>Solarson919 at 07:14, 17 May 2021

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{{Short description|Protected area and tiger reserve in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2013}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Kali Tiger Reserve
| alt_name =
| iucn_category = II
| photo = Kali river.jpg
| photo_alt =
| photo_caption = Kali River flowing through the reserve
| photo_width =
| map = India Karnataka#India|relief=1
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| map_width =
| location = [[Uttara Kannada district]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
| nearest_city = [[Dandeli]]
| coordinates = {{coords|15|1|N|74|23|E|display=inline, title}}
| area_km2 = 1300
| established = 2 September 1987
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| governing_body = [http://www.karnatakaforest.gov.in Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (Wildlife)], Karnataka
| world_heritage_site =
| url = [http://www.kalitiger.com Official website]
}}

'''Kali Tiger Reserve''' ([[Kannada]]: '''ಕಾಳಿ ಹುಲಿ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶ'''; formerly '''Anshi National Park''') is a [[Protected areas of India|protected area]] and [[tiger reserves of India|tiger reserve]]. It is located in [[Uttara Kannada]] district, in [[Karnataka]], India. The park is a habitat of [[Bengal tiger]]s, [[black panther]]s and [[Indian elephant]]s, amongst other distinctive fauna. The [[Kali River (Karnataka)|Kali River]] flows through the tiger reserve and is the lifeline of the ecosystem and hence the name. The tiger reserve is spread over an area of 1300 square kilometres.

==History==
The forest in the area was declared the Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary on 10 May 1956. The state proposed carving out a section of the sanctuary to form the Anshi national park, which was implemented on 2 September 1987.<ref name="inception">Wildlife Institute of India [http://www.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/karnataka_main.htm Protected Areas in Karnataka state] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20041224181747/http://www.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/karnataka_main.htm |date=24 December 2004 }}, (June 2000), URL accessed 2 April 2007</ref> The initial proposal covered 250 square kilometres. When the final notification of the park area was issued in 2002, it was extended by another 90 square kilometres.

It was renamed to Kali Tiger Reserve in December 2015. The park is home to several hydroelectric dams and a nuclear power station.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}}

==Renaming of Anshi Tiger Reserve==
It is notable that Anshi National Park and Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary were together granted the status of [[Project Tiger]] [[Tiger reserves of India|tiger reserve]], being declared as 'Anshi Dandeli Tiger Reserve' in January, 2007.<ref name="project">{{citation
|author=Rajendran, S
|url= http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/17/stories/2007011708120600.htm
|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080720095934/http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/17/stories/2007011708120600.htm
|url-status= dead
|archive-date= 20 July 2008
|title= Karnataka gets its fourth Project Tiger sanctuary
|access-date= 6 March 2007
|location=Chennai, India
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|date=17 January 2007
}}</ref> The {{convert|340|km2|abbr=on}} Anshi park adjoins the [[Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary]], and together with six adjacent [[Protected areas of India|protected areas]] in the states of Goa and [[Maharashtra]], forms an almost uninterrupted protected forest area of over {{convert|2200|km2|abbr=on}}.

In December 2015, Dandeli Anshi Tiger reserve was renamed to Kali Tiger Reserve (JOIDA).<ref name="renaming">{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/anshi-dandeli-reserve-now-kali-tiger-reserve-499790.html|title=Anshi-Dandeli reserve now Kali tiger reserve|author=Bosky Khanna|date=23 December 2015|website=Deccan Herald|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229070159/https://www.deccanherald.com/state/anshi-dandeli-reserve-now-kali-tiger-reserve-499790.html|archive-date=29 February 2020|access-date=29 February 2020}}</ref> The river Kali is the lifeline of the people of Uttara Kannada district and integrates Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary (DWS) spread across 400 km<sup>2</sup> and Anshi National Park (ANP) spread across 500 km<sup>2</sup>. The river cuts across the whole park and the renaming has given the area a single identity. The change of name was also to bring focus and awareness to [[Kali River (Karnataka)|Kali River]]. The name change was prompted following a universal response from policymakers after the release of the movie ''Kali''<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/content/493020/anshi-dandeli-tiger-reserve-may.html kali rename]</ref><ref name="IMDbKali">{{cite web|title=IMDb Title: Kali|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4953736/}}</ref> which brought to importance the role of Kali River to the ecosystem.

==Geography==
Located in the [[Western Ghats]] range from 14°54' to 15°07' N latitude and 74°16' to 74°30’ E longitude, Kali Tiger River's [[elevation]] varies from {{convert|27|-|1059|m|abbr=on}} above [[Mean sea level|MSL]]. Despite high rainfall in this area, water holes go dry very early in the summer because the soil is [[laterite]], with minimal water-holding capacity.<ref name="KWB">{{citation
|url = http://www.karnatakawildlifeboard.org/NationalParks/AnshiNationalPark/tabid/86/language/en-US/Default.aspx
|title = About the park
|work = National Parks - Anshi National Park
|publisher = Karnataka State Wildlife Board
|year = 2011
|access-date = 8 March 2012
}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Park management==
The management of National parks and sanctuaries in the state is the responsibility of the [[Principal Chief Conservator of Forests]] (Wildlife). Kali Tiger Reserve is headed by the Director of the Park who is also the Chief Conservator of Forests.

==Flora==
[[File:AnshiForestCanopy.jpg|thumb|Anshi National Park [[forest canopy]]]]
[[File:Wagatea spicata.jpg|thumb|[[Medicinal herb|Medicinal]] candy corn plant]]
The park is in the [[ecoregion]]s of [[North Western Ghats montane rain forests]] and [[North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests]], both of which are deemed endangered by the [[World Wide Fund for Nature]] (WWF).<ref name="wwf">WWF {{WWF ecoregion|id=im0134|name=North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests|access-date=6 March 2007}}</ref> The forests have high [[biodiversity]].

