article 356]] of constitution of India. He was the one who planned the bomb at the market. he escapes with Prabhu and Vasanth via motorbike, outwitting her bodyguards. Meanwhile, Kakarla and bomb specialist Mallikarjuna plan the next bomb blast at the [[Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram|Nataraja Temple]] where Natyanjali is to take place.

Commander Ajay informs Kakarla that Shruti left with two men to attend Natyanjali. Kakarla orders Malli to remove the bomb, but he faces an accident on the way resulting him breaking his leg. Prabhu and Shruti are chased by the police and Malli; that night they stay in a paddy field. Shruti realises Prabhu's love for her and reciprocates. They reach Chidambaram as planned. Due to Malli's inability to remove the bomb, Kakarla secretly informs the police and his gaurds. Ajay and the squad reach the temple, remove the bomb and bring Shruti back by helicopter.

Kakarla doubts Shruti's virginity as she was with Prabhu for a night. Upset at this, Shruti meets with Prabhu in a cricket stadium and asks him to marry her, but then Ajay and his commandos imprison Prabhu and accuse him of planting the bomb. The police order Prabhu to confess, but he refuses while Shruti becomes embittered over his imprisonment, and expresses her love for him to her parents. Vasanth informs all the students about the happenings and a strike is called by all the students against Kakarla. Kakarla is embarrassed by Sruthi in an official dinner party, and they make a deal. In exchange for Prabhu's unconditional release, Shruti is sent to her paternal grandparents' house in a village in coastal [[Andhra Pradesh]].

Weeks later, Prabhu and Vasanth reach the village and find her. Shruti's grandparents support their romance and unite them. Malli sees Prabhu and informs Kakarla over a wireless transmission which Prabhu overhears. He discovers evidence of Kakarla's attempts to blast Nataraja Temple, and learns of his plans of blasting the [[Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital|Government General Hospital]]. After subduing Malli, Prabhu and Vasanth escape with the evidence.

Malli informs Kakarla, who orders the police to find Prabhu. Police arrest Prabhu and Vasanth, and Kakarla tells Malli to make the bomb detonate after his visit to the hospital to see the [[Vice-President of India]] undergoing treatment there. They plan to dump unconscious Prabhu and Vasanth in the hospital. However, Prabhu and Vasanth escape, and Prabhu informs Kathiresan about the bomb. Malli plants the bomb, but Kakarla betrays him by trying to kill him with a bomb radio. Malli survives, and in revenge re-times the bomb to detonate during Kakarla's scheduled visit.

Prabhu searches for the bomb, while Vasanth brings students to vacate the patients. After meeting the Vice-President, Kakarla gets stuck in a lift with his wife and daughter. Shruti is helped out, while Prabhu, having located the bomb, runs to a river and throws it there; the bomb detonates without killing anyone. Malli manages to kill Kakarla with a live wire, and succumbs to his injuries. Prabhu and Shruti reunite.

== Cast ==
* [[Prabhu Deva]] as Prabhu
* [[Nagma]] as Shruthi
* [[Vadivelu]] as Vasanth
* [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] as Kathiresan{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|p=331}}
* [[Raghuvaran]] as Mallikarjuna "Malli"{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|p=331}}
* [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] as Shruthi's grandmother{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|p=332}}
* [[Girish Karnad]] as Kakarla Sathyanarayana
* [[Allu Ramalingaiah]] as Shruthi's grandfather{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|p=332}}
* [[Ajay Rathnam]] as Ajay{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|p=331}}

* [[Padmapriya]] as Prabhu's mother{{sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|p=331}}
* Kavitrasri as the policewoman<ref name="IE review" />
* [[S. Shankar]] in a cameo appearance ("Kadhalikum Pennin" song)
* [[Raju Sundaram]] in a cameo appearance ("Kadhalikum Pennin" song)

== Production ==
=== Development ===
After the success of ''[[Gentleman (1993 film)|Gentleman]]'' (1993), producer [[K. T. Kunjumon]] decided to collaborate with director [[S. Shankar]] for the second time. Shankar narrated the plot of "a young dancer from a normal middle-class household falling in love with a girl from a very influential household". Kunjumon liked the plot and, "to turn this into as grand a film as was possible", he decided to incorporate the cold-war between the then Tamil Nadu chief minister [[J. Jayalalithaa]] and the then governor [[Marri Chenna Reddy]] into the screenplay.<ref name="ka" />

