>WOSlinker at 09:41, 24 April 2021

2021-04-24T09:41:06Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox mountain range
| name = Kaimur Range
| native_name =
| etymology =
| photo = KohiraDamKaimurBihar.jpg
| photo_caption = View of the range towering above the Kohira dam in Kaimur district
| photo_size =
| country = India
| subdivision1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Bihar]]
| subdivision4_type = Rivers
| subdivision4 = {{enum|[[Son River|Son]]|[[Tamsa River|Tamsa or Tons]]|[[Ken River|Ken]]|[[Karmanasa River|Karmanasa]]|[[Durgavati River|Durgavati]]}}
| highest =
| elevation_m =
| coordinates =
| range_coordinates = {{coord|24|35|N|82|04|E|type:mountain_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| length_km = 483
| length_orientation= SW-NE
| width_km = 80
| width_orientation =
| area_km2 =
| geology =
| orogeny =
| biome =
| map = India
| map_caption = Location of the Kaimur Range
}}

'''Kaimur Range''' (also spelt Kymore) is the eastern portion of the [[Vindhya Range]], about {{convert|483|km}} long, extending from around Katangi in [[Jabalpur district]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]] to around [[Sasaram]] in [[Rohtas district]] of [[Bihar]]. It passes through the [[Rewa division|Rewa]] and [[Mirzapur division|Mirzapur]] divisions. The range never rises more than a few hundred metres above the surrounding plains and has a maximum width of around 80 km.<ref>{{cite web|url =http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Vindhya+Range | title = Vindhya Range|access-date = 2010-05-05 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=kEj-2a7pmVMC&q=Kaimur+ranges&pg=PA161 | title = Students' Britannica India, Volumes 1-5 By Britannica, Dale Hoiberg, Indu Ramchandani |work = p. 161 | isbn = 9780852297605 |access-date = 2010-05-05 | last1 = Hoiberg | first1 = Dale | year = 2000 }}</ref>

==The range==
The southern part of the Vindhyan Range up to Katangi is called Bhander Range. Beyond this point the escarpment enclosing the land-locked valley of Sirampur and the hill range in continuation is called the Kaimur Range.<ref>{{Cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ahO2LIyTBnUC&q=Panna+Plateau&pg=PA14 | title =Resources and planning for economic development | work= p. 19 | first=Archana | last= Bhargava| year =1991 | isbn =9788185119717 | access-date = 2010-07-11 }}</ref>

The most important physioraphic feature in eastern Madhya Pradesh is the great Kaimur escarpment. This forms the watershed or divide for two of the major rivers of peninsular India, the [[Son River|Son]] on the south and [[Tamsa River|Tamsa or Tons]] on the north. Throughout its length of 300 miles and throughout its continuation into Narmada valley, it is not breached at any point by any stream flowing northwards, with a few minor exceptions. Everywhere the scarp rises to a height of 500 to 1000 feet above the low ground at its feet. The unique feature of the absence of any gorge or wind gap across the Kaimur scarp indicates that no stream of considerable size ever flowed due north across the scarp.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/rawdataupload/upload/insa/INSA_2/20005ad2_21.pdf|title = Evolution of the Son drainage|last = S. Lakhsman|publisher = Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, University of Saugor|access-date = 2010-07-11|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120316084006/http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/rawdataupload/upload/insa/INSA_2/20005ad2_21.pdf|archive-date = 16 March 2012|url-status = dead}}</ref>

The Kaimur Range runs through the entire length of [[Maihar]] and [[Amarpatan]] tahsils of [[Satna district]] in an easterly direction slightly inclined to the north. At Jhukehi, the strike of the Kaimurs is displaced, producing the only gap in the whole length of the Vindhyas. Advantage of the gap is taken in the construction of the Mirzapur road and the Jabalpur-Allahabad railway line.<ref>{{cite web|url =http://satna.nic.in/ | title =Satna | work=Mountains and hills |publisher =Satna district administration | access-date = 2010-07-11 }}</ref>

==Plateaux and waterfalls==
A series of plateaux runs along the Kaimur Range. These [[fluvial]] plateaux, consists of a series of descending plateaux, starting with the [[Bijawar-Panna Plateau|Panna Plateau]] in the west, followed by [[Bhander Plateau]] and [[Rewa Plateau]] and ending with [[Rohtas Plateau]] in the east.<ref>{{Cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=dC7qhGQpBYkC&q=Rohtas+plateau&pg=PA158 | title =Physical Geography: Introduction To Earth| work= p. 158 | last=K. Bharatdwaj | year =2006| isbn =9788183561631| access-date = 2010-06-28 }}</ref>