Some common trees and plants here include: [[Calophyllum tomentosum|bintangur]], ''[[Calophyllum]] wightianum'', [[Garcinia cambogia|Malabar tamarind]], ''[[Garcinia morella]]'', ''[[Knema attenuata]]'', ''[[Hopea wightiana]]'', ''[[Tetrameles nudiflora]]'', [[Alstonia scholaris|blackboard tree]], ''[[Flacourtia]] montana'', ''[[Machilus]] macrantha'', ''[[Carallia]] brachiata'', [[Artocarpus hirsuta|aini-maram]], ''[[Artocarpus lacucha]]'', [[Cinnamomum zeylanicum|true cinnamon]], [[bamboo]], [[bauhinia]], [[eucalyptus]], [[lantana]], [[Grevillea robusta|silver oak]], [[teak]] and [[Xylia xylocarpa|jamba]].<ref name="KWBf">{{citation
|url = http://www.karnatakawildlifeboard.org/NationalParks/AnshiNationalPark/AnshiNationalParkFloraandFauna.aspx
|title = Flora and Fauna
|work = National Parks - Anshi National Park
|publisher = Karnataka State Wildlife Board
|year = 2011
|access-date = 8 March 2012
}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Fauna==
The [[black panther]],<ref>[http://www.world-wildlife-adventures.com/directory/india/wildlife-parks-by-animal.asp?wildlife=Black+panther Black panther in India] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120013904/http://www.world-wildlife-adventures.com/directory/india/wildlife-parks-by-animal.asp?wildlife=Black+panther |date=20 January 2013 }}</ref> elephants and tigers live in the park but are rarely seen. Other large [[mammal]]s here are [[Gaur|Indian bison]], [[sloth bear]], [[Wild boar#Indian races (cristatus group)|Indian wild boar]], [[bonnet macaque]], [[northern plains grey langur]], [[grey slender loris]], several deer including: [[barking deer]] (muntjac), [[Chevrotain|mouse deer]] (chevrotain), [[sambar deer]] and [[spotted deer]] (chital or axis deer).

[[Dhole|Wild dog]], [[jackal]], [[jungle cat]], [[leopard cat]], [[small Indian civet]], [[Indian grey mongoose]], [[flying squirrel]], [[porcupine]], [[Malabar civet]], [[Indian giant squirrel]] and [[pangolin]] also make their home in the forests here.

[[Reptile]]s in the park include the [[king cobra]], [[spectacled cobra]], [[Russell's viper]], [[saw-scaled viper]], [[common krait]], [[Indian rock python]], [[rat snake]], [[Ahaetulla|vine snake]], green or [[bamboo pit viper]] and [[monitor lizard]]s.

Interesting birds include the Ceylon frogmouth, great hornbill, Malabar pied hornbill, Malabar grey hornbill, Indian grey hornbill and Asian fairy bluebird.
Around 200 species of [[bird]]s are recorded in the park. These include the distinctive [[Leptoptilos|adjutant stork]], [[ashy woodswallow]], [[black-crested bulbul]], [[Pitta (bird)|blue-headed pitta]], [[brahminy kite]], [[broad-billed roller]], [[crested serpent eagle]], [[great hornbill]], [[Greater flameback|golden-backed woodpecker]], [[Malabar pied hornbill]], [[Sri Lanka frogmouth]] and [[yellow-footed green pigeon]].<ref name="KWBf"/>

==Visitor information==
The best months to visit are October to May. The park is open from 6:00 am to 6:00 pm. The nature camp at Kulgi has accommodations available in tents (two beds each), deluxe tents (two beds each), and a dormitory with 16 beds. The climate is quite humid year around. The usual plans are visiting the Bird Trail, Mammal trail in Kulgi which is a 3-km walk. The water sports like jacuzzi, boating, rafting, and canoeing can be planned in the river Kali, and trekking the extremely beautiful Dudhsagar waterfalls by a 20-km trek is also available.
Also note many roads within Anshi national park ( Kali Tiger Reserve )are closed to vehicular traffic from evening 6 P.M to morning 6 A.M like Kulgi to Bhagavathi via Ambikanagar, Anmod to Hemmadaga and Ulavi to Potoli. Also many dams are built across river Kali which criss crosses within tiger reserve.
Signboards are written in [[Kannada language|Kannada]] the state language and English.

[[Dandeli]] is the nearby town adjoining sanctuaries which has daily bus services to Dharwad, Hubballi, Belagavi and Bengaluru.Visiting the eco interests in Goa is optional. The local vegetarian food is served.<ref>
|author = Shivaraj Shettar
|url = http://www.dandelijungleresorts.in/Dandeli
|title = Accommodation
|work = National Parks - Anshi National Park
|publisher = Karnataka State Wildlife Board
|year = 2011
|accessdate = 8 March 2012
</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Anshi National Park}}
* [http://www.thejunglelook.com/info/resources/wildlife-parks Map] National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries of Karnataka

{{National Parks of India}}
{{Protected areas of Karnataka}}
{{Tiger Reserves Of India}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Tiger reserves of India]]
[[Category:National parks in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries of the Western Ghats]]
[[Category:Important Bird Areas of India]]
[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Karnataka]]
[[Category:North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests]]
[[Category:North Western Ghats montane rain forests]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1987]]
[[Category:1987 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Uttara Kannada district]]

Kali Tiger Reserve - Revision history

>Solarson919 at 07:14, 17 May 2021