=== Casting ===
Shankar wanted [[Prashanth]] to play the lead actor, but due to other commitments he could not act in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajitha |date=17 April 1998 |title=Vim and vigour |url=https://www.rediff.com/entertai/1998/apr/17pras.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990221141856/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/1998/apr/17pras.htm |archive-date=21 February 1999 |access-date=9 May 2021 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Suresh |first=M. G. |date=1 May 1998 |title=What makes baby-face Prasanth tick? |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=http://www.cscsarchive.org:8081/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/7E0D2A4A454A69DF65256940004B7BA2 |url-status=dead |access-date=22 September 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130904025759/http://web.archive.org/web/20110725211901/http://www.cscsarchive.org%3A8081/MediaArchive/art.nsf/%28docid%29/7E0D2A4A454A69DF65256940004B7BA2 |archive-date=4 September 2013}}</ref> [[Prabhu Deva]], who worked as a dancer for Kunjumon's previous ventures, was later finalised by Kunjumon. Shankar was initially reluctant to have him as the lead actor as distributors felt audience would not accept him in that role because of his "lean physique" and "bearded look". However Kunjumon was firm with his choice and wanted to prove distributors wrong.<ref name="ka" /> Dubbing voice for Prabhu Deva was provided by then struggling actor [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanan |first=V. V. |date=5 July 2014 |title=Cinema Quiz |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-quiz/article6180476.ece |url-status=live |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201164130/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-quiz/article6180476.ece |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> [[Madhuri Dixit]] was originally considered as the lead actress. Busy schedules meant that [[Nagma]] was instead chosen. Kunjumon initially wanted to have [[Goundamani]] play Vasanth, but he could not accept due to scheduling conflicts; [[Vadivelu]] was instead chosen. [[Girish Karnad]] was not initially interested in playing the governor, but after convincing by Kunjumon, he agreed.<ref name="ka" />

=== Filming ===
The song "[[Urvasi Urvasi]]" was shot near the SPIC building in Guindy and other landmarks across Chennai.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tripathi |first=Apoorva |date=23 February 2017 |title=Tamil films: How north Chennai marks its presence while Kodambakkam thrives |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/tamil-films-how-north-chennai-marks-its-present-while-kodambakkam-thrives/story-TrsZN4P2BCWrIz61aOOBsK.html |url-status=live |access-date=22 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917064912/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/tamil-films-how-north-chennai-marks-its-present-while-kodambakkam-thrives/story-TrsZN4P2BCWrIz61aOOBsK.html |archive-date=17 September 2019}}</ref> Art director [[Thota Tharani]] specially created a glass framed bus for the song. Since the crew made a film with a relatively new cast it created doubts on the trade, so the crew decided "to use the newest technology at that time to make the film appealing to audiences. They decided to go all out with visual effects in the songs, making them the attraction." S. T. Venky was chosen to handle the visual effects for the film and he had done by outsourcing the work to technicians from abroad. It became the final film to be shot inside the temple premises of [[Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram|Nataraja Temple]] after the film's crew was sued by court for shooting inside the temple.<ref name="ka" />

== Music ==
{{Main|Kadhalan (soundtrack)}}

The background music score and soundtrack were composed by [[A. R. Rahman]]. with lyrics written by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]], [[Vairamuthu]] and director Shankar who penned the "Pettai Rap" number. The song "Mukkabla" became popular and was plagiarised freely by tunesmiths. Nearly a dozen versions of the song were churned out, a feat that earned "Mukkabla" and Rahman a place in the [[Limca Book of Records]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Gopal |title=The Complete Biography of A.R.Rahman – The A.R.Rahman Page |url=http://gopalhome.tripod.com/arrbio.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140615145414/http://gopalhome.tripod.com/arrbio.html |archive-date=15 June 2014 |access-date=1 June 2014 |website=Gopalhome.tripod.com}}</ref> New styles were experimented with, as in the song "Pettai Rap", a [[Madras Bashai]] song which was written in a [[rapping|rap]]-like style, interspersing Tamil with English words. The synthesiser and the keyboard also feature while drawing from Tamil folk music. [[P. Unnikrishnan]] made his playback singing debut with the song "Ennavale Ennavale" which is set in [[Kedaram]] raga.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=15 March 2013 |title=Mood enhancers |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/mood-enhancers/article4512233.ece |url-status=live |access-date=31 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917080636/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/mood-enhancers/article4512233.ece |archive-date=17 September 2019}}</ref>

