Alicolours at 22:33, 25 January 2026

2026-01-25T22:33:28Z

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{{Short description|Meteorological satellite}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = Kalpana-1
| image = METSAT_Kalpana-1_deployed_view.png
| image_caption = Kalpana-1 deployed

| mission_type = [[Weather satellite|Weather]]
| operator = [[ISRO]]
| website = [http://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/kalpana-1 Kalpana-1 on ISRO Web-site]
| COSPAR_ID = 2002-043A
| SATCAT =
| mission_duration = Planned: 7 years <br/>Achieved: {{time interval|12 September 2002|September 2017|show=ymd|sep=,}}<ref name=Isro>{{cite web|title=Kalpana - 1|url=http://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/kalpana-1|website=www.isro.gov.in|publisher=[[ISRO]]|access-date=31 October 2018|archive-date=31 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731202345/http://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/kalpana-1|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| spacecraft_bus = [[I-1K|I-1000 Bus]]<ref name=ISAC_website>{{cite web | title=ISAC_website | url=http://www.isac.gov.in/earth-observation/html/kalpana.jsp | publisher = [[Indian Space Research Organization]] | access-date =2018-01-18 }}</ref>
| manufacturer = [[Indian Space Research Organisation Satellite Centre|ISRO Satellite Center]]<br/>[[Space Applications Centre]]
| dry_mass = {{convert|498|kg|lb}}
| launch_mass = {{convert|1060|kg|lb}}
| power = 550 watts
| instruments = [[Very High Resolution Radiometer|VHRR]]
| launch_date = {{start-date|12 September 2002, 10:24:00|timezone=yes}} UTC<ref name="isro_website" />
| launch_rocket = [[PSLV-C4]]
| launch_site = SHAR, [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|Satish Dhawan]] [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre First Launch Pad|FLP]]
| launch_contractor =
| disposal_type =
| deactivated = September 2017
| last_contact = 
| decay_date =
| orbit_epoch = 25 September 2002<ref name="satcat">{{cite web |url=https://planet4589.org/space/log/satcat.txt |title=Satellite Catalog |publisher=Jonathan's Space Page |first=Jonathan |last=McDowell |access-date=3 May 2018}}</ref>
| orbit_reference = [[geocentric orbit|Geocentric]]
| orbit_regime = [[Geostationary orbit|Geostationary]]
| orbit_periapsis = {{convert|35771|km|mi}}
| orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|35801|km|mi}}
| orbit_inclination = 0.48 degrees
| orbit_eccentricity = 0.0
| orbit_period = 1436.06 minutes
| orbit_longitude = 74° East
| apsis = gee
}}
'''Kalpana-1''' was the first dedicated [[meteorological satellite]] launched by the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] using [[PSLV-C4|Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]] on 12 September 2002. The satellite is three-axis stabilized and is powered by [[Solar panels on spacecraft|solar panels]], getting up to {{convert|550|W}} of power. The METSAT bus was used as the basis for the Chandrayaan lunar orbiter mission of 2008.

==History==
Originally known as MetSat-1, the satellite was the first launched by the [[PSLV-C4]] into the [[Geostationary orbit]]. On February 5, 2003, it was renamed to Kalpana-1 by the [[Indian Prime Minister]] [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] in memory of [[Kalpana Chawla]]—an Indian born [[NASA]] [[astronaut]] who perished in the {{OV|102}} [[Space Shuttle Columbia disaster|disaster]].

The satellite features a Very High Resolution scanning [[Radiometer]] (VHRR), for three-band images ([[Visible light|visible]], [[infrared]], and [[thermal infrared]]) with a resolution of {{cvt|2|x|2|km}}, and a Data Relay [[Transponder]] (DRT) payload to provide data to weather terrestrial platforms.<ref name=isro_website>{{cite web|title=Geostationary Satellites - Kalpana-1(METSAT) |publisher=Indian Space Research Organization |date=2009 |url=http://www.isro.org/satellites/kalpana-1.aspx |format=aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091014145150/http://www.isro.org/satellites/kalpana-1.aspx |archive-date=2009-10-14 |access-date=2009-10-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Its mission were to collect data in layer of [[cloud]]s, [[water vapor]], and [[temperature]] of the [[atmosphere]] and to establish a small satellite I-1000 bus system which can meet the exclusive service requirements of a meteorological payload for earth imageries

Kalpana-1 went out of service in mid-2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/210|title=Kalpana-1|date=12 July 2018}}</ref>

==VHRR scanning radiometer==
The three band images are:
* Visible
* Thermal [[infrared]]
* Water vapour infrared<ref>{{cite web|title=Kalpana 1|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2002-043A|website=Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref>

==See also==
* {{Portal-inline|Spaceflight}}
* [[2002 in spaceflight]]
* [[List of Indian satellites]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{commons category|Kalpana-1}}

{{Indian space programme}}
{{Orbital launches in 2002}}

[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 2002]]
[[Category:Kalpana Chawla]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched by PSLV rockets]]
[[Category:ISRO satellites]]
[[Category:Weather satellites of India]]

{{India-spacecraft-stub}}

Kalpana-1 - Revision history

Alicolours at 22:33, 25 January 2026