https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Kalo_BhariKalo Bhari - Revision history2026-07-31T10:43:28ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.4https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Kalo_Bhari&diff=220127&oldid=prev->Bender the Bot at 06:13, 16 August 20192019-08-16T06:13:58Z<p></p>
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'''Kalo Bhari''' ([[Nepali language|Nepali]]: कालो भारी): is a type of forced labor in the era of the [[Chogyal|Namgyal dynasty]] in [[Sikkim]] where people were propelled to carry load of [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] consignment to the [[China]] via [[Tibet]].<ref name="google">{{cite book|title=Navigating Social Exclusion and Inclusion in Contemporary India and Beyond: Structures, Agents, Practices|authors=Uwe Skoda, Kenneth Bo Nielsen, Marianne Qvortrup Fibiger|date=2014|publisher=Anthem Press|isbn=9781783083404|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V9sZBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA138&dq=Kalo+Bhari&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjl0Ya8qsfKAhXEkY4KHfDhBh0Q6AEIHTAA#v=onepage&q=Kalo%20Bhari&f=false|page=138|accessdate=2016-01-26}}</ref> Ethnologically Kalo Bhari is a [[Nepali language|Nepali]] word which means black loads.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sikkim-historyhunter.blogspot.in/2010/01/kalo-bhari.html|title=Kalo Bhari|website=Sikkim-historyhunter.blogspot.in|accessdate=3 November 2017}}</ref> It was very despotic system during Zamindari or the landlords reign in Sikkim where the citizens were subjected to all kinds of hardships.<br />
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==Evolution of the Kalo Bhari system==<br />
The evolution of this practice was started in Sikkim after the contact with the [[British India]]. The literary meaning of the term Kalo Bhari in Nepali is Black Load.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sandeeparitar.blogspot.in/2011/05/transport-of-kalo-bhari.html|title=TRANSPORT OF "KALO BHARI"|website=Sandeeparitar.blogspot.in|accessdate=3 November 2017}}</ref> KALO BHARI [Black Load] was the name given to a special consignment compactly packed in black tarpaulin. The British sold arms and ammunitions to Tibet. The terrain and the inclement weather condition made the trading difficult. The commodities to save them from rain and snow were wrapped in card boards and put inside gunny bags bedaubed with tar. The tar protected the commodities from outside rain, and it also hid the commodities within. The black colour gave the load its local name Kalo Bhari or black load.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newarsinsikkim.weebly.com/ins-and-outs/the-newars-aspect-in-zamindari-system-in-sikkim-kalo-bhari-and-jharlange-demystified|title=THE NEWARS ASPECT IN ZAMINDARI SYSTEM IN SIKKIM : Kalo-bhari and Jharlange demystified|website=Newars in Sikkim|accessdate=3 November 2017}}</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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[[Category:History of taxation in India]]<br />
[[Category:Legal codes]]<br />
[[Category:South Asia]]<br />
[[Category:Economy of British India]]<br />
[[Category:Sikkim]]<br />
[[Category:Sikkim monarchy]]<br />
[[Category:Monarchs of Sikkim]]<br />
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