There is a well-marked fall line along these plateaux, extending from Purwa or Tons Falls on the Tons River in the north-western part of the Rewa district of Madhya Pradesh in the west to Sasaram in the east. Hundreds of waterfalls ranging in height between 15m and 180m are found along this fault line as all the major rivers emerging from the Kaimur Range and draining due northwards make tremendous waterfalls while descending through the northern foreland of the Indian peninsula. Significant waterfalls along this fault line are: [[Purwa Falls|Purwa or Tons Falls]] (70m) on the [[Tamsa River|Tons River]] (in Rewa district, MP), [[Chachai Falls]] (127m) on the Bihad River, a tributary of Tons River, the [[Keoti Falls]] (98m) on the Mahana River, a tributary of Tons River, [[Bahuti Falls|Odda Falls]] (145m) on the Odda River, a tributary of Belah River, which is itself a tributary of Tones River, [[Devdari Waterfall]] (58m) on the [[Karmanasa River]] (Rohtas plateau, Bihar), [[Telhar]] (80m) on the Suara West River (Rohtas plateau), Suara Falls (120m) on the Suara East River, Durgawaati Falls (80m) on the [[Durgavati River]] (Rohtas plateau), Okharean Kund Falls (90m) on Gopath River (Rohtas plateau), [[Dhuan Kund Falls]] (30m) (Rohtas plateau near Sasaram) on the Dhoba River, Kuaridah Falls (180m) on the Ausane River, a tributary of Son River, Rohtas plateau, Rakim Kund Falls (168m), on the Gayghat River, a tributary of Ausane River (Rohtas plateau) <ref>{{Cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=T1Y_Ytx9wp4C&q=Physical+Geography:+Hydrosphere+Devdari+Falls&pg=PA154 | title = Physical Geography: Hydrosphere | work= p. 154 | last= K. Bharatdwaj | year = 2006 | isbn = 9788183561679 | access-date = 2010-06-28 }}</ref>

[[Prehistoric]] [[rock painting]]s have been discovered in the Kaimur hills, [[Nawada]] and [[Jamui]]. A [[Neolithic]] settlement was also discovered in the thick of the [[alluvium]], over the bank of the [[Ganges]] at [[Chirand]].<ref>http://yac.bih.nic.in/Da-01.htm [[Prehistoric]] era in Bihar</ref> The [[rock painting]]s depict prehistoric lifestyle and natural environment. The paintings display the sun, moon, stars, animals, plants, trees, rivers and are believed to represent love towards nature. The paintings also highlight daily life of the early humans in Bihar, displaying hunting, running, dancing, and walking.<ref>http://discoverbihar.bih.nic.in/pages/art_craft.htm#Rock%20Paintings {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205000953/http://discoverbihar.bih.nic.in/pages/art_craft.htm |date=2009-02-05 }} Rock painting at Kaimur</ref> The [[rock painting]]s in [[Bihar]] are not only identical to those in central and southern India, but also are similar to those in Europe and Africa. The rock paintings of Spain's [[Cave of Altamira|Altamira]] and France's [[Lascaux]] are almost identical to those found in Bihar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kaimur.com/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2008-12-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202172246/http://kaimur.com/ |archive-date=2009-02-02 }} discovery of rock paintings</ref> Adi Satguru Ashram situated near Maa Mundeshwari Temple near Bhabhua (Kaimur) is a must see.

==Protected areas==
Protected areas in the Kaimur Range include:
* [[Kaimoor Wildlife Sanctuary]] in Uttar Pradesh
* [[Chandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary]] in Uttar Pradesh
* [[Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary]] in Bihar

==References==
{{Commons category|Kaimur district}}
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{Patna Division topics}}

[[Category:Landforms of Bihar]]
[[Category:Landforms of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Landforms of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Mountain ranges of India]]
[[Category:Rock art in India]]
[[Category:History of Bihar]]
[[Category:Cultural history of India]]
[[Category:Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests]]

Kaimur Range - Revision history

>WOSlinker at 09:41, 24 April 2021