The dubbed Hindi version of the soundtrack, ''Humse Hai Muqabala'', sold 2.5 million units in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2010 |title=Music Hits 1990–1999 (Figures in Units) |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=284&catName=MTk5MC0xOTk5 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102010439/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=284&catName=MTk5MC0xOTk5 |archive-date=2 January 2010 |website=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref> "Urvasi Urvasi" inspired the 2014 song "[[It's My Birthday]]" by American rapper [[will.i.am]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2014 |title=A R Rahman collaborates with will.i.am on Urvashi song remake |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/A-R-Rahman-collaborates-with-will-i-am-on-Urvashi-song-remake/articleshow/35479152.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529231401/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/A-R-Rahman-collaborates-with-will-i-am-on-Urvashi-song-remake/articleshow/35479152.cms |archive-date=29 May 2014 |access-date=1 June 2014 |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2014 |title=Humse Hai Muqabala : Lyrics and video of Songs from the Movie Humse Hai Muqabala (1994) |url=http://hindigeetmala.net/movie/humse_hai_muqabala.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428011431/http://hindigeetmala.net/movie/humse_hai_muqabala.htm |archive-date=28 April 2014 |access-date=1 June 2014 |website=Hindigeetmala.net}}</ref> It was remade in Hindi as a single, "Urvashi" in 2018, sung and composed by [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]], with the music video starring [[Shahid Kapoor]] and [[Kiara Advani]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 August 2018 |title=Honey Singh recreates A R Rahman's 'Urvashi' |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-honey-singh-recreates-a-r-rahman-s-urvashi-2647026 |url-status=live |access-date=23 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123092729/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-honey-singh-recreates-a-r-rahman-s-urvashi-2647026 |archive-date=23 November 2019}}</ref> "Mukkabla" was remade as "Muqabla" in Hindi for the 2020 film ''[[Street Dancer 3D]]'', in which Prabhu Deva stars as one of the leads, and an accompanying video song was released in late 2019 as promotion for the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raghuvanshi |first=Aakanksha |title=Street Dancer 3D Song Muqabla: Prabhu Deva And Varun Dhawan Recreate The Magic Of AR Rahman's Iconic Track |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/street-dancer-3d-song-muqabla-prabhu-deva-and-varun-dhawan-recreate-the-magic-of-ar-rahmans-iconic-t-2152313 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227185917/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/street-dancer-3d-song-muqabla-prabhu-deva-and-varun-dhawan-recreate-the-magic-of-ar-rahmans-iconic-t-2152313 |archive-date=27 December 2019 |access-date=6 January 2020 |website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref>

== Release and reception ==
''Kadhalan'' was released on 17 September 1994.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 September 1994 |title=Kadalan |pages=4 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19940917&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |url-status=live |access-date=7 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026114959/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19940917&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |archive-date=26 October 2019}}</ref> Malini Mannath of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' said, "[''Kadhalan''] is better than expected, and will appeal to the college crowd."<ref name="IE review" /> K. Vijiyin of ''[[New Straits Times]]'' said, "Sadly, the love story is not all that endearing as it is eclipsed by the dance songs."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vijiyin |first=K. |date=1 October 1994 |title=Love story eclipsed by the dance songs |page=15 |work=[[New Straits Times]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=njhOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=UxMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2907%2C156582 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190918070428/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=njhOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=UxMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2907%2C156582 |archive-date=18 September 2019}}</ref> Balaji T.K. of ''Indolink'' wrote, "With a tighter script and more attention to the story's development instead of gimmicks like computer Graphics and having S.P.B. cavort in drag for song, this would have made a great entertainer. Still the songs and picturization makes this worthwhile".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Balaji |first=T.K. |date=7 June 1997 |title=INDOlink Film Review: Kadalan |url=http://www.indolink.com/Film/kadalan.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970607043432/http://www.indolink.com/Film/kadalan.html |archive-date=7 June 1997 |website=Indolink}}</ref> The film was a major commercial success, and by the end of January 1995 was expected to gross {{INRConvert|15|c}} against a budget of {{INRConvert|3|c}} in South India alone.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=22–28 January 1995 |title=Just Like Jackson |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.20999/page/n425 |magazine=Sunday |pages=70–71}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
P. Unnikrishnan won the [[National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer]] with his first ever film song for "Ennavale Ennavale".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pradeep |first=K. |date=6 December 2012 |title=Making it big on the right pitch |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/Making-it-big-on-the-right-pitch/article15616740.ece |url-status=live |access-date=23 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129022331/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/Making-it-big-on-the-right-pitch/article15616740.ece |archive-date=29 November 2020}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Ceremony
!Award
!Awardee
!{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[42nd National Film Awards]]
|[[National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]
|[[P. Unnikrishnan]]
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=42nd National Film Festival |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm42thNFAAward.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150523171116/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm42thNFAAward.aspx |archive-date=23 May 2015 |access-date=23 November 2019 |publisher=[[International Film Festival of India]] |page=34}}</ref>
|-
|[[National Film Award for Best Audiography|Best Audiography]]
|[[A. S. Laxmi Narayanan]]<br />V. S. Murthy
|-
|[[National Film Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]]
|[[B. Lenin]] and [[V. T. Vijayan]]
|-
|[[National Film Award for Best Special Effects|Best Special Effects]]
|Venky
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[42nd Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Tamil|Best Director – Tamil]]
|[[S. Shankar]]
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite magazine |year=1995 |title=The 42nd Annual (South) Filmfare Winners |url=http://archive.org/details/42ndFilmfareTamilFilmsWinners |magazine=[[Filmfare]] |access-date=23 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Tamil|Music Director – Tamil]]
|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|}

== Controversy ==
Congress MP [[Era. Anbarasu]] submitted a petition to the [[Madras High Court]] to ban the film, citing the negative portrayal of the governor; the High Court admitted the petition.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 November 1994 |title=Cong MP moves HC to ban ''Kaadalan'' |page=4 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EZJlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yJ4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=911%2C3610959 |url-status=live |access-date=10 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026114959/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EZJlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yJ4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=911%2C3610959 |archive-date=26 October 2019}}</ref> Kunjumon said he received calls from governor's office ordering him to remove certain scenes from the film. However, Jayalalithaa was impressed with the film, supported Kunjumon and no scenes were removed.<ref name="ka" />

== Legacy ==
The song ''"''Urvasi Urvasi" inspired the title of Rajsirpy's 1996 film ''[[Take It Easy Urvashi]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kareem |first=Rehna |date=25 October 2017 |title=Benny Dayal is bringing back the classic with Project Urvasi |url=http://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/celebs/2017/oct/25/benny-dayal-is-bringing-back-the-classic-with-project-urvasi-4188.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917081748/https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/celebs/2017/oct/25/benny-dayal-is-bringing-back-the-classic-with-project-urvasi-4188.html |archive-date=17 September 2019 |website=[[Indulge]]}}</ref> Furthermore, the [[gibberish]] line "[[Jil Jung Juk]]" which was spoken by Vadivelu in the film inspired the title of a film [[Jil Jung Juk|of the same name]], released in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2017 |title=Jil Jung Juk & Gethu postponed to next year |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Jil-Jung-Juk-Gethu-postponed-to-next-year/articleshow/50149348.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917081328/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Jil-Jung-Juk-Gethu-postponed-to-next-year/articleshow/50149348.cms |archive-date=17 September 2019 |access-date=16 December 2015 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="ka">{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M. |date=17 September 2019 |title=How Kadhalan established Prabhudeva as an actor – 25 years of Kadhalan |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/how-kadhalan-established-prabhudeva-as-an-actor-25-years-of-kadhalan/articleshow/71151406.cms |url-status=live |access-date=17 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917071933/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/how-kadhalan-established-prabhudeva-as-an-actor-25-years-of-kadhalan/articleshow/71151406.cms |archive-date=17 September 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="IE review">{{Cite news |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=30 September 1994 |title=Better than expected |page=6 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19940930&printsec=frontpage&hl=en}}</ref>
}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Dhananjayan |first=G |title=Pride of Tamil Cinema: 1931 to 2013: Tamil Films that have earned National and International Recognition |publisher=Blue Ocean Publishers |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-670-08620-7 |author-link=G. Dhananjayan}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=0097416 | title=Kadhalan }}

{{National Film Award Best Special Effects|state=collapsed}}
{{S. Shankar}}

[[Category:1990s political thriller films]]
[[Category:1990s romantic thriller films]]
[[Category:1990s Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1994 films]]
[[Category:Films about contract killing in India]]
[[Category:Films about terrorism in India]]
[[Category:Films directed by S. Shankar]]
[[Category:Films scored by A. R. Rahman]]
[[Category:Films set in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films set in universities and colleges]]
[[Category:Films set in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films shot in Puducherry]]
[[Category:Films shot in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films that won the Best Audiography National Film Award]]
[[Category:Films that won the Best Special Effects National Film Award]]
[[Category:Films whose editor won the Best Film Editing National Award]]
[[Category:Indian films with live action and animation]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian political thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language films]]

Kadhalan - Revision history

Flying Bee at 21:00, 11 August 2021